Geography Exam 4

Piedmont-Turin

1.7 million people Fiat

Prague

1.8 million people Capital of Czech Republic

Roma (Gypsies)

11 million in Europe India to Iran to Europe

Russians

13% of Moldova Ethnic group from Russia

Ukrainians

13% of Moldova Ethnic group from Ukraine

Potato Blight

1840s the Irish were living off of potatoes, about 10 million people living there "Irish Potato Famine" In 1841 they lost 10% of the crops, in 1842 they lost 25% of the crops, in 1846 they lost 90% of the crops 1 million Irish died and 2 million left Ireland Nobody from England assisted them which was the root of the problems between the Irish and the English

Doctrine of Self Determination

1919 Austria

United Kingdom

2 Islands- British Isles (Ireland and Great Britain) Includes Scotland, England, Wales, Northern Ireland (Ulster) which is on the Ireland island 94,578 sq miles; 63.7 million people Capital is London, England

Wales

3.0 million; 8,019 sq miles Celtic/Gaelic Part of the UK and Great Britain

Moldavia (Moldova)

4.1 million people Landlocked Once was part of Romania 70% Romanian, 13% Russian, 13% Ukrainian

Lombardy-Milan

5.2 million; high tech One of the four motors of Europe Northern Italy

Slovakia-Bratislava

5.4 million people Danube River defines its southern boundary Bratislava is the capital with 1.2 million people 10% of its population is Hungarian, Hungary wants it back called irredentism

England

53.6 million Main country in Great Britain London is the Capital

Catalonia (Barcelona)

7.9 million people, main city is Barcelona with 5.2 million people Covers 6% of the land area of Spain, 17% of the population, 25% of all exports are from Catalonia, 40% of manufacturing exports are produced there One of the four motors of Europe

Three Ethnic Groups of Moldova

70% Romanian 13% Russian 13% Ukrainian

Azores Islands

740 miles into the Atlantic Great place for American planes to land

Crete

A Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea Southeast of Greece

Nation State

A centralized political system, with recognized borders and territory, which governs its population

Microstates

A country of less than 1,000 sq miles 7 microstates: Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta, San Marino, Monaco, Vatican City

Centrifugal Forces

A force that divides people and countries Ex: Catalonia in Spain

Centripetal Forces

A force that unites a country Ex: Education systems where everyone is being educated at the same age and people believe they will end up thinking the same way, belief that they can assimilate anyone

Pyrenees Mountains

A mountain range that extends along the border between France and Spain

Gdansk (Danzig)

A port city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea

South Tyrol

A predominantly German-speaking region of northern Italy

Meseta-Madrid

A rather new city in Spain (18th century) Capital city with 7.1 million people Meseta Plateau (75%), dry conditions Ebro River is important for Madrid

Shatter Belt

A region under pressure from outside political/cultural forces that can fragment the region (West is Democracy and industrialization; East is Russian power with military and political dominance)

Rhine River

A river in Western Europe that flows from eastern Switzerland into the North Sea

Tosks

Albania is made up of 2 groups: Gegs and _________ (Tribal Muslims)

Gegs

Albania is made up of 2 groups: _______ and Tosks (Tribal Muslims)

Alsace-Strasbourg

Alsace backs up to the Rhine River, city of Strasburg Alsace Lorraine- moved between German and French control

Vosges Mountains

Alsace, France

Minoan Civilization

An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E.

Moravia

An important manufacturing area because part of the Silesian coal field is there Major city called Ostrava

Antwerp

An international port city on Belgium's River Scheldt

Sicily

An island in the Mediterranean Sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninsula

Sardinia

An island that belongs to Italy located northwest of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea

Guadalquivir River

Andalusia, main city is Seville

Ulster (Northern Ireland)

Another name for Northern Ireland 1.8 million people

Gaelic

Any of the Celtic family of languages spoken in Ireland or Scotland

Innsbruck

Austria City in the Alps

Stuttgart

Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Romanians

Balkan people that speak a Romance Language 70% of Moldova

Trieste

Barely in Italian territory, used to be a great naval port for the Austrian-Hungarian

Zuider Zee

Bay area of Netherlands is called Ijssel Meer or Zuider Zee

Rhine Delta

Benelux (Belgium and Netherlands)

Carcassonne Gap

Between the Massif Central and Pyrenees Connects the Aquitaine Basin with Languedoc, Bordeaux port 100 Years War- 1453 using new technology

