Geography: Final Review

Mapping: Names that Do Not make any sense! -Minneapolis: What do "Minn" and "polis" mean? -Thermopolis: What does "Therm" mean? -Annapolis: What does "Anna" mean?

-"Minn"-Minnesota; "polis"-city; basically "Minnesota City". -"Therm"-heat; "polis"-city; city is home to a famous Geyser-spews hot water. -"Anne"-Queen Anne of England; "polis"-city

Ideas of Determinism and Possibilism changed throughout the ___, ___, and ___ centuries.

-19th, 20th, and 21st

Mapping: -Maps are ___% geography, and ___% other things: Explain! -How do geographers view maps differently?

-20%; 80% -Love, hate, loyalty, brilliance, idiocy, chaos, logic, altruism, greed. -Geographers see the human condition (stories) in maps, not just geography.

-Mental Maps: Explain; examples? -What part of the United States is a kind of mental map? -What does "Heartland" mean?

-A cognitive map; how you take a landscape and rearrange it to make it appeal to you. Ex:) Your neighborhood; everyone sees it differently, but it's the same neighborhood. -The USA's Heartland: the exact boundaries of the Heartland are never quite clear because it's a mental map; accepted as Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri-states in the middle of the country. -Central to life-most central organ; it's critical for life. People say to "listen to your heart"-we believe that our heart will tell us the truth. It's solid, unchanging, slow, calm; the opposite of New York.

Cultural Geography: Definition? -The landscape ____ to us-basically, every landscape has a ______. -Our landscape affects __, and we __ it. -Our last names can indicate our connection to a landscape: Examples? -Our last names can also indicate your ancestor's occupation: Examples?

-All the shared and learned values imbedded in a landscape. -Speaks; story. -us; affect. -Fields; Rivers; Woods; etc. -Smith; Cooper; Taylor; etc.

Culture: Definition? -Humans would not be humans without _____. -At the time of birth, you immediately go through _________-we all know who George Washington is because he is a part of our American culture. -Most people get their _____ from their families.

-All the shared and learned values transmitted through generations. -Culture -Enculturation -Religion

Possibilism: -What does it argue? -Is this a modern day view? -What makes us so possibilistic?

-Argues that "the landscape in which one lives is merely a suggestion as to how one lives". -Yes, this is what we live by today. -Technology-unlike 100 years ago, today we can change parts of our environment to make certain parts more convenient to us.

Determinism: -What does it argue? -Came about in the early ___ century. -When the _____ ______ began, the Earth (and America) were affected by a technology that changed the way we looked at the world: the _______.

-Argues that one "must accept realities of your landscape". -Came about in the early 19th century. -When the industrial revolution began, the Earth (and America) were affected by a technology that changed the way we looked at the world: the Railroad.

In the 20th century, the inventions of the ________ and the ____ further changed how efficiently people could travel.

-Automobile -Plane

Mapping: Names that Do make sense: -The Banana Republic: What countries make up the Banana Republic? -Discretionary Income: We had extra money to buy things, and we wanted to buy an exotic fruit. -The Banana debuted at the ____ _____ in the 1880's. -American demand for Bananas became _____. -Chiquita Banana (United Fruit): Had massive _________. -Banana pickers revolted from time to time and started revolutions; Americans sent in the Marines to rough up the banana pickers and get them to do their jobs again. -Americans used the term "Banana Republic" to describe a place where ______ grew and the people were always ______, which the Americans thought was weird.

-Cuba, Panama, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Guatemala; etc. -Huge -Plantations -Bananas; revolted

-We study _____, because it gives us the ability to study ______: Definition? -Culture is what gives ____ meaning. -We see things the way we see them because of our _____-ex: a __ is a ___ because we are ____ it's a ___. -It's fun (and also overwhelming and stressful) to visit foreign places because you have to process all new ______. -Without symbols, life would be _____.

