Geology Lesson 4

Put the following minerals in order according to Moh's hardness scale with 10 being the hardest and 1 being the softest

1=talc; 2=gypsum; 3=calcite; 4=fluorite; 5=apatite; 6=orthoclase feldspar; 7=quartz; 8=topaz; 9=corundum 10=diamond

Electron

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and orbits the atom

Neutron

A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Van der Waals bond

A weak chemical bond where atoms are "attracted" to each other

Elements bond together to form molecules because they:

Are most stable when their outer electron shields are filled

Which of the following is a common ferromagnesian silicate mineral

Augite (pyroxene)

Metallic bond

Chemical bond in which atoms are held together by the free moving of electrons

Ionic bond

Chemical bond in which there is a transfer of electrons between atoms

Covalent bond

Chemical bond where atoms share electrons in their outermost shell

Which of the following are all examples of minerals?

Copper, quartz, topaz, diamond, corundum

A mineral's density is the ratio of its weight relative to the weight of an equal volume of pure water at 4°C

False

All minerals are compounds

False

Diamond is the only naturally-occurring mineral that scratches glass.

False

Gems are found in nature and rarely need to be modified to make them ready for jewelry.

False

Glass can only be scratched by a diamond

False

Quartz is a single chain tetrahedra silicate.

False

The best characteristic to use when identifying minerals is color

False

The number of neutrons in an atom always equals the number of protons

False

Match the minerals with the silicate mineral group in which it belongs

Ferromagnesian silicate= olivine, pyroxene, biotite; nonferromagnesian silicate= muscovite, quartz, feldspar

The primary occurrence of the rock-forming minerals olivine, pyroxene, amphibole is

Igneous and metamorphic rocks

Select all items that are tools used by geologist

Magnifying glass; porcelain tile; penny; glass plate

Minerals originate from crystallization from

Molten magma, Chemical alteration of pre-existing minerals, hydrothermal solutions

Calcite

Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (effervescence), shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, a mineral listed on the Moh's hardness scale

Magnetite

Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (magnetic), metallic or sub-metallic luster

Halite

Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (salt), shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster

Graphite

Non-silicate, has a unique characteristic (writing with it), shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, metallic or sub-metallic luster

Hematite

Non-silicate, metallic or sub-metallic luster

Pyrite

Non-silicate, metallic or sub-metallic luster

Gypsum

Non-silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, a mineral listed on Moh's hardness scale

Match the silicate mineral with its correct silicate crystal structure

Olivine= isolated tetrahedra; pyroxene= single chain tetrahedra; amphibole= double chain tetrahedra; muscovite= sheet tetrahedra; quartz= framework tetrahedra

Relative to ferromagnesium silicates, which of the following is true of non-ferromagnesium silicates?

They are lighter in color and they have the same silicate mineral groups

Minerals are crystalline solids but may not exhibit well-formed crystals

True

Minerals of the amphibole group have their silica tetrahedra arranged in double chains.

True

Native minerals are among those that occur In concentration is known as ores

True

Nonferromagnesian minerals tend to have a light color

True

Olivine is an example of a mineral with isolated silica tetrahedra.

True

The van dar Waals bonds occur between atoms or compounds without free electrons

True

Mineral

a naturally occurring, crystalline solid that has a narrowly defined chemical composition and has characteristic physical properties

Proton

a positively charged particle inside an atom's nucleus

Ionic bonds occur when electrons

are transferred between atoms

Which of the following is an example of a mineral resource

gold, petroleum, salt

Ferromagnesian silicates are most common in which group of rock types

igneous and metamorphic

Covalent bonds differ from ionic bonds in that

ionic bonds arise from electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged ions; covalent bonds arise from the sharing of one or more electrons - covalent bonds can occur between atoms of the same element

Which of the following is not true of minerals? They are (have):

organic

Cleavage is defined as

planes of weak bonds along which a mineral splits

Which of the following is a common nonferromagnesian silicate mineral

Quartz, muscovite, feldspar

Non-ferromagnesian minerals are common in which rock types?

Sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

Talc

Shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, listed on Moh's hardness scale

Garnet

Silicate, non-metallic luster

Olivine

Silicate, non-metallic luster

Quartz

Silicate, non-metallic luster,

Potassium Feldspar

Silicate, non-metallic luster, a mineral listed on Moh's hardness scale

Hornblende (Amphibole)

Silicate, shows at least one direction of cleavage, non-metallic luster

Biotite

Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster

Muscovite

Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster

Pyroxene (Augite)

Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster

Plagioclase Feldspar

Silicate, shows at least one or more directions of cleavage, non-metallic luster, listed on Moh's hardness scale

For minerals classified within any one silicate group, which of the following is true?

they have similar arrangements of silicate tetrahedra