give me liberty 13-15

"Redeemers" saved the South from the corrupt ways of Reconstruction politics and redeemed the South for fair and equal treatment for all Americans.

False

A series of revolutions in Europe—in England, France, Italy, and Germany—succeeded in permanently making those countries republics.

False

Abraham Lincoln was a firm supporter of votes for black Americans prior to the Civil War.

False

Under Radical Reconstruction, blacks held most of the South's top elected positions.

False

While corruption was almost nonexistent in the North, it was rampant in the South.

False

Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens argued that planters' land should be confiscated and redistributed among former slaves.

True

During Radical Reconstruction, following ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, the vast majority of eligible African-Americans registered to vote.

True

Women provided the chief energy for northern war relief efforts.

True

The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of:

the discovery of gold.

Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation immediately following:

the battle of Antietam.

Which were central elements in the lives of postemancipation blacks in the twenty years following the end of the Civil War?

the family, the church, the school

Upon Lincoln's assassination, ____________ became president.

Andrew Johnson

Who among the following was not a leader of the Radical Republicans?

Andrew Johnson

Population in the North was 22 million in 1860, while the white population of the South in 1860 was:

5.5 million.

Which of the following was not a conviction embraced by the newly formed Republican Party of the mid-1850s?

A system of slavery was tolerable, so long as it remained confined to the South and West.

In the aftermath of the Civil War, the black church was a powerful influence in the South; what two denominations commanded the largest African-American following?

Baptist and Methodist

In which of the following nations was the institution of slavery replaced by indentured servitude?

British Guiana

The Black Codes were:

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves.

Government involvement in the economy was diminished as a consequence of the Civil War.

False

In consequence of the Reconstruction governments across the South, the region became a vibrant and successful hub of dynamic and expansive economic growth, allowing many African-Americans to escape from poverty.

False

Invoking the extraordinary dangers of the moment, Lincoln called for a suspension of regular elections for the duration of the war.

False

Presidential Reconstruction (1865-1867) was a success.

False

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, leading figures in the women's rights movement, were strong supporters of the Fifteenth Amendment.

False

The Black Codes were laws passed by southern Republicans to promote black rights.

False

The Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed all enslaved persons in the United States.

False

The Fifteenth Amendment granted the vote to white women but not black women.

False

The Ku Klux Klan sought to uphold the American ideal of equality and justice for all.

False

In what 1863 speech did Lincoln assert that the sacrifices of the Union soldiers would ensure that "government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth"?

Gettysburg Address

Which of the following was not a major effect of Reconstruction (at its height) upon southern society?

It inspired a mass exodus of southern blacks to lands that had never known slavery.

The phrase, "forty acres and a mule," derived from:

Sherman's Field Order 15.

Which of the following describes the Battle of Antietam?

This was the bloodiest battle of the war.

What military action started the American Civil War?

The Confederate shelling of Fort Sumter.

The House of Representatives approved articles of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson for violation of what law?

The Tenure of Office Act

Which was not true of Liberal Republicans in the post-Civil War era?

They believed the growth of federal power needed to be expanded.

Which was not true of black soldiers during the Civil War?

They fought mostly for the North, but tens of thousands also fought for the South.

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

True

After emancipation, many freedwomen elected to withdraw from work in the fields and focus their energies at home.

True

Among the important accomplishments of Reconstruction state governments was the establishment of the South's first state-supported public schools.

True

Between 1880 and 1940 there were more white sharecroppers than black sharecroppers.

True

Black Americans continued to hold offices in the South into the 1890s.

True

Black Codes denied black Americans the right to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, or vote.

True

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.

True

During Reconstruction, a number of state governments initiated civil rights legislation that made it illegal for railroads, hotels, and other institutions to discriminate on the basis of race.

True

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the United States House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

True

During the 1872 elections, the Liberal Republicans argued that Reconstruction was a failure.

True

During the Civil War, Congress made grants for up to 100 million acres to the railroads.

True

In 1866, the Civil Rights Bill became the first major law in American history to be passed over a presidential veto.

True

In March 1865, the month before the Civil War ended, the Confederate Congress authorized the arming of slaves.

True

In the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment had not altered traditional federalism.