-Culture; symbols. -Gives meaning to the abstract. -Life -Culture; a map is a map because we are taught it's a map. -Symbols -Chaotic

Lost in Tokyo! -Cry!!!!!!! -Tokyo is _____ the size of NY. -___% of the streets in Tokyo do/do not have names. -Americans mandated that certain streets have names after ____. -The key to navigating Tokyo is the ______ and the _____. -Like London, no one can "know" Tokyo-it's impossible. -Tokyo's subway system is ____ ______, as are the trains; every train has a ______. -Japanese are really ____; they will lose ____ if they can't answer your question.

-Double -90%; do NOT -WW2 -Subway; train -Color coded; melody -Polite; face

Mapping, revisited: -Maps are ______: they're always changing. -Population Center: Explain! -Census every ____ years-U.S. required to take a census of the population; one of the first American ____. -Census looks for the ______ ______-to find where people are moving to. -Examples: (3; where?)

-Dynamic -A theoretical (imaginary) point that puts a land mass into equilibrium. -10 years; laws. -Population Center -1800: Located 40 miles west of Baltimore; 1900: Columbus, Indiana; 2000: Joplin, Missouri.

21st: -How do we view the world today, travel/technology wise? -Defining technology of the 21st century: -What is the internet doing to the world?

-Flat; with the advancement of technology in the 21st century, travel became incredibly simple. It is now easy to navigate the world. -The internet-connects people all over the world and increased the speed of communication. -It is creating a level playing field-if something happens to one country, everyone knows and is affected by it.

Geography: The Grid Revisited: -As street numbers (increase/decrease) in NYC, you are going (N/S/E/W): -North and South are physical geography, because they eventually ____ at the Poles. -East and West do/do not end. -North and South: measured by the ________ _______. -East and West: measured by the _______ _______:

-Increase: north -Decrease: south -End -Do NOT -International Dateline -Prime Meridian

SC:M:COK: -Consciousness of Kind increases/decreases as distance increases. -You become more aware of how _______ you are from another country.

-Increases

SC:M:L: Regionalisms: -A word/phrase that is ______ specific. -Example: -Can only be understood within the context of a certain landscape. -English is different in ________than _______.

-Landscape -"Bubbler"="water fountain" in the United State's Midwest. -America; Britain

Subculture: Measurement: Consciousness of Kind: -When you're conscious of a ________. -Landscape connects us to _____. -We start to feel like we _____ somewhere-COK invokes a kind of ______ ___ _______ in us. -Example: -What else connects us to a landscape?:

-Landscape -Food -Belong; awareness of belonging. -Ex:) Something belongs your comfort food because it reminds you of home; or of your family, or of a happy part of your past. -Sports.

Maps: Literally -Bad type of map (on side wall of classroom): What is it called? -Who created it? -Good type of map (in front of room): What is it called? -Who created it?

-Mercator Projection -Gerhand Mercator-first projection; map 1600s (grossly distorted). -Robinson Projection -Geographer at the University of Wisconsin named Arthur Robinson; figured out a better way to project a sphere onto a flat surface in 1967.

Subculture: Measure: Language: -There are 4 patterns to language: What are they?

-National Tongue -Regionalisms -Accents -Dialect

Geography: Physical vs. Cultural: -Physical Landscape: Explain! -Cultural Landscape: Explain!

-Natural landscape untouched by humans. -Landscape affected by humans-human imprint.

-Doldrums: Definition! -Implies positivity/negativity: -Listless; lethargic; shows lack of _______. -Actually a geographical condition when the ocean becomes extremely ____. -Terrified sailors in the 1800s. -Sailor's biggest fear was (ironically) running out of _____. -The Doldrums are the same things are the ______ ______. -Famous poem written about Doldrums by _______.

-No movement -Negativity -Emotion -Calm -Drinking water -Horse Latitudes -Coleridge

SC:M:L: Accents: -A matter of ________: -Example:

-Pronunciation; something sounds different in a different landscape. -The Long Island accent: composed of three dialects: Italian, Irish, and Jewish; how people talked in NYC 100 years ago.

SC:M:L: Dialect: -A combination of _______ and ______. -Someone may speak your landscape, but a difference in regionalism and accents makes them difficult to understand.

-Regionalism; accents

SC:M:L: National Tongue: -Most obvious; tongue spoken on a ____ basis.

