Give Me Liberty: Chapter 16
The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is
"Cooperative commonwealth"
Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?
1880
Between 1870 and 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?
25 million
According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.
False
Although ethnic diversity is generally associated with eastern cities, in the late nineteenth century the most multicultural state in the Union was Arizona.
False
American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.
False
At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.
False
Compared to other religions expanding to the West, the Mormon experience was relatively peaceful and the community accepting.
False
During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.
False
Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society.
False
In 1879, for the first time since the Civil War, the United States departed from the gold standard.
False
In the late 1800s, Protestants attempted reforms to "stamp out sin," yet were tolerant of businesses opening on Sundays.
False
In the late 1800s, farm families in the trans-Mississippi West became less dependent on loans as they were able to purchase land, machinery, and industrial products despite the prices for agricultural goods in the world market.
False
The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.
False
The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.
False
The new American Indian groups that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there.
False
With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.
False
Which of the following can be associated with the decline of the Knights of Labor?
Haymarket Square
In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except
Irish Americans
The author of How the Other Half Lives (1890) was
Jacob Riis
The new agricultural empire producing wheat and corn for national and international markets arose on the
Middle Border
In Wabash v. Illinois, this prior ruling was essentially reversed.
Munn v. Illinois
What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes?
Progress and Poverty
All of the following were "captains of industry" except
Samuel Gompers
The belief that private control of economic enterprises should be replaced by government ownership in order to ensure a fairer distribution of the benefits of the wealth produced is called
Socialism
Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company?
Standard Oil Company
The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?
Statue of Liberty
"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.
True
By 1880, persons of Chinese descent made up over half of California's farm workers.
True
By 1890, the vast majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states.
True
By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay.
True
By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.
True
Compared to the United States and the American Indians, Australia's handling of the Aboriginal people was harsher.
True
During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.
True
Following the Civil War, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the American Indian economy.
True
In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.
True
In setting out to destroy the Indian economy and way of life, Civil War veterans almost decimated the buffalo population.
True
Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.
True
On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.
True
The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing office-holding from the hands of political machines.
True
The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.
True
The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.
True
The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians.
True
The first national labor walkout occurred in 1877 and was the Great Railroad Strike.
True
The most famous American Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.
True
The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a ten-hour day maximum for bakers.
True
The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was
William M. Tweed
The event marking the end of four centuries of armed conflict between the continent's native population and European settlers and their descendants was called
Wounded Knee
In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from
a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.
Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?
a pan-Indian movement which involved singing, dancing, and religious observances believed to be reminiscent of earlier prophets
The United States underwent one of the most rapid and profound economic revolutions any country has ever experienced. Which of the following is a major factor?
abundant natural resources
William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was
an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.
The 1887 Dawes Act
led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.
By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?
one third
The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of
removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."
The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was
the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in
the North and the Midwest.
The spirit of innovation contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?
the airplane
Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that
the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.
In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was
the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.
Legal devices whereby the affairs of several rival companies were managed by a single director are called
trusts
What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?
Knights of Labor
In the late 1800s, this geographic area experienced the most dramatic growth in capitalism.
land west of the Mississippi River
This improvement was key in both the division of time zones as well as improving sales in such brands as Ivory soap and Quaker Oats.
standard gauge for railroads
In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?
steel
Founded in 1867, this group claimed more than 700,000 members in the mid-1870s, who called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges.
the Grange