Rotterdam

Biggest and busiest port in Europe

Serbians

Bosnia-Herzegovina Trying to exterminate Bosniaks 250,000 Bosniaks murdered; Sarajevo was under siege for many years and ended the fighting

Three Ethnic Groups of Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bosniaks (Muslim, 41%) Serbians (Orthodox Christians, 37%) Croats (Catholics, 16%)

Brussels

Capital and headquarters of NATO

Rome

Capital and largest city of Italy

Athens/Piraeus

Capital is Athens with 3.5 million people

Sarajevo

Capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina

Zagreb

Capital of Croatia

Berlin

Capital of Germany Split into East and West

Budapest

Capital of Hungary

Dublin

Capital of Ireland

Belfast

Capital of Northern Ireland

Warsaw

Capital of Poland Close to the center of the country

Bucharest

Capital of Romania

Edinburgh

Capital of Scotland and the cultural center

Belgrade

Capital of Serbia

Kiev

Capital of Ukraine On the Dnieper River

Cardiff

Capital of Wales South Wales Coal Field: one of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts

Aquitaine-Bordeaux

Carcassonne Gap connects the Aquitaine Basin with Languedoc Bordeaux port is a port

Pennine Mountains

Caused the coal fields to come closer to the surface England

Three Subgroups of the Indo-European Languages

Celtic Germanic Romance

Industrial Revolution

Changed the source of energy from human/animal power to inanimate power (coal), invention of the steam engine

Six Rustbelt Industrial Regions of the United Kingdom

Clydeside Teeside-Tyneside West Yorkshire Lancashire Midlands South Wales Coalfield

Somber-Meuse Valley

Coal Field- Rust Belt

Lancashire

Coal field Manchester and Liverpool are located here Main city is Mersey (Merseyside port) One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts

Flemish/Flanders

Coastal, flat area (speak Flemish-Dutch) 59% speak this

Basque Region

Created a guerilla army (ETA) Only covers 2,700 square miles and has less than 3 million people, unique language spoken nowhere else in the entire world and their culture is based off of this language Overlap into France but the Spanish are the only ones who are rebellious Heavy industry because the only coal field in Spain is located here

Bohemia

Czech Republic An important industrial area and Prague is a major manufacturing city

Ostrava

Czech Republic Major city in Moravia

Velvet Divorce

Czechoslovakia No fighting, no warfare, no deaths, amicable separation to have Czech Republic and Slovakia

Green Line

Dividing line of Cyprus

Saxon Triangle

Dresden, Leipzig, Chemnitz Coal coming in from Selisia

Four Differences Between East and West Ukraine

East is industrialized and has the Donets Basin (Donbas Manufacturing Region), urban, Russian Orthodox, Russian Language West is agricultural, rural, small towns, Catholic, Ukrainian language

West Yorkshire

East side of the Pennines Major cities are Sheffield, Leeds, and Bradford One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts

Carpathian Mountains

Eastern Europe Forms a sort of half-circle running across Slovakia and Romania

Elbe River

Elbe River flows out of the Czech Republic and Carpathian Mountains between the moraines and is navigable 2nd largest city of Hamburg

Great Britain

England, Scotland, Wales 88,000 sq miles

Rhone River Corridor

Expansion south to the Mediterranean, wanted the Pope's permission to invade southern France

Po River Basin

Extremely important and only includes 20% of the land area of Italy but contains 50% of Italy's population, 65% of Italy's manufacturing

Belgium Gate

Flat plain between Germany and France

Dnieper River

Flows from Russia through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea Kiev is a port city here

Vistula River

Flows into the Baltic Major port city called Gdansk/Danzig on the Vistula Delta Poland

Muslims

Followers of Islam

Oder-Neisse Rivers

Form the eastern boundary of Germany

Macedonia

Formerly part of Yugoslavia 2.1 million people, Slavic, 37% Albanian Muslim Landlocked Vardar-Morava corridor

Montenegro

Formerly part of Yugoslavia 644,000 people Coastline on the Adriatic Sea Joined NATO Mixed Serbian and Croats

Kosovo

Formerly part of Yugoslavia Muslim nation (96%) 150,000 Serbs are the minority Landlocked, only way out is Albania

Balkanization

Fragmentation of an area into smaller nation states, sometimes hostile to one another

Champagne-Reims

France 1st region conquered, major city is Reims (coronation city for all Kings and Queens)

Lorraine-Nancy

France Iron ore called minute 1853 becomes one of the major iron and steel producing regions, Nancy and Metz, Vosges

Rouen

France The head of navigation on the Siene river Farthest that ships can come inland on the Siene river.