-Regular

SC:M:COK: -Sports: can also connect us to a landscape; people see sports as a matter of geography; people even get _____ about it. -For Americans, landscape is how you pick a sports team. -In England, you used to pick sports teams based on religions: Rangers; Celtics: Explain! -You can also be linked to a landscape based on (4):

-Religious -Rangers: Protestant (Queen); Celtics: Roman Catholic (Pope). -Fashion; accent; language; food.

19th: -How was the world thought to be in the 19th century, travel/technology wise?

-Round; it was believed to be almost impossible to cross/travel.

Subculture: Measurement: Visibility: -You can ___ a landscape. -Sensual Geography: Explain! -We use these 5 senses to help us figure out where we are. -Example:

-See -We navigate a place with our 5 senses; (sight, touch, smell, taste, hear). -Ex:) If you smell fish, see and hear the Japanese language, chances are you're in Japan.

Mapping: Names that Do Not make any sense! -Maryland: What is the story behind it? -Who do people think it's named after? -Who is it really named after? -Who named it? And who was involved?

-Should be pronounced "Mary-land"; founded by Catholics. -People think it's named after Mary Tudor. -The Virgin Mary: Maryland was America's first Catholic state. -Named by Lord Baltimore: A Catholic, Lord Baltimore was a friend of Queen Anne ("Annapolis" Queen Anne), and wanted Catholics to have a safe place to go; Anne suggested Maryland, which Baltimore named after the Virgin Mary because the Catholic people living there could identify with her and feel safe there.

Geographers realized that Earth was ______, and that we could _____ the landscape to _________ us. -This is reminiscent of what kind of view (Determinism or Possibilism?)

-Shrinking -Change -Accommodate

Mapping: -What are maps? Do they only show you how to get from point A to point B, or are they more than that?

-Simply, maps help you navigate. But they are also works of art.

Culture: Dominant Culture and Subculture: -Dominant culture: Explain! -Example: -Subculture: Explain! -Example:

-Society's overall imprint. -American Flag: most dominant cultural symbol in America. -Groups maintaining recognizable patterns within a landscape; localized imprint. -Churches-religion is a clear indicator of a subculture.

Lost in New York City! -MORON!!!!!!! (jk) -Thomas Jefferson: He was a ______; gave a geographic gift to the American landscape: the ___ ______. -New York City is just one big ___-this makes it very easy to navigate. -However, it's understandable to get a little confused with the city's _____ _____: that thing can be crazy!

-Surveyor; grid system. -Grid -Subway system

The Railroad, the _____, and the _____ all changed the way we viewed the world.

-Telegraph -Telephone

20th: -How was the world thought to be in the 20th century, travel/technology wise? -What are some examples of the technological changed that occurred during this time?

-The Earth shrank; the Earth began to shrink in the 20th century as technology advanced and changed the way people saw the world. -The automobile, the telephone, the telegraph.

Globalization: Explain! -__% of everything we use is/is not from here. - Most things are/are not American-made -What are the 4 universal (globalized) types of food?

-The world has become intertwined- all products, materials, food, music, clothing, etc. come from different parts of the world. -90%; is NOT -Is NOT -Italian food (pizza); Chinese food (take-out); American food (fast-food, specifically); Japanese food (sushi, specifically).

-Terra Incognita: Definition! -Examples:

-Unknown territory to you. -Ex:) One's home in terra incognita to a stranger.

Lost in London! -Give up!!!!!!! -London is very __________: no one can ever really "know" London-except maybe ____ ______. -Taxi Drivers take a test called "___ __________" which takes ___ years to study for. -Unlike in New York, London Taxi Drivers are respected and seen as professionals.

-Unorganized -Taxi drivers -"The Knowledge" -4 years

Subculture: -Geographical subculture measurement: you can measure subculture by (3): Explain!

-Visible -Consciousness of kind -Language

-Towns in England: last syllable indicates a main part of the town: Examples! -Americans named towns upstate after great ______ cities so the English would see how _____ and _________ they were.

-ing= people -ton= fort/enclosure -ham= farm -Bing-ham-ton (people's-farm-fort) -European; classy; knowledgeable