Geology Lesson 4
Put the following minerals in order according to Moh's hardness scale with 10 being the hardest and 1 being the softest
1=talc; 2=gypsum; 3=calcite; 4=fluorite; 5=apatite; 6=orthoclase feldspar; 7=quartz; 8=topaz; 9=corundum 10=diamond
Electron
A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the atom
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Van der Waals bond
A weak chemical bond where atoms are "attracted" to each other
Elements bond together to form molecules because they:
Are most stable when their outer electron shields are filled
Which of the following is a common ferromagnesian silicate mineral
Augite (pyroxene)
Metallic bond
Chemical bond in which atoms are held together by the free moving of electrons
Ionic bond
Chemical bond in which there is a transfer of electrons between atoms
Covalent bond
Chemical bond where atoms share electrons in their outermost shell
Which of the following are all examples of minerals?
Copper, quartz, topaz, diamond, corundum
A mineral's density is the ratio of its weight relative to the weight of an equal volume of pure water at 4°C
False
All minerals are compounds
False
Diamond is the only naturally-occurring mineral that scratches glass.
False
Gems are found in nature and rarely need to be modified to make them ready for jewelry.
False
Glass can only be scratched by a diamond
False
Quartz is a single chain tetrahedra silicate.
False
The best characteristic to use when identifying minerals is color
False
The number of neutrons in an atom always equals the number of protons
False
Match the minerals with the silicate mineral group in which it belongs
Ferromagnesian silicate= olivine, pyroxene, biotite; nonferromagnesian silicate= muscovite, quartz, feldspar
The primary occurrence of the rock-forming minerals olivine, pyroxene, amphibole is
Igneous and metamorphic rocks
Select all items that are tools used by geologist
Magnifying glass; porcelain tile; penny; glass plate
Minerals originate from crystallization from
Molten magma, Chemical alteration of pre-existing minerals, hydrothermal solutions
Calcite
Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (effervescence), shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, a mineral listed on the Moh's hardness scale
Magnetite
Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (magnetic), metallic or sub-metallic luster
Halite
Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (salt), shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster
Graphite
Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (writing with it), shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, metallic or sub-metallic luster
Hematite
Non-silicate, metallic or sub-metallic luster
Pyrite
Non-silicate, metallic or sub-metallic luster
Gypsum
Non-silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, a mineral listed on Moh's hardness scale
Match the silicate mineral with its correct silicate crystal structure
Olivine= isolated tetrahedra; pyroxene= single chain tetrahedra; amphibole= double chain tetrahedra; muscovite= sheet tetrahedra; quartz= framework tetrahedra
Relative to ferromagnesium silicates, which of the following is true of non-ferromagnesium silicates?
They are lighter in color and they have the same silicate mineral groups
Minerals are crystalline solids but may not exhibit well-formed crystals
True
Minerals of the amphibole group have their silica tetrahedra arranged in double chains.
True
Native minerals are among those that occur In concentration is known as ores
True
Nonferromagnesian minerals tend to have a light color
True
Olivine is an example of a mineral with isolated silica tetrahedra.
True
The van dar Waals bonds occur between atoms or compounds without free electrons
True
Mineral
a naturally occurring, crystalline solid that has a narrowly defined chemical composition and has characteristic physical properties
Proton
a positively charged particle inside an atom's nucleus
Ionic bonds occur when electrons
are transferred between atoms
Which of the following is an example of a mineral resource
gold, petroleum, salt
Ferromagnesian silicates are most common in which group of rock types
igneous and metamorphic
Covalent bonds differ from ionic bonds in that
ionic bonds arise from electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged ions; covalent bonds arise from the sharing of one or more electrons - covalent bonds can occur between atoms of the same element
Which of the following is not true of minerals? They are (have):
organic
Cleavage is defined as
planes of weak bonds along which a mineral splits
Which of the following is a common nonferromagnesian silicate mineral
Quartz, muscovite, feldspar
Non-ferromagnesian minerals are common in which rock types?
Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
Talc
Shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, listed on Moh's hardness scale
Garnet
Silicate, non-metallic luster
Olivine
Silicate, non-metallic luster
Quartz
Silicate, non-metallic luster,
Potassium Feldspar
Silicate, non-metallic luster, a mineral listed on Moh's hardness scale
Hornblende (Amphibole)
Silicate, shows at least one direction of cleavage, non-metallic luster
Biotite
Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster
Muscovite
Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster
Pyroxene (Augite)
Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster
Plagioclase Feldspar
Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, listed on Moh's hardness scale
For minerals classified within any one silicate group, which of the following is true?
they have similar arrangements of silicate tetrahedra