global finals hw questions

75. What techniques of imperial administration did the Persian empire use? Please refer to pages 108-110 and consider the role of

(a) religion and ritual - rituals that follow the leader in a respectful way (b) administrative system - each had officials and imperial spies (c) relations with minorities - there was a policy respect, he let the exiled come back (d) economic policies - there was standardized coinage, predictable taxes, royal road, an elaborate underground irrigation system

1. Name of the Mongol Empire in China Yuan 2. Vast belt of dry grassland where the Mongols lived 3. Period of regional stability and increased trade brought about by the Mongols: 4. Leader of the Mongol Empire in China: 5. First person to unite the various Mongol tribes: 6. City that became the center of Russia political life as a result of the Mongol Empire:

1. Yuan 2. steppes 3. pax mongolia 4. kublai khan 5. Genghis Khan 6. Kiev

1. Where did Islam begin? 3. The founder is Islam is the prophet 4. To achieve salvation, Muslims perform acts of worship known as 5. Islamic law required that Jews and Christians - 6. Who did Muslims consider the "people of the book"? 7. According to Islamic tradition, how did Muhammad receive the word of Allah? 8. A common thread of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is? 9. Which are the 5 Pillars of Faith? What are they? 11. Under Abbasid rule, a key force unifying the Muslim Empire was 12.What factors contributed to the rapid expansion of the early Muslim empire 13.What famous battle halted the spread of Islam into Western Europe? 14. Where did traders and merchants spread Islam? 15. The golden age of Muslim culture was best known What are the scientific achievements of the Muslims? 16. The decline of women's position within Islamic civilization was due to? 17. What is a caliph? A ruler of the Islams 18. What do the Shi'a believe? Sunnis? 19. What is the major impact of the Delhi Sultanate - 20. What goods were traded in the Trans-Saharan -21. Which areas remained Christian despite the spread of Islam in Africa? 22. What groups were most responsible for converting Indians to Islam? 23. What groups in India were mostly likely to convert to Islam? 24. Who is Mansa Musa? Impact and Effects

1.In the central Arabisn peninsula, it spread throughout scattered cities and deserts. 3.Muhhamad 4.The Five/Six pillars of faith 5.Pay a tax because they were non Muslims 6.Jews and Christians 7. Through revelations 8. the monotheism 9. Accept allah as God, Pay five times a day, Pilgrimage to hajj, Fasting, and Almsgiving 11. The economy trades with other empires. 12. Muslim armies were well disciplined, as well as others willing convesion to Islam 13. Spain vs Muslims? 14. At the trading outposts 15. Algebra, optics , adopting Indian concepts 16. The mixing of traditions that involved veiling women, and the hadith of Muhhamed. 17. A ruler of the Islams 18. Shias believe that the successor of Muhhamed should be blood related to him, and believe that the Imam should have political and religious authority. Sunnis believed that the ruler did not have to be blood related. 19. The mixing of Arabic and Indian cultures, and the expansion of Islam into South Asia and India 20. gold and salt 21. Ethiopia remained christian, and most of the southern parts of Africa still remained Christian (if they were) because the traders didn't go down there often. 22. Sufis because they appealed the most to the Indians. They liked men who were filled with god and detached themselves from materialistic things. 23. Disillusioned Buddhists, untouchables (low caste hindus) 24. He was a man who got rich in Africa because of the gold salt trade. He decided to convert to Islam and travelled to Hajj. This influenced other people to also convert to Islam.

8. What was the population of China in the Song Era?

100 million

81. Who was Ashoka? What were his Achievements?

3rd Indian emperor and he left his thoughts and on stone and on pillars. He left a legacy of governing with religious values and moral teachings of hinduism and buddhism.

7. Famous European explorer who visited the Mongol Empire in China: 8. Name for the regions that the Mongol Empire was divided into: 9. Country that the Mongols were unable to conquer: 10. Name of the Mongol Empire in Russia: 11. People of herd domesticated animals: 12. Tents that the Mongols lived in:

7. Marco Polo 8. Golden Hordes, Yuan Dynasty, Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate the four khanates 9. Japan 10. khanate of the Golden Horde 11. pastoralists 12. Yurts

Some historians consider the Heian period in Japan as a "Golden Age." Provide examples of why this could be true.

