Geography Exam 4
Piedmont-Turin
1.7 million people Fiat
Prague
1.8 million people Capital of Czech Republic
Roma (Gypsies)
11 million in Europe India to Iran to Europe
Russians
13% of Moldova Ethnic group from Russia
Ukrainians
13% of Moldova Ethnic group from Ukraine
Potato Blight
1840s the Irish were living off of potatoes, about 10 million people living there "Irish Potato Famine" In 1841 they lost 10% of the crops, in 1842 they lost 25% of the crops, in 1846 they lost 90% of the crops 1 million Irish died and 2 million left Ireland Nobody from England assisted them which was the root of the problems between the Irish and the English
Doctrine of Self Determination
1919 Austria
United Kingdom
2 Islands- British Isles (Ireland and Great Britain) Includes Scotland, England, Wales, Northern Ireland (Ulster) which is on the Ireland island 94,578 sq miles; 63.7 million people Capital is London, England
Wales
3.0 million; 8,019 sq miles Celtic/Gaelic Part of the UK and Great Britain
Moldavia (Moldova)
4.1 million people Landlocked Once was part of Romania 70% Romanian, 13% Russian, 13% Ukrainian
Lombardy-Milan
5.2 million; high tech One of the four motors of Europe Northern Italy
Slovakia-Bratislava
5.4 million people Danube River defines its southern boundary Bratislava is the capital with 1.2 million people 10% of its population is Hungarian, Hungary wants it back called irredentism
England
53.6 million Main country in Great Britain London is the Capital
Catalonia (Barcelona)
7.9 million people, main city is Barcelona with 5.2 million people Covers 6% of the land area of Spain, 17% of the population, 25% of all exports are from Catalonia, 40% of manufacturing exports are produced there One of the four motors of Europe
Three Ethnic Groups of Moldova
70% Romanian 13% Russian 13% Ukrainian
Azores Islands
740 miles into the Atlantic Great place for American planes to land
Crete
A Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea Southeast of Greece
Nation State
A centralized political system, with recognized borders and territory, which governs its population
Microstates
A country of less than 1,000 sq miles 7 microstates: Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta, San Marino, Monaco, Vatican City
Centrifugal Forces
A force that divides people and countries Ex: Catalonia in Spain
Centripetal Forces
A force that unites a country Ex: Education systems where everyone is being educated at the same age and people believe they will end up thinking the same way, belief that they can assimilate anyone
Pyrenees Mountains
A mountain range that extends along the border between France and Spain
Gdansk (Danzig)
A port city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea
South Tyrol
A predominantly German-speaking region of northern Italy
Meseta-Madrid
A rather new city in Spain (18th century) Capital city with 7.1 million people Meseta Plateau (75%), dry conditions Ebro River is important for Madrid
Shatter Belt
A region under pressure from outside political/cultural forces that can fragment the region (West is Democracy and industrialization; East is Russian power with military and political dominance)
Rhine River
A river in Western Europe that flows from eastern Switzerland into the North Sea
Tosks
Albania is made up of 2 groups: Gegs and _________ (Tribal Muslims)
Gegs
Albania is made up of 2 groups: _______ and Tosks (Tribal Muslims)
Alsace-Strasbourg
Alsace backs up to the Rhine River, city of Strasburg Alsace Lorraine- moved between German and French control
Vosges Mountains
Alsace, France
Minoan Civilization
An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E.
