Gerotonology Midterm
Which of the following statements about normal physical changes with aging is/are true? (Select all that apply)
B.) Normal physical aging can be differentiated from aging-related diseases. C.) For most physical changes that accompany the normal aging process, there are simply adaptations.
The use of a firearm is the most common means of suicide among which age group?
B.) Older adult men
All of the following are the consequences of an aging population EXCEPT:
B.) Older people will no longer pay taxes
When monitoring urine color for adequate fluid intake, what color should the urine be?
B.) Pale yellow
When it comes to older workers, which of the following statements is/are true? (Select all that apply.)
B.) Researchers have found no differences between younger and older workers in terms of their motivation, resistance or willingness to change, or the trust they place in co-workers. C.) Once out of to work, older people remain unemployed for a longer period of time than younger people do.
The fact that there are only 53 men for every 100 women in the US has numerous consequences. All of the following are consequences EXCEPT:
B.) The majority of older women are married
Low levels of what vitamin can lead to mood changes, depression and symptoms of dementia?
B.) Vitamin B12
The rising mortality among middle-aged white men and women is due to all of the following EXCEPT:
B.) Whooping cough, diphtheria, and polio
Why do women tend to associate more negative connotations with aging than men?
B.) Women are evaluated on physical attractiveness and reproduction potential, and aging affects both
Which of the following statements is true about education?
B.) Younger minorities are much more likely than their elders to have a college degree
The ____ _____ is the name given to the largest group of individuals ever born in one period of American history.
Baby Boomers
A good example of functional age is:
C.) At the age of 58, no longer being able to run 20 miles.
At what age can eligible workers begin collecting full retirement benefits from Social Security?
C.) Between age 67 and 67 (depending on the beneficiary's year of birth.)
What is the most commonly performed surgery in adults over age 65 in the United States?
C.) Cataract surgery
Problems with personal savings in retirement include all of the following EXCEPT:
C.) Corporate entities are unable to access personal savings accounts to contribute
Which serious mental health problem is associated with feelings of despairs, somatic symptoms, loss of appetite, and fatigue?
C.) Depression
Which of the following statements is true of the theory of cumulative inequality?
C.) Earlier life experiences have a significant impact on the quality of life in old age
Which of the following broad clusters of personality traits are included in The Big Five?
C.) Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness
An accurate statement about Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is that it:
C.) Is available to aged, blind, and disabled people with low incomes
Which of the following is NOT true regarding active life expectancy:
C.) It is the number of years a person can expect to live without a disability
In older adults, how full is the bladder when the micturition reflex sends a signal that the person needs to urinate?
C.) Nearly full
In the US, the fastest-growing segment of the population are:
C.) Oldest old (85 years and older)
In the United States, social insurance benefits are primarily paid for through:
C.) Payroll taxes
Which of the following is NOT a social consequence of hearing loss?
C.) People are encouraged by family members to engage in conversations
Which of the following groups are NOT covered by Social Security?
C.) Siblings
All of the following occurs during menopause in women EXCEPT:
C.) The amount of vaginal lubrication increases
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding palliative care?
C.) The healthcare team may include the family.
What does the term healthspan refer to?
C.) The portion of a person's life during which they are of all of leading causes of death
After the Great Recession, what class of Americans had successfully recovered their losses a year later?
C.) Wealthiest class
The discoloration of spotting that appears on the face, back of hands, & forearms of people older than age 50are called _________.
Lentigo
_____ _____ is the greatest number of years any member of a species has been known to survive.
Life span
The benefits that could result from living longer lives is called the _____ _____.
Longevity Dividend
Changes individuals make as they leave school, take a job, marry, have children, or retire are called _________.
Role Transitions
Mrs. Martin recently became a grandmother. The best term to define the change in her life is _____ ______.
Social Role
The single most important source of income for older people is ____ _____.
Social Security
The term ________ refers to discrimination against people based on their age, most commonly directed at older people.
ageism
The most elusive mental process to define and measure is ________.
creativity
A common problem in older men is _____ _____.
erectile disfunction
Dabid Kessler's sixth stage of grief is _______.
healing
The leading cause of death in the United States for the 65 and older population is _____ _____.
heart disease
Professionals who regularly work with those who are aging, such as physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, are well educated regarding issues related to death, dying, and bereavement.
B.) False
The need for protein in diets decreases as a person ages.
B.) False
What medical condition is frequently associated with erectile dysfunction?
B.) Hypertension
Which of the following statements is true about subjective age identity?
B.) It appears to be influenced by the social class of an individual
One of the consequences of raising the retirement age to preserve Social Security is that:
B.) It could worsen racial and ethnic inequality among older Americans
Chronological age poses a problem in gerontology because it:
B.) Lumps people of different generations togetrher
Which of the following statements is true?
B.) More people are living longer lives than ever before in human history
Which theory has been used to help explain Huntingdon's Disease:
B.) Mutation accumulation
An individual can make their personal preferences for a good death known by making them explicit in a(n) ______ _______.