A Lot of wealthy people moved to Heian. The people learned to write poetry and to paint. A lot of novels were written.

18. What is the Neolithic Revolution?

A Neolithic Revolution is a deliberate cultivation of particular plants as well as taming particular animals. When people started to settle in places

113. What is Greek Fire?

A combination of ingredients that created a flammable concoction, it was used similar to a flamethrower.

77. What was the most distinctive feature of Greek civilization?

A distinctive feature of the greek civilization was that they had something called citizenship where free people controlled the affairs of state, of equality for all citizens before law. extent of participation.

4. What is humanism?

A movement that focused on human potential and achievements.

5. What is a nomad?

A nomad is someone who is always moving or traveling and they don't stay at the same place a lot.

4. What is a pastoralist?

A pastoralist is someone who heavily relies on their herds of domesticated animals for survival.

6. What is jizya?

A type of tax that was paid in order for you to practice your own religion freely

According to James I, why are kings justly called Gods?

According to James I kings are justly called gods because they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth according to james I

2. When did Homo sapiens begin to migrate? After 100,00 years they began to migrate out of Africa.

After 100,00 years they began to migrate out of Africa.

20. In what ways did agriculture spread? - Agriculture spreaded by as people were colonizing and staying in one spot, people were continually populating and gradually started to move outward.

Agriculture spreaded by as people were colonizing and staying in one spot, people were continually populating and gradually started to move outward.

64. What is the name of the God of Islam?

Allah

2. Define the following terms:

Allah - Islam's god Quran - sacred scripture of Islam Muslim - it means one who submits Umma - a community of believers, that replace tribal, ethinc, or racial identities Five Pillars of Islam/Faith - the core messege of the quarran Hajj - a pilgrimage to Mecca Six Pillar - it was a further requirement for believers, and it meant struggle, jihad live a god conscious life to live the right way Sharia - the Islamic law mosque - place where muslims worship

10. Who is the "elect?" What is predestination?

An elect is someone who god chooses to save and this doctrine is called the predestination.

73. What is an empire?

An empire is a simple state, political system. It's when various people and cultures have a single political system.

171. Define the following terms:

Archipelago - chain of islands Shinto - was a japanese religion that meant way of the gods. The Tale of Genji - a masterpiece written by Lady Murasaki's it is an account of the life of a prince in the imperial court. Samurai - loyal warriors Bushido - a code of behavior that samurai's followed Shogun - supreme general, had power of military dictator

20. How did the printing press affect the Protestant Reformation?

As the printing press made it easier to produce books, the preotestant reformation spread through the books.

9. How many cities had a population of at least 1 million?

At Least 10 cities

92. How did the status of elite women change over time in classical Rome?

At first men had all the power and had the right to kill them but overtime they got more rights and wealthier women were able to take part in their marriage

12. Why did Henry the VIII want to annul his marriage?

Because his wife couldn't get him a male heir and also he got bored of her.

104. Why was Eastern Europe able to defend itself from the Germanic and Hun invaders?

Because it had a stronger navy, it had a strong walled capital, and it had command of the eastern Medditeranian. It also had strong diplomacy.

76. Explain why was Greece a collection of city-states rather than an empire?

Because they divided everyone up into between 500 and 5000 citizens. Greece was on a peninsula with many mountains that did not let them expand.

18. Explain how Buddhism spread to China, changed in China, what roles it played in China, and why it lost state support.

Buddhism first spread to China through the Silk road trading network. Buddhism changed in china by there was a concept that "husbands supports wife" changed to "husband controls wife" Also the Buddishts notion of morality was translated to filial submission and obedience.

18. What modern day country is the Khmer Empire?

Cambodia

24. In what regions were Chiefdoms popular? .

Chiefdoms were popular in the Pacific Islands, North America, Mesopotamia.

17. In what ways was China changed by engagement with the wider world?

China learned cultivation and processing of cotton and sugar from India. From Vietnam China gained access to fast-ripening rice.

