Geology final lab
Which rock transformations can occur in the rock cycle
Igneous into sedimentary, metamorphic to sedimentary, sedimentary into diff sedimentary
During longshore drift sand grains move
In a zigzag pattern
Why is quartz one of the most abundant minerals
It's made of 2 most abundant elements in the earths crust, it is resistant to weathering, it can form from all3 different rock types
Well rounded grains in clastic sedimentarynrock indicate
Numerous collisions between particles during extensive transportation
Contour lines on a map connect points
Of equal elevation
What can the formation of a sedimentary rock involve
Precipitation of minerals when water evaporates, so solid action of many shells, transportation of fragments of rock weathered from previously existing rock
Groundwater is the in which water does the following
Seeps into pores in sediment and rocks, flows through fractures in bedrock, may leak into the ground from streams
The difference between sills and dikes is that
Sills are parallel to layering in surrounding rocks while dikes cut across the layering
By what motions do sediment particles move in a stream
Sliding,rolling,bouncing
What most likely will happen if the water table is at the surface of the ground
Small depression filled with water, basements will flood, water from a heavy rain will not be able to sink into the ground causing flooding
Igneous rock form by
Solidification of magma at the surface or within the Earth
What does the term metamorphic grade refer to
The age of a metamorphic rock,the degree to which a metamorphic rocks protolith has changed, whether a metamorphic rock has an igneous or sedimentary protolith
Metamorphic index minerals help geologist determine
The age of protolith
What does the assemblage of minerals help geologist determine
The chemical composition of a protolith,the temp at which metamorphism took place, the pressure conditions during metamorphism
Which of the following could be the base level of a stream
A lake into which it flows, a larger stream into which it flows, the ocean
A benchmark is
A permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation
Which of the following is a possible origin of metamorphic rock
A sedimentary rock is buried deeply beneath other sedimentary rocks
Contour lines on a topographic map
Are spaced at equal distances from one another horizontally
Sedimentary rocks that are formed in horizontal layers are called
Beds
Sedimentary rocks are unique in that they form
By processes that operate at or near the Earths surface
Groundwater is unique among all the erosion agents because it
Carves landscapes from below the surface
Small tick marks (hachures) on contour lines indicate
Depressions
The water table is lowered
During periods of drought
Sinkholes typically have steeped walled sides because
Gravity causes the roof of an area hollowed by solution to collapse
The —— of a stream are where it begins and it's —- is where it flows into another body of water
Headwater, mouth
By what feature might submergent shorelines be characteralized typically
Highly irregular coastlines, numerous bays and headlands, sandbars and lagoons
The sinuosity of a stream is a measure of
How much it meanders
Folia toon and lineation are terms that describe
The intensity of metamorphism
The gradient of a stream describes
The steepness of its path through the landscape
The agents that cause metamorphism include all except
Time
The dominant cause of erosion along lake and ocean shorelines is
Waves
The severity of the impact of hurricanes on the shoreline depends on
Wind velocity, the path of the eye of the hurricane, whether the storm comes onshore at high tide or low tide
Spits and barrier islands are
deposited by longshore drift.
Angular grains in clastic sedimentary rocks indicate
Rapid typically short-distance transport
The grain size of igneous rock is determined by the
Rate of cooling which controls the amount of time ions have to migrate to Crystal seeds
What changes take place during physical weathering
Rocks are broken into smaller pieces
The zero count our line is also known as
Sea level