Geography Chapter 9
Moche
Early Peruvian culture
Chavin
First influential civilization in South America
Olmec
First known Mesoamerican civilization
Mastodon
Giant Ice Age animal
Oaxaca Valley
Home of the Zapotec
Way of writing and calender.
How did the Zapotec influence later people?
Settled and formed larger communities.
How did the development of agriculture change daily life?
Reliable source of food.
How did the development of agriculture lead to population growth?
as hunters and gatherers
How did the first Americans live?
Nazca Lines
Huge drawings visible only from air
-people enjoyed a more reliable and steady source of food -Families settled down and formed larger communities -Humans concentrated on new skills: arts and crafts, architecture, social organization -Complex societies eventually arose
After Agriculture
5000 B.C.
Agriculture developed in the Americas around
hieroglyphic language, written records
Although the Zapotec developed a ____________ ________, neither the Olmec nor the Moche left _______ _______. Without these sources, critical details about these cultures may never be known.
mammoth
An animal weighing more than seven tons and hunted by early Americans for food, shelter, clothing, and tools
religion
Archaeologists believe the Chavín civilization centered around
7000 B.C., 5000 B.C., squashes, beans, avocados, 3400 B.C., corn
Archaeologists believe the earliest experiments with agriculture in the Americas began around______, in what is now central Mexico. By ______, many people had begun to grow ________, _____, and ________. By ______, early farmers were growing ____ as well.
Mesoamerica
Area from central Mexico from northern Honduras
mother culture, pottery, sculpture, religion, urban design, Maya
Because of their wide and lasting influence in the region, the Olmec are considered the "_____________" of Mesoamerica. Olmec _____, _________, ______, and______ _______ greatly influenced other cultures in the region, most notably the great civilization of the ____.
-people hunted or gathered what they ate -Families continually moved in search of big game -Groups remained small due to the scarcity of reliable sources of food -Humans devoted much of their time to obtaining food
Before Agriculture
Zapotec
City builders in the Oaxaca Valley, Mexico, who developed hieroglyphic writing and a calendar system
Maize
Corn
Beringia
Land bridge connecting Asia to the Americas
Olmec
One of the most influential civilizations of the Americas is the
primarily religious
Since no evidence of Chavín political or economic organization has been found, archaeologists believe this society may have been ______________.
Peru
Site of South America's first civilizations
Nazca
The South American culture (200 B.C.-A.D. 600) that used irrigation and etched vast line drawings
Bering Strait
The body of water that covered the land bridge from Asia to Alaska when the Ice Age glaciers melted
Siberia
The earliest inhabitants of the Americas migrated from
Monte Albán
The first city in the Americas, it included a paved plaza, pyramids, temples, palaces, and an observatory
San Lorenzo
The oldest known site of an Olmec community, which has giant stone monuments set among earthen structures
jade
A blue-green stone that the Olmec carved to create figurines
spearheads
A hunting blade made of stone that is found throughout the Americas; many date to around 9500 B.C.
shaman
A medicine man, especially in ancient civilizations
Moche
A wealthy civilization on Peru's northern coast (about A.D. 100- A.D.700) that crafted jewelry and fine pottery
La Venta
Olmec site containing Great Pyramid
these cultures left no written records
It is difficult to determine why many early American civilizations declined because
Migration
Movement of people from one place to another
The culture had great wealth, build pottery, and build ditches.
Name three characteristics of the Moche people.
Siberia, Asia, Alaska
Near the end of the last Ice Age, migrants from _______ crossed the Beringia land bridge from ____ to ______ and made their way through the Americas.
jaguar
Olmec sacred animal
Ice Age
Period from about 1.6 million to 10,000 B.C.
Hieroglyphics
Picture writing system
irrigation
Providing constant supply of water to crops
Japan
The Asian country from which descendants of the Ainu may have island-hopped by boat to reach the Americas
Olmec
The Mesoamerican culture (about 1200-400 B.C.) that sculpted colossal heads and held ritual ball games
They found the Earth in mounds, courtyards, and pyramids built of stones.
What evidence of Olmec civilization has been found?
They found pyramids, temples, and palaces made of stone.
What evidence of Zapotec civilization has been found?
Helped form other cultures North and South of this site.
What theories do scientists have about the Chavin culture?
The first Americans came from Asia, Africa, and Europe. These are the people we know as Native Americans. They crossed over to North America by a land bridge. Beringia that which existed during the Ice Age between northeastern Siberia and Alaska They did not know this was a land bridge, though. They were simply following the herds of animals that they hunted.
Where did the first Americans come from?
Andes
World's second highest mountain range
La Venta
the site of the Great Pyramid of the Olmec, a 100-foot high mound of earth and clay
Mammoths, smaller animals, and fish.
what kinds of prey did the first americans hunt?
It feed families for up to two years, it helped farming, population grew, new jobs. Also, you could store it for long periods of time.
why was maize so important?