Moravia
An important manufacturing area because part of the Silesian coal field is there Major city called Ostrava
Antwerp
An international port city on Belgium's River Scheldt
Sicily
An island in the Mediterranean Sea off the southwest tip of the Italian peninsula
Sardinia
An island that belongs to Italy located northwest of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea
Guadalquivir River
Andalusia, main city is Seville
Ulster (Northern Ireland)
Another name for Northern Ireland 1.8 million people
Gaelic
Any of the Celtic family of languages spoken in Ireland or Scotland
Innsbruck
Austria City in the Alps
Stuttgart
Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Romanians
Balkan people that speak a Romance Language 70% of Moldova
Trieste
Barely in Italian territory, used to be a great naval port for the Austrian-Hungarian
Zuider Zee
Bay area of Netherlands is called Ijssel Meer or Zuider Zee
Rhine Delta
Benelux (Belgium and Netherlands)
Carcassonne Gap
Between the Massif Central and Pyrenees Connects the Aquitaine Basin with Languedoc, Bordeaux port 100 Years War- 1453 using new technology
Rotterdam
Biggest and busiest port in Europe
Serbians
Bosnia-Herzegovina Trying to exterminate Bosniaks 250,000 Bosniaks murdered; Sarajevo was under siege for many years and ended the fighting
Three Ethnic Groups of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bosniaks (Muslim, 41%) Serbians (Orthodox Christians, 37%) Croats (Catholics, 16%)
Brussels
Capital and headquarters of NATO
Rome
Capital and largest city of Italy
Athens/Piraeus
Capital is Athens with 3.5 million people
Sarajevo
Capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina
Zagreb
Capital of Croatia
Berlin
Capital of Germany Split into East and West
Budapest
Capital of Hungary
Dublin
Capital of Ireland
Belfast
Capital of Northern Ireland
Warsaw
Capital of Poland Close to the center of the country
Bucharest
Capital of Romania
Edinburgh
Capital of Scotland and the cultural center
Belgrade
Capital of Serbia
Kiev
Capital of Ukraine On the Dnieper River
Cardiff
Capital of Wales South Wales Coal Field: one of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts
Aquitaine-Bordeaux
Carcassonne Gap connects the Aquitaine Basin with Languedoc Bordeaux port is a port
Pennine Mountains
Caused the coal fields to come closer to the surface England
Three Subgroups of the Indo-European Languages
Celtic Germanic Romance
Industrial Revolution
Changed the source of energy from human/animal power to inanimate power (coal), invention of the steam engine
Six Rustbelt Industrial Regions of the United Kingdom
Clydeside Teeside-Tyneside West Yorkshire Lancashire Midlands South Wales Coalfield
Somber-Meuse Valley
Coal Field- Rust Belt
Lancashire
Coal field Manchester and Liverpool are located here Main city is Mersey (Merseyside port) One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts
Flemish/Flanders
Coastal, flat area (speak Flemish-Dutch) 59% speak this
Basque Region
Created a guerilla army (ETA) Only covers 2,700 square miles and has less than 3 million people, unique language spoken nowhere else in the entire world and their culture is based off of this language Overlap into France but the Spanish are the only ones who are rebellious Heavy industry because the only coal field in Spain is located here
Bohemia
Czech Republic An important industrial area and Prague is a major manufacturing city
Ostrava
Czech Republic Major city in Moravia
Velvet Divorce
Czechoslovakia No fighting, no warfare, no deaths, amicable separation to have Czech Republic and Slovakia
Green Line
Dividing line of Cyprus
Saxon Triangle
Dresden, Leipzig, Chemnitz Coal coming in from Selisia
Four Differences Between East and West Ukraine
East is industrialized and has the Donets Basin (Donbas Manufacturing Region), urban, Russian Orthodox, Russian Language West is agricultural, rural, small towns, Catholic, Ukrainian language
West Yorkshire
East side of the Pennines Major cities are Sheffield, Leeds, and Bradford One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts
Carpathian Mountains
Eastern Europe Forms a sort of half-circle running across Slovakia and Romania
Elbe River
Elbe River flows out of the Czech Republic and Carpathian Mountains between the moraines and is navigable 2nd largest city of Hamburg
Great Britain
England, Scotland, Wales 88,000 sq miles
Rhone River Corridor
Expansion south to the Mediterranean, wanted the Pope's permission to invade southern France
Po River Basin
Extremely important and only includes 20% of the land area of Italy but contains 50% of Italy's population, 65% of Italy's manufacturing
Belgium Gate
Flat plain between Germany and France
Dnieper River
Flows from Russia through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea Kiev is a port city here
Vistula River
Flows into the Baltic Major port city called Gdansk/Danzig on the Vistula Delta Poland
Muslims
Followers of Islam
Oder-Neisse Rivers
Form the eastern boundary of Germany
Macedonia
Formerly part of Yugoslavia 2.1 million people, Slavic, 37% Albanian Muslim Landlocked Vardar-Morava corridor
Montenegro
Formerly part of Yugoslavia 644,000 people Coastline on the Adriatic Sea Joined NATO Mixed Serbian and Croats
Kosovo
Formerly part of Yugoslavia Muslim nation (96%) 150,000 Serbs are the minority Landlocked, only way out is Albania
Balkanization
Fragmentation of an area into smaller nation states, sometimes hostile to one another
Champagne-Reims
France 1st region conquered, major city is Reims (coronation city for all Kings and Queens)
Lorraine-Nancy
France Iron ore called minute 1853 becomes one of the major iron and steel producing regions, Nancy and Metz, Vosges
Rouen
France The head of navigation on the Siene river Farthest that ships can come inland on the Siene river.