Ile de France

France began in the Paris Basin (northern France) In the center is a region called the Ile de France

Seine River

French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel

Eire

Gaelic name of the Republic of Ireland

Neckar River

Germany Baden-Württemberg Main city is Stuttgart, Daimter-Benz Auto

Germanic Languages

Gothic origin and include German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, English (mixed with French, Latin and Celtic)

Viticulture

Growing grapes and turning it into wine

Gibraltar Peninsula

Has a limestone rock that rises 1,397 feet called the Rock of Gibraltar 2.5 square miles British owned, you could make 7 times more money in Gibraltar than in Spain

Ardennes

Hills raising up no higher than 1,600 ft elevation, sleep slopes, narrow valleys, dense forest 1940s Germany planned how to invade France

Magyars

Hungary was settled by this group of people from Siberia

Paris Basin

Ire de la Cite- the island of the city This is where Paris began Left and right bank: left bank became the student section where colleges were, right bank became the commercial manufacturing area

Celtic Tiger

Ireland Period of prosperity "Celtic Tiger" 1970-2007 the Celtic Tiger was booming

Saar

Iron and steel Allowed Lorraine and Alcas to become more important

Polders

Land that's beneath sea level, created new land by pumping water out, windmills and diesel engines Land reclaimed from the North Sea, 35% of the country Majority of the Netherlands would be underwater if it wasn't for the polders

Wallachian Plain

Large fertile plain found in Romania

Glasgow

Largest city in Scotland that is a port Clydeside

Habsburgs

Leading family in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, ruled Austria

Ruhr-Essen

Located on the Rhine River, coal field Main cities are Essen and Cologne Main industrial region of the entire world

Limon

Loess soil Reason why the Paris Basin is important

Four Motors of Europe

Lombardy in the Po River Basin of Italy Catalonia in Northern Spain Rhone-Alps Region Baden-Württemberg

Thames River Estuary

London sits on this

Seven German Industrial Regions

Lower Saxony Ruhr Saarland/Saar Rhine Main Confluence Upper Rhine Bavaria Saxon Triangle

Moravian Gate

Lowland corridor Connects the Mediterranean and the Baltic, Carpathian Mountains

Iberian Peninsula

Made up of Portugal and Spain Northern Spain is a Cfb climate Central Spain is Cba Mediterranean Spain is Csa Spots of Bsk

Vienna

Main city in Austria with 1.8 million people

Newcastle

Main city in Teeside-Tyneside Northeast England

Teeside-Tyneside

Main city is Newcastle; in Northeast England One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts

Naples

Main city of Mezzogiorno 3.7 million people

Liverpool-Merseyside

Main port city in Lancashire Merseyside Port Liverpool is where the Beatles are from

London Basin

Major industrial area in Great Britain 10 million people Sits on the Thames estuary

Katowice

Major industrial city in southern Poland

Thessaloniki

Major port at the end of the Vardar River Corridor 2nd largest city in Greece

Odesa

Major port city in Ukraine

Sardar River Corridor

Major river in Greece

Scottish Lowlands

Majority of the population; economic development because of the coal fields

Pannonia Basin

Mostly plain area in Hungary

Apennine Mountains

Mountain Range in Italy

Brenner Pass

Mountain pass through the Alps between Austria/Italy

Alps Mountains

Mountain range that extends in an arc from the Mediterranean coast through Switzerland and Austria

Bavaria

Munich Famous for beer/Octoberfest/BMW

Albanians

Muslims who live in Albania

Bosniaks

Muslims who live in the Balkans, especially in Bosnia

Rhineland-Cologne

Name of the territory in which Hitler sent troops into in defiance of the Versailles treaty in 1935

Irredentism

Nation wants to regain its "lost" nationals and the land the live on Example: Hungary wants land in Transylvania

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Created in 1949 by the US and its allies to oppose Communist Soviet Union

European Union

Not a political union, attempted to unify the economic system Motto: free movement of goods, ideas and people

Holland

Not the name of the country but rather a densely-settled area Very important economically and for the population

