GI AND ABDOMINAL WALL REVIEW QUESTIONS

Abnormal pyloric channel will measure greater than ? mm in length and the muscle will measure greater than ? mm

17 3

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is most often found in infants between

2-6 weeks of age

What are the diagnostic criteria for pyloric stenosis?

3mm = thickness 17mm = length

All of the following are true of normal intestinal findings with sonography except: A. Normal bowel does not compress B. Normal bowel should have observable peristalsis C. Intestinal wall should measure less than 5 mm D. Normal bowel has little to no color Doppler signals

A. Normal bowel does not compress

Which of the following is not a layer of gut? A. Visceral B. Serosa C. Submucosa D. Mucosa

A. Visceral

All of the following are sonographic findings in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis except: A. Wall of the pylorus is focally thinned B. Length of pylorus measures more than 17 mm C. Doughnut appearance in transverse D. Cervix appearance in longitudinal

A. Wall of the pylorus is focally thinned

All of the following are sonographic findings of acute appendicitis except: A. Appendicolith B. Compressible, blind-ended tube C. Periappendiceal fluid collection D. Hyperemic flow

B. Compressible, blind-ended tube

All of the common clinical findings in infants who present with intussusception except: A. Vomiting B. First-born male infant C. Red currant jelly stools D. Leukocytosis

B. First-born male infant

Which of the following is not associated with a rectus sheath hematoma? A. palpable abdominal mass B. Increased hematocrit C. Child birth D. Sneezing

B. Increased hematocrit

Clinical findings of acute appendicitis include all of the following except: A. Leukocytosis B. Right lower quadrant pain C. Constipation D. Rebound tenderness

C. Constipation

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with Crohn disease? A. Bowel wall thickening B. Noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance C. Increased peristalsis D. Hyperemic wall

C. Increased peristalsis

A sonographic sign associated with pyloric stenosis in the long axis

Cervix sign

An autoimmune disease characterized by periods of inflammation of the GI tract

Crohns disease

A patient presents to the sonography department with a painful, superficial abdominal mass located within a prior cesarean scar. What clinical feature would be most consistent with scar endometriosis?

Cyclical pain

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants who present with pyloric stenosis except: A. Weight loss B. Dehydration C. Olive sign D. First-born female

D. First-born female

What best describes the location of McBurney point?

Halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

the area of pain and rebound tenderness in patients suffering from acute appendicitis

McBurney point

A common congenital outpouching of the wall of the small intestine

Meckel diverticulum

A patient presents to the sonography department with bilious vomiting. While investigating the pediatric patient for pyloric stenosis, you note that while the pyloric sphincter appears normal, the SMA is abnormally located to the right of the SMV. What is the most likely daignosis?

Midgut malrotation

Gastric cancer is most often in the form of

adenocarcinoma

olive sign is best described as

an enlarged palpable pyloric sphincter

likely cause of colitis?

antibiotic therapy

rebound tenderness is associated with

appendicitis

Upon sonographic evaluation of the right lower quadrant in a patient complaining of focal abdominal pain in that area, you visualize a hyperemic blind-ended, tubular structure that contains a shadowing focus. What is this?

appendicolith

Masses of various ingested materials that may cause an intestinal obstruction

bezoars

most common location of vermiform appendix is in the area of

cecum

causes of rectus sheath hematoma

child birth sneezing coughing defecation urination intercourse

A sonographic sign associated with the appearance of intussusception

cinnamon bun sign

An adult patient presents to the sonography department with left lower quadrant pain, fever, and bouts of both constipation and diarrhea. What is this?

diverticulitis

A sonographic sign associated with pyloric stenosis in short axis

doughnut sign

Clinical findings of Crohn disease is?

episodes of diarrhea abdominal pain weight loss rectal bleeding

What anatomic structure may be noted as a bulls-eye structure anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver in the sagittal scan plane?

gastroesophageal junction

Sonographic findings of fluid-filled, distended loops of bowel is consistent with?

intestinal obstruction

The most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children less than 2 years of age is

intussusception

The telescoping of one segment of bowel into another; most often the proximal segment the bowel inserts into the distal segment

intussusception

a bezoar that consists of powdered milk

lactobezoar

a situation in which bowel is physically blocked by something

mechanical obstruction

Abnormal rotation of the bowel leads to a proximal small bowel obstruction

midgut malrotation

Appendicitis is indicative when inflamed appendix is ___________________________ and measures > ? mm

noncompressible 6

When the pyloric sphincter muscle is enlarged and palpable on physical examination of the abdomen, often indicative of pyloric stenosis

olive sign

a bezoar that consists of vegetable matter

phytobezoars

An intraperitoneal extension of mucin-secreting cells that results from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix

pseudomyxoma peritonei

A temporary spasm and thickening of the pyloric sphincter that can replicate the sonographic appearance of pyloric stenosis

pylorospasm

What is a common clinical finding in patients suffering from acute appendicitis?

rebound tenderness

A key clinical finding of intussusception is?

red currant jelly stool

What is a common clinical finding in patients suffering from intussusception?

red currant jelly stool

In what position is the infant often placed for better sonographic visualization of the pyloric sphincter?

right lateral decub

Traditionally, treatment for intussusception is

therapeutic enema

The sonographic appearance of the hyperechoic edematous connective tissue that surrounds the inflamed appendix

thyroid in the belly sign

Pediatric patients could suffer from bowel obstructions that are caused by a buildup of ingested hair. The mass associated with this type of obstruction is termed:

trichobezoar

a bezoar that consists of matted hair

trichobezoars

what would be useful to employ during a sonographic evaluation of suspected abdominal wall hernia

valsalva

Most likely clinical feature of colitis is?

watery diarrhea