112. The church officially split in 1054 CE. What occurred after that led to irreparable separation?

Constantinople was taken over by the Western forces, and the heads of the churches kicked each other out

23. Who developed the heliocentric theory? What beliefs did this theory challenge?

Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory and this beliefs challenged that Earth and the other planets orbited the sun

17. What city was the center of Islamic Spain?

Córdoba

74. What "common problems" did empires of this era face?

Didn't have enough jobs because the population was growing. Because emperors were growing in size they had a harder time keeping everyone organized. how would they get revenue or money.

91. What were the different political systems that developed in Rome?

Different political systems that developed in Roman were in the beginning there was a monarchy then a republic, there were two consuls. There was also a written code of law. then it became an empire

13. Who in India would convert of Islam?

Disillusioned Buddhists, low caste Hindus converted to Islam. People who were making a translation to settled argiculture also found Islam attractive.

118. What are the three great rivers of Russia?

Dnieper, Don and Volga

16. How did the Council of Trent reform the Catholic Church?

During the Council of Trent the bishops and cardinals agreed on several doctrines.

14. Use a dictionary to define the term "egalitarian." Why were Paleolithic societies egalitarian?

Egalitarian means that all people are equal and deserve equal rights. Paleolithic societies in the beginning respected men and women equally and both had important roles.

9. Summarize the process of migration into each of the following regions:

Eurasia - Humans first migrated to the Middle East then to west-ward into Europe then eastward into Asia 45,000 years ago. The ice age 20,000 years ago pushed northerly European people to soutward. 45,000 years ago Australia - Early humans migrated to Australia 60,000 years ago and they came from Indonesia and they were the first to migrate with a boat. The Americas - they came from Asia, the earliest settlement to the Western Hemisphere took a long time because the humans had to penetrate the frigid lands of eastern Siberia. The first migration happened between 30,000 and 15,000 years ago. The Pacific - this was the last phase of human migration. This migration happened 3,500 years ago. They used canoes and their remarkable navigational skills.

3. What enabled Europeans to establish Empires in the Americas?

First the Europeans were simply closer to American than any other competitors. The fixed winds of the Atlantic Ocean blew steadily in the same direction and once the Eurpoeans understood and mastered the air currents, it made it easier for them to get to America than other empires. had innovations such as mapmaking, navigators, sailing techniques, and ship designs

3. What setbacks did the Mongols encounter throughout their moment?

First, China alone outnumbered the Mongols 100 to 1, and had much more resources.

120. What are the important achievements of Vladimir's rule?

He expanded into Poland, he fought the nomads and formed important trading alliances. He also spread christianity.

7. What role did Johannes Gutenberg play in the Protestant Reformation?

He helped spread about the protestant reformation He created a printer which made creating a book much faster and through these books they spreaded reformation

12. How did Louis XIV weaken the power of the nobility?

He made them move to his new palace, which made the nobility completely dependent on him and by kicking them out of their house it made the intendants more powerful.

10. What economic policies did Louis XIV follow?

He wanted France to make their own goods and not rely on trades and other empires. He wanted France to be self-sufficient.

9. What were the effects of Mongol rule in Persia?

Heavy taxes pushed the peasants out from their lands, the pastoral Mongols moved in and turned much of the farmland into pastures or deserts, irrigation was neglected, and that means a lot of the good agricultural land went to waste. Wine production, however, increased and the silk industry thrived.

59. Who is the God of Zoroastrianism?

Heramosta

1. Where and when did humankind emerge?

Humankind emerged in Africa 250,000 years ago.

15. Who is the founder of the Jesuits?

Ignatius

What was the cause of the English Civil War?

In 1641, Parliament passed laws to limit royal power, because of this Charles tried to arrest Parliament's leaders in January 1642, but he was unable too. then with a furious mob of Londoners. Charles fled London and raised an army in the north of England, where people were loyal to him. From 1642 to 1649, supporters and opponents of King Charles fought the English Civil War.

8. What corrupt practices of the Catholic Church did Martin Luther protest?

In particular, he objected to the selling of indulgences. Luther also objected to the Church's teachings on a more fundamental level.