Hamburg

Number one port in Germany Lower Saxony

West Germany

Occupied by the Allies

East Germany

Occupied by the Russians

Euro

Official common currency of the EU

Andalusia-Seville

On the Guadalquivir River Area in southern Spain

Silesia

One of the great manufacturing regions of Europe with its huge coal field Germany lost it and never got it back

Midlands-Birmingham

One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts Greatest region of them all Major city is Birmingham; iron and steel; obsolete

Padania

Padania is an alternative name for the Po Valley, a major plain in the north of Italy Political Party calling for a new country

Scotland

Part of the UK and Great Britain 5.3 million Cool climate with high humidity, very little sunlight Edinburg is the capital city

Ethnic Cleansing

People were destroying others based on race or religion Serbians trying to exterminate Bosniaks 250,000 Bosniaks murdered

Slovenians

Peoples of Slovenia Orthodox Christians

Durres

Port city in Albania

Rijeka

Port city on the Adriatic Sea Csa Climate

Clydeside

Port of Glasgow, Scotland One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts

Genoa

Port that exports goods all over the world Italy

Corsica

Problem for France Belongs to French, learn French in school, but speak Italian, city of Ajaccio (1769 Napoleon was born there)

Provence-Marseille

Provence has a Csa climate and along the coast is the Riviera, city of Nice Marseille and Nice are east of the Rhone

Vojvodina

Province of Serbia Wants to rejoin Hungary

Frankfurt

Rhine Main Confluence and Upper Rhine Frankfurt- headquarters of the Americans

Manchester

Rich cotton-manufacturing city in England Lancashire

Cuestas

Ridges, 6 of them Protected Paris from the Germans on the other side of the Rhine

Ebro River

River in North Spain that flows into the Mediterranean in Catalonia Main city is Barcelona Very important for Madrid

Croatians

Roman Catholic and Latin speaking people of Croatia Slavic and Roman Catholic

Romance Languages

Roman Empire Latin origin including Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, French

Transylvania

Romania Has 1.7 million Magyars, on the Western side of the Carpathian Mountains

Slavic Languages

Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Bulgarian

Randstad

Says the cities can grow towards one another but leave the interior open Includes Amsterdam, Utrecht, Rotterdam, and The Hague

Aberdeen

Scotland A hub for the oil industry (200,000 people), economic development

Four Political Subdivisions of the United Kingdom

Scotland England Wales Northern Ireland (Ulster

Seven Nations of Yugoslavia

Serbia Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Slovenia Bosnia-Herzegovinian Croatia

Czechs

Slavs of Bohemia

Walloons

The French speaking people of Southern Belgium French dialect that 40% speak

Dayton Accords

The NATO peace plan for Bosnia instituted by the Clinton Administration

Supranationalism

The association of three or more states for mutual benefit Ex: European Union and NATO

Lisbon

The capital and has the best harbor in Europe

Munich

The capital and largest city of Bavaria in southeastern Germany

Amsterdam

The capital and main city with 1.7 million people Port city 1932 they built a dyke and prevented any more salt water from flowing in, eventually turned this into freshwater

Mezzogiorno (Southern Italy)

The land of the future that never arrives Where the Mafia began Main city is Naples Poor

Ancona Line

The line/border between Padroni (North Italy) and Mezzogiorno (Southern Italy)

Lyon

The main city of the Rhone-Alps Region One of the four major motors (high tech industries), includes Lyon and Grenoble

Bosnia-Herzegovina

They have 3.8 million people Population is divided into 3 basic groups: Bosniaks (Muslim, 41%), Serbians (Orthodox Christians, 37%), Croats (Catholics, 16%)

Dniester River

This river's source is in the Carpathians and it drains into the Black Sea Forms part of the border between Ukraine and Moldova

Calabria

Toe of the boot, Sicily, Sardinia, North to Rome

Riviera

Tourism on the French Riveria

Devolution

Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments

Republic of Transdniestra

Trying to secede from Moldova Less than 900,000 people Asked to be made part of Russia

Donets Basin (Donbas)

Ukraine East is industrialized and has this manufacturing region in it

Enosis

Union of Cyprus with Greece

Anschluss

Union of Germany and Austria in 1933 The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938

Balearic Islands

Very rich islands from tourism Majorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera

Celtic Languages

Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Breton

Sheffield

West Yorkshire England Metal goods

Languedoc

Western area of the Rhone, more sediment causes ports to be farther inland