GGY 140 Ch 9

B

According to the UN, Russia's HDI is less than half of that of the U.S. a) True b) False

A

According to the graphs in the textbook, globally, South Asia has the lowest telephone and internet penetration of any region. a) True b) False

A

All of the following comparative statements about development are true, except __________. a) 50 percent of the world's population live in countries that are considered developed b) those living in developed countries consume five-sixths of the world's goods c) 14 percent of the world's population lives in Africa, yet they consume only 1 percent of the world's goods d) Europeans spend more on ice cream than the cost of providing a working toilet to the 2 billion people around the world in need of one e) Americans spend more on cosmetics than the cost of providing schools for the 2 billion people around the world in need of them

B

Created by the UN in 1980, this is an indicator of the level of development for each country. It combines income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. ANSWER: a) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) b) Human Development Index (HDI) c) Gini Coefficient (GC) d) Development Level Indicator (DLI) e) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)

B

Criticism against the WTO has largely come from the right, who charge that the WTO is antidemocratic because decisions are made behind closed doors in the interest of large corporations rather than the poor. ANSWER: a) True b) False

B

Developed countries spend just over $2,000 per person annually on health care, compared to approximately $1600 per person in developing countries. ANSWER: a) True b) False

A

During the 1950s people lived on average more than two decades longer in developed countries than in developing ones. In the twenty-first century, the gap is ________. ANSWER: a) less than 10 years b) increased to 30 years c) less than 15 years d) still the same e) less than 5 years

A

Expected years of schooling is generally defined as the number of years that an average 5 year old child is expected to spend with his or her education in the future. ANSWER: a) True b) False

A

For fear of perpetuating bad habits, international finance organizations require poor countries to undergo structural adjustment as a condition for debt relief. ANSWER: a) True b) False

B

For most of the twentieth century, the international trade model was the more popular of the development alternatives. ANSWER: a) True b) False

A

Globally, Russia has the highest rate of measles immunization. ANSWER: a) True b) False

B

Globally, what percentage of GNI do developing countries spend on health care? ANSWER: a) 12 b) 2 c) 20 d) 4 e) 8

B

How many countries have a Human Development Index that is below 0.500? ANSWER: a) 37 b) 22 c) 18 d) 15 e) 29

B

How many countries of North America (the world region, not the continent) are aid donors to Sub-Saharan Africa? a) Three b) Two c) Five d) Four e) One

A

If a country were to adhere to a structural adjustment program (SAP), its two main priorities would likely be __________. a) reduce government spending and control inflation b) borrow money from international organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) and control inflation c) discourage the role of the private sector and control inflation d) spread resources out among the greatest number of people and activities and reduce government spending e) spread resources out among the greatest number of people and activities and encourage a more productive private sector

C

If you are considering purchasing fair trade products it is helpful to know that __________. a) at this time, fair trade is practiced only on farms, i.e., not in factories b) fair trade always results in cheaper prices to consumers c) the people who grow the food or make the product typically have a say in how local resources are used and how the product is sold d) wages are always far above the minimum wage in the country where the product is made e) fair trade practices focus exclusively on labor/wage issues and do not address environmental issues

B

In Rostow's 5 stage state development model, the drive to maturity is seen as the last and most crucial stage for any country. ANSWER: a) True b) False

B

In the United States, which two gender inequality measures rank poorly when compared with other countries? a) female labor force participation rate and percentage of women serving in Congress b) percentage of teenagers who give birth and percentage of women serving in Congress c) percentage of women serving in Congress and percentage of women who have completed high school d) percentage of teenagers who give birth and maternal mortality ratio e) percentage of women who have completed high school and percentage of teenagers who give birth

A

In the developing world, East Asia and Latin America have some of the highest literacy at ________ per cent. a) 90 b) 50 c) 60 d) 80 e) 70

D

In the self-sufficiency approach to development, countries do all but which of the following? ANSWER: a) spread investment as equally as possible across all sectors of a country's economy and in all regions b) restrict imports c) give precedence to reducing poverty over encouraging a few people to become wealthy consumers d) do not allow businesses to open in certain parts of the country to increase economies of scale e) impose tariffs

D

In which of the following categories of jobs does manufacturing fall? a) quadutiary b) special c) primary d) secondary e) tertiary

A

In which of these countries is foreign aid 20% or more of the country's Gross National Income (2008)? a) Burundi b) Equatorial Guinea c) Lesotho d) Togo e) Ivory Coast