Ile de France
France began in the Paris Basin (northern France) In the center is a region called the Ile de France
Seine River
French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel
Eire
Gaelic name of the Republic of Ireland
Neckar River
Germany Baden-Württemberg Main city is Stuttgart, Daimter-Benz Auto
Germanic Languages
Gothic origin and include German, Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, English (mixed with French, Latin and Celtic)
Viticulture
Growing grapes and turning it into wine
Gibraltar Peninsula
Has a limestone rock that rises 1,397 feet called the Rock of Gibraltar 2.5 square miles British owned, you could make 7 times more money in Gibraltar than in Spain
Ardennes
Hills raising up no higher than 1,600 ft elevation, sleep slopes, narrow valleys, dense forest 1940s Germany planned how to invade France
Magyars
Hungary was settled by this group of people from Siberia
Paris Basin
Ire de la Cite- the island of the city This is where Paris began Left and right bank: left bank became the student section where colleges were, right bank became the commercial manufacturing area
Celtic Tiger
Ireland Period of prosperity "Celtic Tiger" 1970-2007 the Celtic Tiger was booming
Saar
Iron and steel Allowed Lorraine and Alcas to become more important
Polders
Land that's beneath sea level, created new land by pumping water out, windmills and diesel engines Land reclaimed from the North Sea, 35% of the country Majority of the Netherlands would be underwater if it wasn't for the polders
Wallachian Plain
Large fertile plain found in Romania
Glasgow
Largest city in Scotland that is a port Clydeside
Habsburgs
Leading family in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, ruled Austria
Ruhr-Essen
Located on the Rhine River, coal field Main cities are Essen and Cologne Main industrial region of the entire world
Limon
Loess soil Reason why the Paris Basin is important
Four Motors of Europe
Lombardy in the Po River Basin of Italy Catalonia in Northern Spain Rhone-Alps Region Baden-Württemberg
Thames River Estuary
London sits on this
Seven German Industrial Regions
Lower Saxony Ruhr Saarland/Saar Rhine Main Confluence Upper Rhine Bavaria Saxon Triangle
Moravian Gate
Lowland corridor Connects the Mediterranean and the Baltic, Carpathian Mountains
Iberian Peninsula
Made up of Portugal and Spain Northern Spain is a Cfb climate Central Spain is Cba Mediterranean Spain is Csa Spots of Bsk
Vienna
Main city in Austria with 1.8 million people
Newcastle
Main city in Teeside-Tyneside Northeast England
Teeside-Tyneside
Main city is Newcastle; in Northeast England One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts
Naples
Main city of Mezzogiorno 3.7 million people
Liverpool-Merseyside
Main port city in Lancashire Merseyside Port Liverpool is where the Beatles are from
London Basin
Major industrial area in Great Britain 10 million people Sits on the Thames estuary
Katowice
Major industrial city in southern Poland
Thessaloniki
Major port at the end of the Vardar River Corridor 2nd largest city in Greece
Odesa
Major port city in Ukraine
Sardar River Corridor
Major river in Greece
Scottish Lowlands
Majority of the population; economic development because of the coal fields
Pannonia Basin
Mostly plain area in Hungary
Apennine Mountains
Mountain Range in Italy
Brenner Pass
Mountain pass through the Alps between Austria/Italy
Alps Mountains
Mountain range that extends in an arc from the Mediterranean coast through Switzerland and Austria
Bavaria
Munich Famous for beer/Octoberfest/BMW
Albanians
Muslims who live in Albania
Bosniaks
Muslims who live in the Balkans, especially in Bosnia
Rhineland-Cologne
Name of the territory in which Hitler sent troops into in defiance of the Versailles treaty in 1935
Irredentism
Nation wants to regain its "lost" nationals and the land the live on Example: Hungary wants land in Transylvania
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization Created in 1949 by the US and its allies to oppose Communist Soviet Union
European Union
Not a political union, attempted to unify the economic system Motto: free movement of goods, ideas and people
Holland
Not the name of the country but rather a densely-settled area Very important economically and for the population
Hamburg
Number one port in Germany Lower Saxony
West Germany
Occupied by the Allies
East Germany
Occupied by the Russians
Euro
Official common currency of the EU
Andalusia-Seville
On the Guadalquivir River Area in southern Spain
Silesia
