geography

C. forms over a ocean and is usually more humid

A mT air mass _______ than a cT air mass. A. forms over tropical rainforest and is usually more humid B. forms over and and ocean is usually less humid C. forms over a ocean and is usually more humid D. forms under the equatorial low and is usually less humid

B. convectional

Air rising as a result of being stimulated by local surface heating is an example of ________ lifting. A. convergent B. convectional C. orographic D. frontal

B. false

All places on Earth have warmed the same amount since the Industrial Revolution. A. True B. False

D. moisture surplus due to precipitation exceeding evapotranspiration

Factors that influence dry land climate include all of the following except: A. Rain shadow effect due to location of mountains. B. Shifting subtropical high pressure systems along the periphery of arid deserts. rain shadow effect due to location of mountains. C. Continentality. D. Moisture surplus due to precipitation exceeding evapotranspiration.

C. latitude

Insolation, the energy input for the climate system, is largely determined by... A. Upper atmospheric circulation B. Local and regional winds C. Latitude D. Location of high pressure cell

B. false

Marine west-coast climates are dominated by weather systems forming along the polar front and maritime polar air masses moving into the region throughout the year. A. True B. False

false

Meteorology is the scientific study of atmospheric conditions over long periods of time. True or False?

A. True

Milankovitch cycles refer to changes in Earth-Sun relationships, namely the Earth's orbit around the sun, the Earth's axial rotation, and the Earth's axial tilt. A. True B. False

A. groundwater

Other than ice sheets and glaciers, the largest repository of fresh water is located in... A. Groundwater B. Lakes and saline seas C. Atmospheric water vapor D. Rivers and streams

B. false

Relative humidity is the amount of water in the air per unit area. A. True B. False

A. proxy methods; climate proxies

Scientists use ________ to study past climates, using ________ to reconstruct climates that extend back further than our present instrumentation allows. A. Proxy methods; climate proxies B. Direct measurements; historical records C. Computer models; algorithms D. Indirect evidence; conjecture

C. is located between 30 degrees latitude and 0 degrees latitude in both, the Northern and Southern, Hemispheres

The Hadley Cell: A. is located between 90 degrees latitude and 60 degrees latitude in both, the Northern and Southern, Hemispheres. B. is located between 60 degrees latitude and 30 degrees latitude in both, the Northern and Southern, Hemispheres. C. is located between 30 degrees latitude and 0 degrees latitude in both, the Northern and Southern, Hemispheres.

A. hurricanes

The Saffir-Simpson scale ranks wind velocity and central air pressure from... A. hurricanes B. tornadoes C. storm surges D. wave cyclones

B. coriolis Force; right; Northern

The ____ causes air to deflect to the ____ of its intended direction of motion in the ___ Hemisphere. A. Pressure Gradient Force; south; Southern B. Coriolis Force; right; Northern C. Frictional Force; left; Southern D. Geostrophic Force; right; Northern

A. temperature

The amount of water vapor that can be present in the air is primarily a function of the... A. temperature B. density C. volume D. pressure

B. the ITCZ has moved away from the region

The dry season in the tropical monsoon climate occurs when... A. Cold air masses dominate the region. B. The ITCZ has moved away from the region. C. A continental polar air mass influences the region. D. The northeast trade wind reverse direction during late winter.

A. melting of ice on land

The majority of sea-level rise results from which of the following? A. Melting of ice on land. B Melting of icebergs. C. Changes in thermohaline circulation.

C. koppen

The most widespread system used to classify climate is the ________ classification system A. Humboldt B. Thornthwaite C. Köppen D. Mercator

C. forced uplift due to the presence of a physical barrier

The term "orographic" refers too... A. Convection stimulated principally by local heating. B. Lifting along the edges of conflicting air masses. C. Forced uplift due to the presence of a physical barrier. D. Vertical lifting due to converging air masses.

