GEOL1114 Quizzes Part 3/3

In the figure below, which letters represent the wave height and wavelength, respectively? a) B and E b) E and D c) B and C d) C and E

a) B and E

A coast that grows seaward as a result of regular sedimentation is a(n) __________. a) accretionary coast b) erosional coast c) coastal plain d) active continental margin

a) accretionary coast

Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is ________. a) concentrated along the headlands b) evenly distributed along the length of the coast c) the same as it would be along a more regularly shaped coastline d) greatest in bays and embayments

a) concentrated along the headlands

Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is ________. a) concentrated along the headlands b) the same as it would be along a more regularly shaped coastline c) greatest in bays and embayments d) evenly distributed along the length of the coast

a) concentrated along the headlands

The volume of groundwater flow over a given time per unit area through a body of rock or sediment is called a) discharge. b) confined flow. c) recharge. d) head.

a) discharge.

Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park is an example of a(n)___________. a) geyser b) artesian well c) karst landscape d) hot spring

a) geyser

Common features in caves include stalactites, which _______ and stalagmites, which ________. a) grow down from the ceiling; grow up from the floor b) grow near the mouth of the cave; grow deep in caves where light never penetrates c) grow above the water table; grow below the water table d) grow up from the floor; grow down from the ceiling

a) grow down from the ceiling; grow up from the floor

The major surface currents on the Earth that display a circle-like path and follow the ocean basin margins are known as __________. a) gyres b) pools c) lochs d) eddies

a) gyres

An aquifer has ________ porosity and ________ permeability. a) high; high b) high; low c) low; high d) low; low

a) high; high

Near which feature on the seafloor would you be most likely to find fracture zones characterized by oceanic transform faults? a) linking segments of C b) within A c) cutting through F d) below E

a) linking segments of C

As waves approach the shore, they ________. a) refract so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner b) are reflected off the shoreline but never refract c) reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approach the shoreline d) refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline

a) refract so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner

The collapse of the land surface into an underground cavern results in a feature called a a) sinkhole. b) contaminant plume. c) cone of depression. d) disappearing stream.

a) sinkhole.

What is the term for the global-scale slow movement of ocean water masses, in which cold, salty surface water sinks to the seafloor and warm equatorial water moves toward the poles? a) thermohaline circulation b) gyre circulation c) Ekman transport d) upwelling

a) thermohaline circulation

Approximately how much of our global freshwater resources are supplied by groundwater? a) two-thirds b) one-half c) three-quarters d) one-quarter

a) two-thirds

How does tidal range vary among different coastlines around the globe? a) Tidal range is greatest along the Equator and gets lower toward the North and South Poles. b) Some places have little or no tidal range; others have a tidal range of many meters. c) The tidal range is the same everywhere. d) Tidal range is greater in the Northern Hemisphere.

b) Some places have little or no tidal range; others have a tidal range of many meters.

Hard water results from relatively high concentrations of dissolved ________. a) potassium b) calcium and magnesium c) sodium and lithium d) sodium

b) calcium and magnesium

As a rule, groundwater always flows from areas of ________. a) lower hydraulic head to those of greater hydraulic head b) greater hydraulic head to those of lesser hydraulic head c) greater land elevation to those of lesser land elevation d) lesser land elevation to those of greater land elevation

b) greater hydraulic head to those of lesser hydraulic head

An aquifer has ________ porosity and ________ permeability. a) low; low b) high; high c) high; low d) low; high

b) high; high

The process of reef bleaching occurs when __________. a) reefs lose their color following sedimentation due to a large storm b) reefs lose their color and die in response to warming of seawater c) reefs are exposed to too much sunlight d) overfishing causes a decrease in species diversity

b) reefs lose their color and die in response to warming of seawater

As waves approach the shore, they ________. a) refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline b) refract so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner c) are reflected off the shoreline but never refract d) reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approach the shoreline

b) refract so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner

Which of the following features is characteristic of a rocky coast? a) sand spits b) sea stacks c) accretionary prisms d) lagoons

b) sea stacks

Which of the following is the BEST example of an organic coast? a) gently sloping, well-developed beach b) shallow coral reef c) wave-cut platform d) shoreline that has just received beach nourishment