One of the great manufacturing regions of Europe with its huge coal field Germany lost it and never got it back
Midlands-Birmingham
One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts Greatest region of them all Major city is Birmingham; iron and steel; obsolete
Padania
Padania is an alternative name for the Po Valley, a major plain in the north of Italy Political Party calling for a new country
Scotland
Part of the UK and Great Britain 5.3 million Cool climate with high humidity, very little sunlight Edinburg is the capital city
Ethnic Cleansing
People were destroying others based on race or religion Serbians trying to exterminate Bosniaks 250,000 Bosniaks murdered
Slovenians
Peoples of Slovenia Orthodox Christians
Durres
Port city in Albania
Rijeka
Port city on the Adriatic Sea Csa Climate
Clydeside
Port of Glasgow, Scotland One of the six of Great Britain's Rust Belts
Genoa
Port that exports goods all over the world Italy
Corsica
Problem for France Belongs to French, learn French in school, but speak Italian, city of Ajaccio (1769 Napoleon was born there)
Provence-Marseille
Provence has a Csa climate and along the coast is the Riviera, city of Nice Marseille and Nice are east of the Rhone
Vojvodina
Province of Serbia Wants to rejoin Hungary
Frankfurt
Rhine Main Confluence and Upper Rhine Frankfurt- headquarters of the Americans
Manchester
Rich cotton-manufacturing city in England Lancashire
Cuestas
Ridges, 6 of them Protected Paris from the Germans on the other side of the Rhine
Ebro River
River in North Spain that flows into the Mediterranean in Catalonia Main city is Barcelona Very important for Madrid
Croatians
Roman Catholic and Latin speaking people of Croatia Slavic and Roman Catholic
Romance Languages
Roman Empire Latin origin including Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, French
Transylvania
Romania Has 1.7 million Magyars, on the Western side of the Carpathian Mountains
Slavic Languages
Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Bulgarian
Randstad
Says the cities can grow towards one another but leave the interior open Includes Amsterdam, Utrecht, Rotterdam, and The Hague
Aberdeen
Scotland A hub for the oil industry (200,000 people), economic development
Four Political Subdivisions of the United Kingdom
Scotland England Wales Northern Ireland (Ulster
Seven Nations of Yugoslavia
Serbia Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Slovenia Bosnia-Herzegovinian Croatia
Czechs
Slavs of Bohemia
Walloons
The French speaking people of Southern Belgium French dialect that 40% speak
Dayton Accords
The NATO peace plan for Bosnia instituted by the Clinton Administration
Supranationalism
The association of three or more states for mutual benefit Ex: European Union and NATO
Lisbon
The capital and has the best harbor in Europe
Munich
The capital and largest city of Bavaria in southeastern Germany
Amsterdam
The capital and main city with 1.7 million people Port city 1932 they built a dyke and prevented any more salt water from flowing in, eventually turned this into freshwater
Mezzogiorno (Southern Italy)
The land of the future that never arrives Where the Mafia began Main city is Naples Poor
Ancona Line
The line/border between Padroni (North Italy) and Mezzogiorno (Southern Italy)
Lyon
The main city of the Rhone-Alps Region One of the four major motors (high tech industries), includes Lyon and Grenoble
Bosnia-Herzegovina
They have 3.8 million people Population is divided into 3 basic groups: Bosniaks (Muslim, 41%), Serbians (Orthodox Christians, 37%), Croats (Catholics, 16%)
Dniester River
This river's source is in the Carpathians and it drains into the Black Sea Forms part of the border between Ukraine and Moldova
Calabria
Toe of the boot, Sicily, Sardinia, North to Rome
Riviera
Tourism on the French Riveria
Devolution
Transferring responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments
Republic of Transdniestra
Trying to secede from Moldova Less than 900,000 people Asked to be made part of Russia
Donets Basin (Donbas)
Ukraine East is industrialized and has this manufacturing region in it
Enosis
Union of Cyprus with Greece
Anschluss
Union of Germany and Austria in 1933 The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938
Balearic Islands
Very rich islands from tourism Majorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera
Celtic Languages
Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Breton
Sheffield
West Yorkshire England Metal goods
Languedoc
Western area of the Rhone, more sediment causes ports to be farther inland