Advance Directive
As society begins to accept the social revolution of the aging of America, people need to be encouraged to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Avoid sterotypes B.) Stop closing doors because of age C.) Recognize diversity
Which of the following screening tests does the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend for people as they age? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Blood pressure B.) Colorectal cancer
How can we mobilize the energy of older people to share their talents for the benefit of our communities? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Create intergenerational programs that bring older and younger people together in community centers C.) Offer continuing education and training opportunities to younger and older workers alike D.) Design transportation options that will benefit people of all ages
Which of the following are a common result of normal physical changes that occur with aging? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Gradual thinning of hair B.) Reduced ability to hear high-pitched sounds D.) The ability to regulate body temperature decliens
Which of the following biological theories of aging are part of the damage accumulation paradigm? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Mutation accumulation B.) Disposable soma D.) Mitochondrial
Which theory states that the effectiveness of the body's homeostatic adjustments declines with aging:
A.) Neuroendocrine
Which benefits are guaranteed by the Social Security Act? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Old Age and Survivor's Insurance (OASI) B.) Supplemental Security Income (SSI) D.) Disability Insurance (DI)
Beneficiaries of Social Security can be which of the groups below? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Older, retired workers C.) Dependent children of retired workers D.) Spouses of retired or disabled workers
In addition to a yearly influenza immunization, what other immunizations should the older adults get? (Select all that apply)
A.) Shingles C.) Pneumococcal D.) Tdap/Td
Which of the personality traits seem to decrease during very old age? (Select all that apply).
A.) Social vitality C.) Openness
Which of the following is NOT true regarding defined benefit plans?
A.) They typically pay a lump sum benefit to workers upon retirement
A majority of Americans have indicated that they are in favor of allowing physicians to assist terminally ill people in ending their lives.
A.) True
Ageist attitudes and stereotypes that people have when they are young can have negative consequences on their cognitive abilities and physical health later in their lives.
A.) True
Married couples and couples in committed relationships have sec more often than single people do.
A.) True
Stressful events early in life, especially physical or sexual abuse, can decrease older adults' ability to cope with late-life stressors making them more vulnerable to suicide.
A.) True
In addition to using the PLISSIT model, what should healthcare providers determine about residents of long-term care facilities prior to sexual intimacy encounters? (Select all that apply.)
A.) Who should be consulted regarding their decisions about sexual expression C.) The resident's decision-making capacity D.) The resident's interest in sexual intimacy
Healthcare providers routinely ask their older patients about their sexual behaviors.
B.) False
Most people's skin does not begin to wrinkle until they are in their 40s.
B.) False
What year was the Social Security Act signed?
B.) 1935
Among American adults age 15 and over, what is the age group with the highest prevalence of HIV/AIDS?
B.) 45 to 54
Why is it important to regulate the funeral industry? (Select all that apply.)
B.) Because funeral directors have been found to inflate prices C.) Because grieving family members may be pressured to buy unneeded services
Which of the following may reduce the risk of olfactory impairment? (Select all that apply.)
B.) Eating more fish C.) Exercise
Identify an accurate statement about the ratio of males and females in the world.
B.) Elderly women greatly outnumber elderly men in most nations
Which of the following are Kubler-Ross's stages of grief? (Select all that apply.)
B.) Exhibiting anger and resentment D.) Denying that the deceased is really gone
Age discrimination in employment is no longer a problem in America
B.) False
Among older adults, only those who were creative when they were young have been found to be creative in the later years of their life.
B.) False
From a biological point of view, humans begin aging around the age of 60, though some begin to age earlier and others a bit later.
B.) False
Throughout the lifespan, new neurons develop in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that is critical for ________ functioning.
Cognitive
How many minutes of moderate-intensity exercise is recommended for adults age 65 and older per week?:
D.) 150
A person who is immobilized in a cast from knee surgery for 6 weeks will lose how much muscle mass in the large muscles on the front of the thigh?
D.) 40-60%
According to MyPlate for Older Adults, approximately what proportion of the food that an older adult consumes daily should consist of fruits and vegetables?
D.) 50%
Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with successful aging?
D.) Accepting compulsory retirement
The US Preventive Services Task Force reccommends that cholesterol levels be checked starting at what age?
D.) Age 20
Which age group is the least likely to use condoms?
D.) Age 61 and older
At what age are individuals least likely to report feeling sad or hopeless most of the time?
D.) Age 65 and older
What can influence the older adult's ability to be more open and exploratory in their sexual relationships?
D.) Age, experience, and confidence
Which of the following is NOT included in the Age Discrimination in Employment Act?
D.) Hiring decisions should not be made on the basis of age
In the debate over long-term solutions regarding Social Security benefits, 83% of adults supported the option of:
D.) Increasing revenues
Which of the following normal changes in sleep often accompany aging?
D.) More time needed to fall asleep
What federal law enacted in 1991 requires hospices, nursing homes, hospitals, and some healthcare agencies to ask if the patients have completed an advance directive or provide information about them?
D.) Patient Self-Determination Act
Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is true?
D.) Research is confirming that the immune system plays an important roll in the development of the disease
Which of the following is recommended for older adults to practice good sleep hygiene?
D.) Reserve the bed for sleeping and sex
A condition that occurs when the outside walls of the bone becomes thinner and the inner part becomes spongy:
D.) Skeletal degeneration
Older people have more difficulty maintaining normal body temperature in hot temperatures because they:
D.) Sweat less
All of the following were factors that contributed to the decline in the fertility rate of women between 1971 and 1980 EXCEPT:
D.) The environmental movement
Which of the following statements is true about the frail elderly?
D.) They need help from others for carrying out their daily activities
All of the following are characteristic of age norms EXCEPT:
D.) Violation of age norms can result in severe negative sanctions, such as getting arrested
What has become the fourth leg of the retirement stool for older adults?
D.) Working past retirement age
Research shows that the appreciation of _____ increases with age.
Touch
The number of persons age 65 and older per 100 persons of working age (18-54 years old) is called the _____ _____ _____.
Elderly Dependency Ratio
_____ are the best educated and most diverse birth cohort of any generation.
Millennials