B

Latin America has the world's poorest score under the UN's Gender Inequality Index. ANSWER: a) True b) False

C

Looking at the figure, which of the following countries has the highest HDI? a) Brazil b) Russia c) Spain d) China e) India

E

Looking at the figure.5, which of the following countries has the lowest adolescent fertility rates? ANSWER: a) South Africa b) Brazil c) Russia d) United States e) Canada

A

Now the world's second largest economy, behind only the United States, China accounts for a third of total world economic growth, and GNI per capita has risen faster there than in any other country. ANSWER: a) True b) False

C

On average, developed countries spend about $________ annually per capita on health care. ANSWER: a) 8,000 b) 14,000 c) 4,000 d) 18,000 e) 25,000

B

Purchasing power parity is an adjustment most often made to the GDP to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods, the inherent cost of corruption and the vitality of local industries. a) True b) False

C

Since the United Nations began measuring HDI in 1980, which developing region has improved the least? a) East Asia b) Southwest Asia/North Africa c) sub-Saharan Africa d) Latin America e) South Asia

D

The U.S. government allocates approximately ________ percent of its GNI to foreign aid. ANSWER: a) 7 b) 2 c) 12 d) 0.2 e) 1

B

The U.S. government gives about 2.2 percent of its GNI to foreign aid and European countries average a good bit more, approximately 5.5 percent. ANSWER: a) True b) False

A

The UN's Human Development Index (HDI) takes into account three factors. These are a) a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and a long and healthy life. b) absence of corruption, developed infrastructure and national debt as a ratio of GDP. c) crude birth rates, crude death rates and the percentage of women in the workforce. d) doctor/patient ratio, infant mortality rates and good governance. e) life expectancy, percentage of population under 15 and the availability of clean drinking water

A

The United Nations considers years of schooling to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development. a) True b) False

A

The United Nations measures the average income in countries through a complex index called a) annual gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity. b) gross domestic product. c) gross national income at HDI. d) development index at purchasing power parity. e) annual gross national product at average income

E

The World Trade Organization (WTO) seeks to encourage trade by all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) enforce trade agreements b) reduce or eliminate barriers to the international movement of money by banks, corporations, and wealthy individuals c) protect intellectual property d) reduce trade restrictions e) implement pro-poor policies to protect them against international corporations

B

The literacy rate is the percentage of a country's people who can read up the grade 12 level and and write meaningful letters. a) True b) False

C

The nations and areas known as the Four Dragons are __________. a) China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Philippines b) China, Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore c) South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong d) Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Hong Kong e) Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore

A

There are two sets of standards that distinguish fair trade. These are fair trade labelling organizations International (FLO) and standards applied to workers on farms and in factories. ANSWER: a) True b) False

B

To measure the level of development of every country, the UN created the Poverty Incline Index (PII). a) True b) False

C

To promote the international trade development model, most countries have joined the ________. ANSWER: a) International Monetary Fund (IMF) b) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) c) World Trade Organization (WTO). d) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) e) The United Nations (UN)

C

Typically, a developed country will have the majority of workers in the __________ sector. a) primary or agriculture b) government c) tertiary or services d) secondary or manufacturing e) informal

B

When comparing access to knowledge in terms of both the quality and quantity of schooling __________. a) a majority of books, such as textbooks, are now produced in the countries and native languages where they are used b) it is important to look at both the quantity and quality of schooling c) sub-Saharan Africa is progressing rapidly and is now among the leaders in the developing world d) class sizes tend to be smaller in countries that have a high percentage of population under age 15 e) statistics focus on how many years of education the average adult has completed

C

When comparing health-care expenditures in developed and developing countries, which of the following is most accurate? a) Health-care expenditures are a greater percentage of GNI in developing countries than they are in developed countries. b) In developing countries health-care expenditures are entirely paid for by the individual, i.e., there is no government or public assistance. c) In most developed countries health care is a public service that is available at no or little cost to the individual. d) In developed countries, health care does not typically extend to those who are disabled or unable to work. e) In the United States health care is mostly paid for by the government

A

Where are the countries with the lowest Gross National Income located? a) Africa b) South America c) Russia d) Australia e) South Asia

D

Which country had the highest GNI per capita, PPP, in 2008? a) Nigeria b) South Africa c) Kenya d) Equatorial Guinea e) Botswana

