geo practice test
Pangaea
About 200-300 million years ago, all of the Earth's continents were combined into one supercontinent called::
Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum
About 40 million years ago, the MECO occurred. What was this?
Harsh and scathing hostility
Alfred Wegener's theory of plate tectonics was met by his cohorts with:
It swells significantly when wetted
Bentonite is a clay mineral derived from the weathering of volcanic ash. What is the geological hazard associated with bentonite?
Fossils
Carbon films and molds are types of what
means very little consequence
De minimus ?
dry ravel
Downhill movement of soil, organic material, and rocks in response to gravity after a wildfire is called:
Anthropocene
Due to extinctions and other changes caused by man many geologists advocate that the current epoch of geological time be renamed what?
evaporation plus transpiration is collectively referred to this
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
rocks
Elements are to minerals as minerals are to:
Areas susceptible to natural hazards are much more developed and populated than in the past
Hazardous events that long ago produced disasters are now causing catastrophes. The main cause is:
Metamorphism
Heating (but not melting) and pressurizing a sedimentary rock to the degree that it changes into a different kind of rock is called
Change is the only constant".
Heraclitus, a Greek philosopher and pioneer of wisdom of the late 6th century BC, said:
Far away from plate boundaries and randomly spaced over the globe
Hot spots are found predominantly where in relation to tectonic plate boundaries?
Geothermal Energy
If you were to drill down many feet what would you assume the temperature would be?
tectonic uplift
In one of your the assigned videos, there were 4 conditions discussed for the formation of fossil fuels. Which of the following was NOT one of these conditions?
Seafloor spreading and mid-ocean ridge volcanism
Magnetism in ocean floor rocks (i.e., polar striping) is related to which of the following?
a. Flooding b. Mass movements (landslides) c. Earthquakes d. Karst e. None of the above (they all are risks to Chattanooga) E
Of the following natural hazards, which does not pose a significant risk to the Chattanooga area?
. Buffon's balls b. John Joly's ocean saltiness work c. Radiometric dating d. Cuvier's fossils e. All of the above answer, E
Of the following, which contributed to the developing knowledge about the age of the earth?
The golden ratio
One of our Rocks of the Day (ooooh) was an ammonite, a fossilized sea creature similar to today's nautilus shell. One of the interesting features of the ammonite was a Fibonacci Sequence, which is related to what?
. Prevent drunkenness
One of our rocks of the day was the February birthstone, amethyst. In ancient Greece, this mineral was thought to:
the most common way a fossil forms!
PERMINERILAZTION,
4.3 billion years old
The oldest rocks on earth are found in Australia and are about how old?
Global tectonics
The prehistoric reptile, Mesosaurus is particularly compelling evidence for:
Talc and diamond
The softest and the hardest minerals, respectively, on Moh's Scale of Hardness are
over 3 billion years old
The water you drink from your tap or water bottle is probably about how old?
Evapotranspiration
Transpiration and evaporation are two important processes in the hydrologic cycle. Collectively these two processes are referred to as:
Cenozoic Era
We live in which geologic era?
cave country
What does karst related to?
you use oxygen
What happens when you decompose?
Livestock farts
Which of the following possibly contributes significantly to anthropogenic releases of the greenhouse gas methane to the atmosphere?
Brodie <3
Who is one of your best professors ever?
Earths internal heat flow
black smokers are evidence for:
rock mined when mining for uranium of radioactive
carnotite
the size of things
dimensional
proposes that organisms interact w their inorganic surroundings on earth to form a self-regulating, complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet (homeostasis)
gaia hypothesis ?
very old... haha jk it is 4.57 billion years old aka 4.6
how old is the earth?
place of storage , where you can find a lot of fossils
lagerstatten
the sun
largest source of external energy?
radiation
largest source of internal energy?
solid rock sphere that is all of the crust and the upper part of the mantle
lithosphere?
micro- atomic reactions crystal growth microbes macro- volcanos , tsunami , floods
micro scales? macro scales ? what are these..... explain
expansive soil
most expensive geological hazard?
1000
one inch of top soil may require how many years to form?
clay silt sand gravel
order of rocks sizes , smallest to largest?
25 inches thick in Chattanooga deposited in deep anoxic marine basins
shell ( rock of the dAY)
"plants sweating"
transpiration
earths magnetic field
what are northern lights due to?
1. fossil power plants 2. nuclear power plants 3. hydrofracing
what are ways electricity are made?
evaporation of a brine
what do evaporites form from?
a saint circular oceanic surface current
what is a gyre?
moderate
what is are seismic risk in Tennessee
Pacific Ocean garbage pack
what is associated with ocean jiara
famous female mammoth
what is buttercup?
quartz
what is the most common mineral on the continent
geology
what is the root of everything?
meteorite impact
what killed Dino 66 billion years ago?
sediment rocks
where are fossils found
at the bottom lol
where are old rocks???
Hawaii
where is the largest mountain on Earth found?
ignous rock
. A rock that has been melted and lithified is termed:
Evaporites
. Gypsum and halite (rock salt) are formed by the evaporation of sea water. These sedimentary rocks are called:
Earthquakes b. Surface water contamination c. Groundwater contamination d. Air pollution (e. All of the above)
. Hydrofracking has been implicated in which of the following environmental impacts (we discussed this several times via articles discussions)?
It stretched from my podium to the doors in the back of the auditorium
. In class, I depicted geological time using a string. This string was about how long?
1.5 degrees F
. Lord Kelvin used the geothermal gradient, the rate at which the Earth's temperature increases with depth, to calculate the age of the earth. Which of the following is a typical geothermal gradient away from tectonic boundaries in terms of degrees F per hundred feet?
It is an early photosynthetic organism that contributed to oxygenating our atmosphere
. One of our "Rocks of the Day" was an ancient (> 1 billion years old) fossil of single-cell organisms called stromatolite. The significance of this "living fossil" is:
Global tectonics
. The location, intensity, and frequency of many geological hazards such as volcanoes and earthquakes can be explained at least partially by:
. Lithosphere
. What "floats" over the hot, ductile plastic zone known as the asthenosphere ("weak sphere") and contains the earth's crust?
Subduction zones
2. Of all the plate boundary types listed below, the most destructive volcanoes occur, in general, where?
Earthquakes in Japan in March and New Zealand in February
2011 was the costliest year for natural disasters. The primary reason was:
over population
23. According to the article "The Rising Costs of Natural Disasters", the main cause of these cost increases is:
Fossil - fired power plants
33. The largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution produces 2.5 billion tons every year from:
divergent
42. The world's longest continuous mountain chains are associated with which type of plate boundary?
the sun
47. Which of the following is not a major source of earth's internal heating?
Hydraulic fracturing for natural gas
Recently, as discussed in many articles on articles day, swarms of earthquakes in Oklahoma and Ohio were allegedly caused by what?
The Law of original Horizontality
Sedimentary rocks are deposited in the environment in horizontal layers. This geologic "law" is called:
About the rate of growth of your fingernails
Tectonic plates move yearly about how much on average?
Scientists see an opposite effect associated with climate modeling (shows warming) versus proxy data (shows global cooling) over the past 7000-10,000 years
The Holocene Temperature Conundrum is related to what?
Climate change has happened in the past and will occur in the future
The Principle of Uniformitarianism implies that:
transform
The San Andreas Fault is an example of what kind of fault?
Ice
The cryosphere is that part of the earth that contains:
Homeostasis
The earth's atmosphere contains about 21% oxygen, a concentration that remains constant. Which of the following processes is responsible for maintaining characteristics such as atmospheric oxygen concentrations?