110. Describe the cultural differences between the eastern and western Church.

In the West, Latin was the main Church language, while the Eastern church adopted Greek as the main church language

90. In what ways is India's class system different from China?

India gave priority to religious status, in India they divided society into vast numbers of different social groups while China have fewer, mobility was different

9. How did Islam affect Indian Ocean trade?

Islam was friendly to commerical life, Muhammad himself was a trade. they provided an area for Muslim traders and this intesified commerical activity in the Indian Ocean. Muslim Mercants established communities of traders

16. What examples of syncretism are evident in West Africa?

Islam were the culture of urban elites and even spread a little into rural areas. Rulers would try to impose the Islam religion to rural areas and to make them follow the Islamic law. If a Muslim were to convert to Christianity they would be exiled.

21. What is the relationship between Islam and merchant activity?

Islamic merchants dealt in a wide variety of trade goods including sugar, salt, textiles, spices, slaves, gold, and horses. The expanse of the Islamic Empire allowed merchants to trade goods all the way from China to Europe. Many merchants became quite wealthy and powerful.

103. When did the Byzantine Empire begin?

It began in 330 CE

122. What effect did the Crusades have on Kiev?

It disrupted trade, and that means it also made the distorted state of Kiev even worse.

108. When did the Byzantine Empire end? What group ended the empire?

It ended in 1453 when the Turkic Ottoman Empire took Constantinople, the Byzantine empire was significantly weakened due to the invasions of Catholic Crusaders and other Western European powers.

10. Look at the map on pages 16-17 - what is the most recent area settled?

It is Easter Island

105. What continuities from the Roman tradition did the Byzantine adopt?

It kept its roads, taxation systems, military structures, centralized government, imperial laws, Christian Church, and it actively tried to maintain those traditions, even calling itself the "New Rome". It even didn't allow people to wear boots, trousers or have long hair because those were considered Germanic customs.

19. Why is the printing press an important technological change?

It made books easier to make, so hundreds of copies were created.

1. What does Renaissance mean?

It means rebirth.

52. What is filial piety?

It means to show respect to your elders.

15. How did the practice of foot binding reflect the changing status of Chinese women?

It showed the status of Chinese women was declining because they were restricted to their house, status symbol of wealthy

13. What did the Act of Supremacy in England do?

It was England cutting ties with the pope and roman catholic church

114. What was the Byzantine Empire's economic relationship with the world?

It was a major part of Eurasian trade. Its coin, the bezant, was widely used in the Mediterranean basin. It traded a lot of luxury goods

6. Explain how Indian Ocean trade was not done between regions/countries.

It was a matter of shorthand and convenience. not as empires trading but as traders trading with traders

23. What does the archeological evidence of Catal Huyuk tell us about early villages?

It was a settled village and was in the same place. There was no indication of female or male domination and was a well put society.

8. The author states that the "Ottoman Empire was a state of enormous significance in the world of the 15th century." Why does he say this?

It was huge in territory, had a long duration, many diverse people, and economic and cultural sophistication, and was one of the greatest empires in history. In terms of wealth, power, and splendor only the Ming dynasty and the Incas matched with the Ottoman Empire.

119. What is Novgorod?

It was known as Russia's first most important city

9. Why is 1453 an important date in World History?

It was marked as the final demise of Christin Byzantium and let the Ottoman Empire see themselves as successors to the Roman Empire. when the constantinople fell to the ottoman

11. How was the language of Swahili created?

It was written in Arabic script and had Arabic loan words, created based on trade

5. Who were dhimmis and what privileges did they have?

Jews, Christiens, and Zoroastrians were known as dhimmis, they were second-class subjects. They were freely allowed to practice their own religion as long as they paid a special type of tax called jizya. Had legal protection

18. Who invented the printing press?

Johann Gutenberg

20. Which empire/country did celadon pottery come from?

Korea

49. What is the basic belief of Legalism?

Legalism was belief in laws.

14. Who was the most famous poet of the Tang Song era?

Li Bo and Tu fo.