C

Which country is the top aid donor to Sub-Saharan Africa? a) France b) United Kingdom c) United States d) European Commission e) Germany

A

Which of the following Development Indicators is best if it is a low number? a) Under Age 5 Mortality Rate (2008) b) Human Development Index (2007) c) GDP Average Annual % Growth 2000-2008 d) Life Expectancy (2010) e) GNI per capita, PPP 2008

E

Which of the following cities is a final destination for illegal drugs? ANSWER: a) Karachi, Pakistan b) Kabul, Afghanistan c) Medellin, Colombia d) Bangkok, Thailand e) Amsterdam, the Netherlands

B

Which of the following cities is a place where cannabis and opium are grown? ANSWER: a) Lagos, Nigeria b) Kabul, Afghanistan c) Amsterdam, The Netherlands d) Moscow, Russia e) Medellin, Colombia

E

Which of the following countries had the best Gender Equity Index for 2008? a) Namibia, with a Gender Equity Index of 104 b) Zimbabwe, with a Gender Equity Index of 97 c) Lesotho, with a Gender Equity Index of 105 d) Gambia, with a Gender Equity Index of 102 e) Botswana, with a Gender Equity Index of 100

B

Which of the following countries has become the center for the manufacturing of automobiles and other consumer goods in Southeast Asia? ANSWER: a) Myanmar b) Hong Kong c) Thailand d) Vietnam e) Malaysia

A

Which of the following countries has not joined the WTO? ANSWER: a) Russia b) Germany c) Canada d) China e) United States

E

Which of the following countries has the highest debt as a percentage of GNI? ANSWER: a) Canada b) Russia c) Australia d) China e) US

C

Which of the following is an accurate description of the labor force participation rate? ANSWER: a) the percentage of employed in any given year b) the percentage of the population unemployed and underemployed c) the percent of women holding full-time jobs outside the home d) the likelihood of a high school graduate getting a job within 2 years of graduation e) the percentage of college graduates employed in the field of their degree

E

Which of the following is most characteristic of the self-sufficiency approach to development? a) Imports from other countries are encouraged to diversify the options for consumers. b) Local small businesses are expected to compete with large international corporations. c) Government has little involvement in the economy. d) Investment is centered in the largest cities. e) Reducing poverty is of greater importance than a few people becoming wealthy consumers

D

Which of the following is not one of the UN's Millennium Development Goals? ANSWER: a) End poverty and hunger. b) Promote gender equality and empower women. c) Achieve universal primary (elementary school) education. d) End wars between countries over resources. e) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.

A

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms against the WTO? ANSWER: a) that it infringes on the sovereignty of countries b) that it favors the East over the West c) that decisions take too long to be delivered d) that it is too big e) that it gives too much power to small countries

C

Which of the following is true of the international trade approach to development? ANSWER: a) Belonging to international organizations is the overriding principle for the country. b) Businesses are not allowed to locate in some areas, in order to allow those areas to provide labor for industries. c) A country can develop by concentrating scarce resources on expansion of its distinctive local industries. d) Businesses pay no taxes so they can export to bring in foreign exchange. e) Good governance is considered the principal mode of operation.

A

Which of the following regions has life expectancy that is comparable to developed regions? ANSWER: a) Latin America b) Sub-Saharan Africa c) South Asia d) Southeast Asia e) Southwest Asia

A

Which of the following regions has the world's highest per capita income? a) North America b) Western Europe c) The Middle East d) Russia e) East Asia

B

Which of the following statements about the Human Development Index (HDI) is most accurate? a) The HDI is based solely on economic statistics such as income and gross domestic product (GDP). b) The HDI has been modified to adjust for inequality to create an IHDI (Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index). c) The HDI tends to be highest in countries with large populations such as China and India. d) The HDI is used by the UN to divide countries into two categories: developed and developing. e) The HDI is used only in developed countries.

A

Which of the following two organizations were conceived to promote development after World War II and to avoid a repetition of the disastrous economic policies that contributed to the Great Depression? ANSWER: a) the IMF and the World Bank b) the UN and the World Bank c) the UN and the WTO d) the WTO and the World Bank e) WHO and the WTO

B

With the world's second largest economy, behind only the United States, this country accounts for a third of total world economic growth ANSWER: a) Germany b) China c) Russia d) Japan e) Canada

D

________ is trade that protects small businesses and workers. ANSWER: a) Free trade b) Sustainable trade c) Equal trade d) Fair trade e) Humane trade