B. false

The term "rain shadow" refers to periods of time during which rainfall is lacking. A. True B. False

A. True

The tropical savanna climate has the ITCZ in summer and the subtropical high in winter. A. True B. False

D. latent heat

What is the heat energy involved in the change of state or phase in water? A. mechanical heat B. sensible heat C. fashion heat D. latent heat

B. decrease; warm

When a cold front approaches, air pressure will initially _____ due to the displacement and uplift of ____ air. A. increase; cold B. decrease; warm C. decrease; cold D. decrease; both warm and cold

A. spring

When are tornadoes most common in the United States? A. spring B. summer C. winter D. fall

A. releases; heat

When water condenses, it ____ heat energy and ____ surrounding air. A. releases; heat B. absorbs; cools C. absorbs; has no impact D. releases; cools

A. increases

When water freezes, its volume...? A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same as in the liquid state D. contracts

B. maritime tropical (mT)

Which air mass appears to predominately influence the humid subtropical region? A. Maritime polar (mP) B. Maritime tropical (mT) C. Continental tropical (cT) D. Maritime equatorial (mE)

D. strong high pressure cell

Which of the following "ingredients" is not associated with thunderstorm formation? A. Warm, moist air B. Rising, unstable air C. A lifting mechanism D. Strong high pressure cell

B. climate is the collective pattern of atmospheric conditions in a given region over long periods of time, whereas weather is the atmospheric conditions at a given time and place

Which of the following best describes the difference between weather and climate? A. Weather is the collective pattern of atmospheric conditions in a given region over long periods of time, whereas climate is the atmospheric conditions at a given time and place. B. Climate is the collective pattern of atmospheric conditions in a given region over long periods of time, whereas weather is the atmospheric conditions at a given time and place. C. Weather refers specifically to the temperature of a given place at a given time, whereas climate refers to temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind conditions of a given place at a given time. D. Weather and climate are essentially the same thing.

C. air masses tend to maintain their original characteristics as they migrate from their source regions

Which of the following is false regarding air masses? A. An air mass initially reflects the characteristics of its source region. B. Air masses interact to create weather patterns. C. Air masses tend to maintain their original characteristics as they migrate from their source regions. D. They may dominate half the depth of the troposphere.

D. the bulk of precipitation occurs in the summer months

Which of the following is false regarding the Mediterranean classification? A. Summers are hot. B. At least seventy percent of the precipitation occurs in the winter months. C. Summers are influenced by shifting subtropical high cells. D. The bulk of precipitation occurs in the summer months.

C. the boundaries of climate regions are fairly static

Which of the following is incorrect regarding climate regions and climate change? A. Tropical climates are expanding to higher latitudes. B. Subtropical high pressures systems and associated dry conditions are moving to higher latitudes. C. The boundaries of climate regions are fairly static. D. Storm systems are shifting to the midlatitudes.

C. cold front — clear cold air and high clouds as the front approaches

Which of the following is incorrectly matched? A. abruptly lifted warmer air — cold front B. drizzly precipitation — warm front C. cold front — clear cold air and high clouds as the front approaches D. squall line — turbulent, changing wind patterns slightly ahead of a cold front

C. short, relatively mild, winters

Which of the following is not a characteristic of tropical climates? A Effects of the ITCZ B. Unstable maritime air masses C. Short, relatively mild, winters D. Consistent day lengths

B. decreases in atmospheric water vapor

Which of the following is not an indicator of current climatic warming? A. Increased tropospheric, land, and ocean surface temperatures B. Decreases in atmospheric water vapor C. Rising sea levels D. Melting glacial ice and sea ice

C. these pressure systems have converging, ascending air that spirals counterclockwise and inward

Which of the following is true of midlatitude cyclones in the Northern hemisphere? A. The winds diverge from the pressure system and spiral outward in a clockwise fashion. B. These pressure systems tend to move east to west along storm tracks. C. These pressure systems have converging, ascending air that spirals counterclockwise and inward. D. They are also known as tropical cyclones.

B. eye

Which part of a hurricane consist of dry, subsiding air? A. depression B. eye C. easterly trade winds D. rain bands

B. the cooling effect of altitude can produce these features

Why might one find tundra, glaciers, and polar conditions at low latitudes? A. High albedo due to some land cover types prevent the absorption of insolation, resulting in these features. B. The cooling effect of altitude can produce these features. C. Despite low latitude locations, the high variability of day-length and low sun angle create cold conditions. D. These are anthropogenic features that have resulted from deforestation and subsequent shifts in climate systems.

C. cT

____ air masses dominate subtropical deserts. A. cP B. mT C. cT D. mP

A. tropical

_____ cyclones derive their energy from warm oceans and the condensation of water vapor. A. Tropical B. Midlatitude C. Polar D. Supercell