True

Opposition to Reconstruction resulted from the distaste many southerners had for tax increases that were needed to fund public schools and other improvements, and also because many white southerners could not accept black Americans voting, holding office, and enjoying equality before the law.

True

Prior to ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights applied only to laws made by the federal government, not to laws made by individual states.

True

Robert Smalls, a black representative in the United States House of Representatives, was elected to five terms in Congress.

True

Some 700 blacks sat in state legislatures during Reconstruction.

True

The Bargain of 1877 marked the formal end to Reconstruction.

True

The Civil Rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the "Second Reconstruction."

True

The KKK was founded in 1866 as a social club in Tennessee and served, in effect, as a military arm of the Democratic Party.

True

The country was plunged into an economic depression in 1873, and support among Republicans for further reforms in the South weakened.

True

The period of Radical Reconstruction began in March 1867 with Congress's adoption of the Reconstruction Act over the president's veto and ended in 1877.

True

Which of the following was not a major cause of the decline of Reconstruction?

a deepening of mutual respect between black and white southerners, making Reconstruction seem no longer necessary

Which of the following was not a significant factor behind the Union's defeat of the Confederacy?

a growing conviction on the part of Confederate soldiers that slavery was wrong

During Reconstruction, the black church functioned as a vital setting for:

all of the above.

Sharecropping

allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

In the summer of 1865, President Andrew Johnson ordered nearly all land in federal hands:

be returned to its former owners.

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871:

defined crimes that deprived citizens of their civil and political rights as federal offenses, and under these laws President Grant sent federal marshals to arrest hundreds of accused Klansmen.

The Reconstruction Act of March 1867:

divided the South into five military districts and called for creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote.

By 1862, how many states composed the Confederate States of America?

eleven

What did Frederick Douglass encourage African-Americans in the North to do as part of the war effort after 1863?

enlist in the United States Army

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to:

ensure a fair and viable system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

Abraham Lincoln's January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation:

freed some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control.

In the five years following the end of the Civil War, former slaves were guaranteed the following in three amendments to the United States Constitution:

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; the vote for adult black men

Which of the following was not a widespread activity among newly emancipated blacks?

moving to the North in search of greater freedom and opportunity

As meant in the section on the free labor system, define "free labor":

non-slave labor in a market economy

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

none

In consequence of the "Bargain of 1877," President Rutherford B. Hayes:

ordered federal troops to be withdrawn from the South.

"The destruction of slavery led feminists to search for ways to make the promise of free labor real for women." Define "feminists" in this context.

persons who held a view advocating social, political, and other rights for women equal to those of men

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution:

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

Which of the following was not a major thrust of expanded federal activity during the war?

protection of labor's right to organize

The Civil War is sometimes called "the first modern war" because it used weapons and other technological advances of the industrial revolution. Which of the following was not one of these advances?

radios

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

ratification of Thirteenth Amendment; Tenure of Office Act; impeachment of Johnson; election of Grant

Which of the following was not a central thrust of the Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution?

redistribution of the former slaveowners' land among the freed slaves

Following the Civil War, white and black farmers in the South:

saw the price of cotton fall steadily.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

second Confiscation Act; enlistment of blacks as Union soldiers; congressional passage of Thirteenth Amendment

Which was not a principal task of the Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1870)?

support black churches and businesses

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that:

the Union victory created a golden opportunity to institutionalize the principal of equal rights for all, regardless of race.

What was being reconstructed (constructed again) in Reconstruction?

the nation

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction:

were often convicted of vagrancy and fined; sometimes they were then auctioned off to work for the person who paid the fine.

Following the Texas Revolt of 1835-36, the newly formed Republic of Texas resisted annexation by the United States.

False

From his first week in office as president, Abraham Lincoln sent troops into battle against the South.

False

The Free Soil Party contended that the western lands should stay "free" of settlement by the United States.

False

The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against compulsory public education.

False

The Sea Island experiment was an experiment in the Sea Islands of South Carolina in which a large breakwater was constructed to stop massive flooding during hurricanes.

False

There were thirteen state members of the Confederate States of America, the same number as stars on the Confederate flag.

False

Which is not true of the battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862?