61. How did the Jewish people view their relationship with Yahweh?

Like a contract, it was a mutual covenant

15. How did Islamic beliefs blend with traditional beliefs in West Africa?

Many West Africa cities became major centers of Islamic religious life. Arabic also became an important language of religion. Rulers started to adopt Islam

15. Write a comparative thesis to the question: "Analyze the similarities and differences between Mongol rule in China and Russia."

Mongol rule in both China and Russia involved the exploitation of their resources in order to gain wealth, however Mongol rule in China had quite a lot of cultural mixing because of their occupation, but in Russia there was very little cultural mixing and occupation.

24. What was unique about Europe's relationship with the trade network created by the Mongols?

Mongols didn't conquer europe. Europe was less technologically involved than China and the islams.

5. What is a monsoon? How did it relate to Indian Ocean Trade?

Monsoons were wind currents that blew northeast during summer and southwest during the winter. Indian Ocean trade was possible because of this predictable weather.

4. Why were the Arabs able to create a large empire so quickly?

Much of Afro-Eurasion became part of the Arabs. They were continually doing tribal raids. At the end they were able to defeat the Sassanid Empire and take the southern half of the Byzantine empire

18. What examples of intolerance between Christians and Muslims occurred in Spain?

Muslims were to avoid contact with Christens, Christen homes were to be built lower than those of Muslims, priests weren't allowed to carry a cross of a bible.

51. Are all people equal in Confucianism? Explain.

No because there were unequal relationships, the father being superior to the son and to the wife and the ruler to the subject.

70. Identify the ways in which Christianity and Buddhism changed after the lives of the founders?

None of them wanted to create a new religion but it did at the end. Artisans, traders, low social class.

7. How did the Islamic empires limit the disruptive impact of their expansion into new areas?

Not forcible convert people, restricted their armies

83. What are two interesting facts about the Great Stupa of Sanchi?

Oldest stone building in India and it has relics of the buddha.

95. Identify the political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that Roman and Han Empires created, which eventually led to their decline, collapse, and transformation into successor empires or states.

One common factor that led both empires to their downfall was their empires got too big, too overextended, and too expensive to be sustained by their available sources. There was also constant rivalry for both empires which created an instability. At the time there was also an epidemic disease that destroyed both societies. Wealthy landowners got too much power.

8. Why is our knowledge of Paleolithic people largely "unknowable?"

Our knowledge of Paleolithic people is largely unknowable because their peoples did not write.

Who won the English Civil War?

Parliament won the English Civil War.

19. What are the similarities of the Neolithic Revolution across the world?

People were settling in one area and started to farm.

How did the Petition of Right limit the power of the King of England?

Petition of Right limit the power of the King because he had to agree to the following points: Not to imprison subjects without due cause, Not to levy taxes without Parliament's consent, He would not house soldiers in private homes. He would not impose martial law in peacetime.

121. Why might Vladimir think it important that all his subjects become Christian?

Possibly to avoid internal religious conflicts

111. Describe the theological differences between the eastern and western Church.

Priests in the West had to shave and remain celibate, while priests in the East could grow beards and marry. The eastern church called for bread leavened with yeast for communion while the West did not include yeast.

68. What are the Five Pillars of Faith?

Profession of Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.

11. How did the Mongols govern Russia?

Since they did not have any garrison cities, and did not occupy Russia, the Mongols ruled Russia by exploitation. The Russian princes were required to send tribute to the Mongol capital at Sarai, and the Mongols used Russia for military backup. They kept religious toleration so the Russian Orthodox Church could flourish because it was exempt from taxation.

117. How did the Cyrillic alphabet affect the people of early Russia?

So that they were able to read the Bible in their own language.

8. How did the Mongols maintain their identity while governing China?

Some Mongol officials treated the Chinese like slaves, they didn't accommodate every aspect of Chinese culture and they also ignored the traditional Chinese examination system.

21. What changes did agriculture bring?

Some changes were that there was simple technology everywhere. They use a stick or a hoe to dig and plow and more.

3. Identify the crops that sustained early human life.

Some crops were potatoes, wheat, rice, and corn.