b) shallow coral reef

Hot springs can be formed by the heating of groundwater by magma or by ________. a) heating by the core b) the geothermal gradient c) decompression heating d) infrared heating by the Sun

b) the geothermal gradient

Beaches are constantly moving in the direction of ________. a) downwelling b) the longshore current c) the Coriolis effect d) the open ocean

b) the longshore current

If a beach is in an east-west orientation and the waves are approaching the shore from the southwest, as shown in this figure, in which direction will the longshore current be moving? a) to the southeast b) to the east c) to the south d) to the west

b) to the east

For a well to function properly, it must be drilled below the water table and into a(n) _________. a) spring b) geyser c) aquifer d) aquitard

c) aquifer

The water table surface mimics the topography in an area because ________. a) groundwater cannot penetrate below aquitards b) the permeability is lowest in hilly areas c) groundwater flow rates are so low d) hydraulic head forces it to stay close to the surface

c) groundwater flow rates are so low

Land subsidence is likely when ________. a) the water table raises b) the calcium and magnesium content of groundwater increases c) lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse d) groundwater recharge occurs

c) lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse

Beaches are constantly moving in the direction of ________. a) downwelling b) the Coriolis effect c) the longshore current d) the open ocean

c) the longshore current

The pore spaces in rocks, soils, and sediments that are only partially filled with water occur in the a) zone of recharge b) saturated zone c) unsaturated zone d) water table

c) unsaturated zone

How does tidal range vary among different coastlines around the globe? a) Tidal range is greater in the Northern Hemisphere. b) The tidal range is the same everywhere. c) Tidal range is greatest along the Equator and gets lower toward the North and South Poles. d) Some places have little or no tidal range; others have a tidal range of many meters.

d) Some places have little or no tidal range; others have a tidal range of many meters.

What does it mean if the potentiometric surface does NOT reach above the ground surface? a) The aquifer does not have a high enough permeability to produce water. b) It will not be possible to pull water out of the aquifer from any type of well. c) The aquifer does not have any recharge into it and thus is dry. d) There will not be any artesian wells or springs associated with the aquifer.

d) There will not be any artesian wells or springs associated with the aquifer.

What does it mean if the potentiometric surface does NOT reach above the ground surface? a) The aquifer does not have any recharge into it and thus is dry. b) It will not be possible to pull water out of the aquifer from any type of well. c) The aquifer does not have a high enough permeability to produce water. d) There will not be any artesian wells or springs associated with the aquifer.

d) There will not be any artesian wells or springs associated with the aquifer.

Structures—like jetties, groins, and breakwaters—that are designed to prevent beach erosion __________. a) are permanent solutions that protect erosional beaches b) have the added benefit of allowing organic coasts to develop c) must be built in conjunction with beach nourishment d) are temporary solutions that decrease beach erosion in some places and increase it in others

d) are temporary solutions that decrease beach erosion in some places and increase it in others

A well that does not penetrate below the groundwater table is called a(n) a) unconfined aquifer. b) artesian well. c) hot spring. d) dry well.

d) dry well.

Because ocean currents carry heat, they play a large role in a) seafloor minerals. b) plate tectonics. c) tidal range. d) global climate change.

d) global climate change.

Common features in caves include stalactites, which _______ and stalagmites, which ________. a) grow above the water table; grow below the water table b) grow up from the floor; grow down from the ceiling c) grow near the mouth of the cave; grow deep in caves where light never penetrates d) grow down from the ceiling; grow up from the floor

d) grow down from the ceiling; grow up from the floor

The picture below shows the two tidal bulges created in the oceans by the gravitational attraction of the Moon, from the perspective of looking down at the Earth from the North Pole. Where is low tide occurring in this picture? a) locations A, B, C and D b) location B c) locations B and D d) locations A and C

d) locations A and C

A porous material a) will be impermeable. b) will be permeable as well. c) will be neither permeable nor impermeable. d) may be permeable or impermeable.

d) may be permeable or impermeable.

The elevation of the water table ________. a) is completely unpredictable b) is a constant for a given area so long as the topography remains the same c) may rise during times of drought and sink during rainy periods d) may rise during rainy periods and sink during droughts

d) may rise during rainy periods and sink during droughts