General McClellan and the Army of the Potomac followed up their victory at Antietam with a rapid "lightning strike" into the South, both against General Robert E. Lee's forces and, subsequently, against the city of Richmond.

Which of the following was not a significant feature of gold-rush California?

In the absence of a stable legal system, local settlers frequently took the law into their own hands.

Which of the following groups was not a major target of the New York City draft riots?

Irish immigrants

Henry Clay lost the 1844 election because:

James G. Birney, running on the Liberty Party ticket, received 16,000 votes in New York.

The commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was:

Robert E. Lee.

Which was not part of the Irish experience on their arrival in the United States in the late 1840s and 1850s?

Soon after their arrival, most Irish became strong proponents of the Republican Party.

One of the leading figures of the Democratic Party in the 1850s was

Stephen Douglas

Which of the following was not a significant wartime development?

The harder things went for the Confederacy, the more unified its citizens became.

Which of the following was a Confederate advantage in fighting the Civil War?

The leading southern commander, General Robert E. Lee, was a brilliant battlefield tactician and served as head of the Confederate States army throughout the entire war.

Black soldiers played a crucial role in winning the Civil War and in defining the war's consequences.

True

Black valor on the battlefield won over many northerners to a belief in equal rights before the law, regardless of race.

True

John Brown and his followers murdered five supporters of slavery at Pottawatomie Creek in May 1856.

True

The Wade-Davis Bill, introduced in Congress in the summer of 1864, required a majority of white male southerners to pledge support for the Union before Reconstruction could begin, and guaranteed blacks equality before the law, but not the vote.

True

The first income tax was enacted under the leadership of the Republican Party.

True

Victory over Mexico in the Mexican War added more area to the United States than had the Louisiana Purchase.

True

When the Mormons settled in Salt Lake City, Utah was part of Mexico.

True

Within months of the Dred Scott decision by the United States Supreme Court, Scott and his wife were emancipated.

True

Which of the following was not a feature of the rise of southern nationalism during the late 1850s?

a high-level conspiracy to take over the federal government through a military coup

A "Civil War" is:

a war between political factions or regions within the same country.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in December 1865:

abolished slavery throughout the Union

Which was not part of Lincoln's appeal to northern voters in the 1860 election?

as an earlier candidate of the Know-Nothing Party, he appealed to immigrant voters

During the Civil War, the term "contraband camps" was used to refer to:

camps of fugitive slaves.

General Robert E. Lee launched his September 1862 invasion into Maryland with a variety of goals in mind, including all of the following except:

capturing Yorktown and possibly Baltimore.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854:

established the principal of popular sovereignty whereby the status of slavery would be determined.

The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called:

manifest destiny.

At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia, in December 1862:

northern forces suffered one of their worst defeats of the war.

Of the more than 180,000 black men who served in the Union army during the Civil War, how many died of disease, of wounds, or in battle?

one-third

In the term "popular sovereignty," define "sovereignty."

power in decision-making

Which of the following territories did not come to the United States as a result of its victory in the Mexican War?

present-day Arizona

When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution

protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

Which of the following best describes Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

relatively lenient

From 1840 to 1860, immigration:

resulted in 4 million new arrivals into the United States

In the 1850s, two great areas of industrial production had arisen in consequence of the market revolution. These were:

the Atlantic Coast from Baltimore to Boston, and the cities around the Great Lakes.

Which of the following was the Gettysburg Address specifically designed to communicate?

the need for national reunion

According to the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act:

the question of whether slavery would be allowed in these territories would be decided by local (white) settlers.

Which of the following was not a source of growing disaffection among whites on the Confederate home front?

the recruitment of slaves to serve as Confederate army officers

In the Compromise of 1850:

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia

In the mid-1850s, the Republican Party sought:

to prevent the spread of slavery.

Define "secede."

to withdraw formally from membership in

The Homestead Act:

took effect on January 1, 1863, and offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the West.

Rose Greenhow

was a Confederate spy in Washington, D.C.

The Republican Party, founded in 1854:

was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers.

General George B. McClellan was notorious for his military recklessness.

False

George E. Pickett's division marched across an open field toward Union forces in July 1863 at Chancellorsville.

False

In 1860, the Republican Party platform sought to lower taxes by decreasing the tariff.

