Geology final lab

Which rock transformations can occur in the rock cycle

Igneous into sedimentary, metamorphic to sedimentary, sedimentary into diff sedimentary

During longshore drift sand grains move

In a zigzag pattern

Why is quartz one of the most abundant minerals

It's made of 2 most abundant elements in the earths crust, it is resistant to weathering, it can form from all3 different rock types

Well rounded grains in clastic sedimentarynrock indicate

Numerous collisions between particles during extensive transportation

Contour lines on a map connect points

Of equal elevation

What can the formation of a sedimentary rock involve

Precipitation of minerals when water evaporates, so solid action of many shells, transportation of fragments of rock weathered from previously existing rock

Groundwater is the in which water does the following

Seeps into pores in sediment and rocks, flows through fractures in bedrock, may leak into the ground from streams

The difference between sills and dikes is that

Sills are parallel to layering in surrounding rocks while dikes cut across the layering

By what motions do sediment particles move in a stream

Sliding,rolling,bouncing

What most likely will happen if the water table is at the surface of the ground

Small depression filled with water, basements will flood, water from a heavy rain will not be able to sink into the ground causing flooding

Igneous rock form by

Solidification of magma at the surface or within the Earth

What does the term metamorphic grade refer to

The age of a metamorphic rock,the degree to which a metamorphic rocks protolith has changed, whether a metamorphic rock has an igneous or sedimentary protolith

Metamorphic index minerals help geologist determine

The age of protolith

What does the assemblage of minerals help geologist determine

The chemical composition of a protolith,the temp at which metamorphism took place, the pressure conditions during metamorphism

Which of the following could be the base level of a stream

A lake into which it flows, a larger stream into which it flows, the ocean

A benchmark is

A permanent marker on the ground that indicates location and elevation

Which of the following is a possible origin of metamorphic rock

A sedimentary rock is buried deeply beneath other sedimentary rocks

Contour lines on a topographic map

Are spaced at equal distances from one another horizontally

Sedimentary rocks that are formed in horizontal layers are called

Beds

Sedimentary rocks are unique in that they form

By processes that operate at or near the Earths surface

Groundwater is unique among all the erosion agents because it

Carves landscapes from below the surface

Small tick marks (hachures) on contour lines indicate

Depressions

The water table is lowered

During periods of drought

Sinkholes typically have steeped walled sides because

Gravity causes the roof of an area hollowed by solution to collapse

The —— of a stream are where it begins and it's —- is where it flows into another body of water

Headwater, mouth

By what feature might submergent shorelines be characteralized typically

Highly irregular coastlines, numerous bays and headlands, sandbars and lagoons

The sinuosity of a stream is a measure of

How much it meanders

Folia toon and lineation are terms that describe

The intensity of metamorphism

The gradient of a stream describes

The steepness of its path through the landscape

The agents that cause metamorphism include all except

Time

The dominant cause of erosion along lake and ocean shorelines is

Waves

The severity of the impact of hurricanes on the shoreline depends on

Wind velocity, the path of the eye of the hurricane, whether the storm comes onshore at high tide or low tide

Spits and barrier islands are

deposited by longshore drift.

Angular grains in clastic sedimentary rocks indicate

Rapid typically short-distance transport

The grain size of igneous rock is determined by the

Rate of cooling which controls the amount of time ions have to migrate to Crystal seeds

What changes take place during physical weathering

Rocks are broken into smaller pieces

The zero count our line is also known as

Sea level