Psych 13a

altruism

Altruism refers to unselfish behavior toward others.

who invented conformity

Asch

Cognitive dissonance was first investigated by:

Festinger

The ________ effect is the effect the presence of others have on helping behavior.

bystander effect

The _____________ principle is a theory of a cause of aggression.

frustration-aggression principle

The ___________ phenomenon is the belief that we get what we deserve.

just-world phenomenon

This occurs MOST often when people are naturally analytical or involved in an issue.

central route persuasion

This occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

central route persuasion

We tend to feel discomfort when our thoughts are inconsistent with our actions and then act to reduce that discomfort. This is known as the _____ theory.

cognitive dissonance

During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which of these BEST explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?

cognitive dissonance theory

Festinger is to Zimbardo as _____ is to _____.

cognitive dissonance; role playing

A close friend visits Katy and asks her to lend her $10 for gas. She happily agrees. Two weeks later, her friend visits again and this time asks for $20 for gas, and she agrees again. This is known as:

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Joshua is on trial for simple assault. He has pleaded not guilty. A psychiatrist has testified that Joshua has a gene that has altered the area of his brain related to aggressive behavior. What is likely to happen?

The judge will give him a lighter sentence.

Ashanti has strong feelings about the administration's policies regarding refugee families seeking asylum in the United States. These feelings reflect Ashanti's political beliefs and may cause her to attend a protest in her town in the near future. Ashanti's feelings, beliefs, and actions reflect what social psychologists call a(n):

attitude

A student's statement that his professor gave him a bad grade because she does not like him is a(n):

attribution

The authors of the textbook ask if the 2018 slaughter of 11 Jewish worshippers at Pittsburgh's Tree of Life synagogue should be ascribed to the shooter's hateful disposition or to America's gun culture. Whichever explanation one favors, it reflects the process of:

attribution

In the Stanford prison study, subjects were randomly assigned to be prisoners and guards in the experiment. The guards wore khaki prison uniforms, carried nightsticks, and wore sunglasses, whereas the prisoners wore prison garb with their prison numbers on the back. These costumes signified the _____ each of the subjects was to play in the experiment.

role

Our attitudes about another person are MOST likely to influence the way we treat that person if our attitudes are:

stable

James usually does very well on tests, but he was up all night before his psychology midterm cleaning his flooded basement, and he therefore failed his exam. He tried to explain his situation to his teacher, but she thought that James's performance was caused by a tendency to avoid studying, and she did not want to hear his excuse. The teacher incorrectly made a(n) _____ attribution about James's test performance

dispositional

_____ psychologists investigate how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

social

Dr. Scholz is reading an article describing research in which investigators examined how the presence of other people influenced participants' performance on a variety of tasks. Dr. Scholz is MOST likely reading the Journal of Research in _____ Psychology.

social

The common tendency in individualistic cultures to ascribe the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external or situational factors is called:

the fundamental attribution error.

In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often attribute that behavior to _____, indicating that we are _____ to the fundamental attribution error.

the situation; not susceptible