False

In his 1858 Senate campaign against Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln called for the immediate abolition of slavery.

False

In the famous brawl on the floor of Congress, antislavery advocate Senator Charles Sumner was beat almost to death by Representative Preston Brooks over a debate regarding the legitimacy of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

False

John Brown was a Confederate hero martyred in his attempt to preserve what is now West Virginia as a slave state.

False

Lincoln waited until after the Union victory at Gettysburg to deliver the Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863.

False

Over the course of the war, the Union troops had stronger morale, but the Confederate troops were better supplied.

False

The Crittenden Compromise would have guaranteed the end to slavery in states where it existed already, after a seven-year cooling-off period.

False

Northerners opposed to the Union cause were known as:

Copperheads.

Because of the harsh cruelties she witnessed during the war, Mary Livermore believed the extension of suffrage to anyone other than white men was to blame. For the rest of her life, she opposed all forms of political enfranchisement, including woman suffrage.

False

By 1850, the South's railroad networks accounted for approximately 50 percent of the lines in the nation.

False

During the Civil War, the North instituted a draft, but the South never did.

False

Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, was an effective leader of his new nation.

False

Under the Fugitive Slave Act, no slaves were ever actually returned to the South.

False

While the Fugitive Slave Act was a symbolic victory for the proslavery side, it was seldom enforced.

False

George E. Pickett's crack division marched across an open field toward Union forces into withering gunfire in July 1863 at:

Gettysburg.

In the 1844 presidential election:

James K. Polk, a slaveholder, was the Democratic Party's nominee.

In the presidential election of 1848:

Lewis Cass of Michigan won the Democratic Party nomination.

Which was not true of the Alamo?

The Alamo was a U.S. fortress (or mission compound) on U.S. soil.

Which of the following was not a significant theme of public protest against America's war on Mexico?

The Mexican military was likely to overpower American forces; it was foolhardy to challenge Mexico.

A slave craftsman named Phillip Reed directed the assembly of the statue that adorns the top of the Capitol building dome in Washington, D.C.

True

Another name for the American Party of 1854 was the Know-Nothing Party.

True

As late as 1860, California's population of men outnumbered women by nearly three to one.

True

By 1860, New York City had become the nation's financial, commercial, and manufacturing center.

True

Margaret Garner, a slave who had escaped to Ohio, killed her own daughter rather than see her returned to slavery by federal marshals.

True

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848:

ended the Mexican War.

"David Wilmot proposed a resolution in Congress prohibiting slavery in all territory acquired from Mexico." Define "prohibiting."

forbidding

Which of the following pieces of the statue atop the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. was part of a controversy concerning slavery?

her cap

When California became a state in 1850:

it entered the Union as a free state.

In the Dred Scott decision of 1857, the word "Dred" was used because:

it was the plaintiff's first name.

At Vicksburg in July 1863:

the Union, under U.S. Grant's leadership, was victorious.

The Free Soil Party's platform called for:

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war in U.S. history.

True

Photographs of battlefields, soldiers, war dead, war encampments, and so forth carried the war into millions of Americans' living rooms.

True

Pickett's charge at Gettysburg marked "the high tide of the Confederacy."

True

The United States Army earnestly pursued the enlistment of black soldiers following the Emancipation Proclamation.

True

By making the Union army an agent of emancipation and joining together the goals of Union and abolition, the Emancipation Proclamation sounded the eventual death knell of slavery.

True

By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die.

True

During the mid-1850s, Kansas witnessed a series of bloody conflicts between pro- and antislavery groups.

True

For almost a decade, from the mid-1830s to 1845, the Republic of Texas was neither part of the United States nor part of Mexico.

True

In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize.

True

In their initial pronouncements, Confederate leaders stressed the preservation of white supremacy and slavery.

True

Lincoln shared many of the racial prejudices of his day.

True

Born during George Washington's presidency, James Buchanan had served in Pennsylvania's legislature, in both houses of Congress, and as secretary of state under James K. Polk by the time he was elected president.

True

By 1860, nearly 300,000 men, women, and children had traveled overland to Oregon and California.

True

Many late-nineteenth-century "captains of industry" made their initial fortunes during the Civil War.

True