10. Note the Map on pg 517; you are responsible to know the location of the empires on the map.

Songhai Empire, Ottoman empire, Safavid EMpire, Mughai Empire

C. The Aztecs had a vibrant merchant economy.

Spain was stunned with their size of their trade goods, professional merchants were so wealthy that they exceeded nobility

19. What role did the Sufis play in spreading Islam?

Sufi's provided religious festivals, that helped spread Islam and make it more popular. They also renounced the legalistic/scholarly approach the Shias had. They appealed to women who were being restricted, because they allowed them to join as equals.

17. How did the Council of Trent reaffirm the traditional teachings of the Church?

That the bible teachings were final and any who changed it was a heretic.

25. What was revolutionary about the Agricultural Revolution?

The Agricultural Revolution was revolutionary because it changed people's lifestyle. there were now the rich and the poor, chiefs, and commoners, landowners and dependent peasants and rulers and subjects. e from nomadic to settlements in one place. They still impact our lives today.

115. How did the Byzantine Empire affect the development of early Russia?

The Byzantine Empire incorporated many Slavs into their culture and also introduced the cyrillic alphabet. They also gave them Christianity, which became russian orthodox christianity

106. Describe the Byzantine state.

The Byzantine State was smaller than the Roman Empire, because Syria, Egypt and North Africa were all lost to the Islamic expansion. It was a centralized state

14. What were the main differences between Mongol rule in China and Russia?

The Chinese and Mongols culturally mixed, but Russians and Mongols did not, Mongols adopted Chinese administrative systems, but did not adopt Russian administrative systems.

48. What Dynasty used/promoted Legalism?

The Han dynasty promoted Legalism. Han Fei was one of the most prominent legalist philosophers.

9. What was the intendant system?

The Intendant system was government agents who collected taxes.

22. Describe pastoral societies. Are they an example of something that did not change during the Neolithic Era?

The Pastoral Society was nomadic. This is an example of pastoral societies because they were nomadic.

60. What empire did Zoroastrianism find its support?

The Persian empire

93. What were the accomplishments of the Qin Dynasty and Shi Huangdi?

The Qin dynasty unified China and had also built the great wall of china. He had also built roads and coins

66. What is the Holy Book of Islam?

The Quran

55. What are the fundamental beliefs of Hinduism?

The beliefs of Hinduism is when they die they get reincarnated, had monothesitic religion.

6. When did the 1st cities and states emerge?

The cities and states emerged between 3500 and 600 B.C.E.

67. What is umma?

The community of Muslim, you don't have to start as a baby to believe in a religion

14. What is the Counter Reformation?

The counter reformation was the church's movement to keep their people remain loyal to the Catholic Church.

109. Identify the political differences between the eastern and western Church.

The difference between the western and eastern church was that the western church was independent from political authorities, meanwhile the eastern church the ruler was both head of the church and state.

19. What does the size and splendor of Angkor Wat suggest about the empire that constructed it?

The empire is also very huge and has lots of resources and people, valued religion.

9. Explain the encomienda system? What is it similar to?

The encomienda system was where the Spanish Crown repartimento

12. What was the environmental impact of the migrations into the Pacific?

The environmental impact of the migrations in the Pacific because the animals were extinct.

1. Look at the map on pg 530, what is the extent of the Mongol Empire?

The extent of the mongol empire is from the Pacific coast of Asia to Eastern Europe.

107. What was the focus of the Byzantine administrative system?

The focus of the Byzantine administration was to have a centralized government yet to also have appointed generals raise armies to protect the country. It also focused on getting taxes and maintaining order

17. What was the cause of the Great Transition?

The great transition was they learned to farm.

72. What were the major changes?

The major changes were the population of humans grew and another change was the states and empires grew in size, religious systems were founded, more writing systems.

16. How did Paleolithic people alter their environment?

The paleolithic altered their environment by deliberately setting fires to encourage the growth of particular plants. They led to the extinction of some plants and animals. Made warm clothing.

14. Why was Anatolia more thoroughly Islamized than India?

The population of Anatoli was way smaller compared to India, turkic-people would also settle in Anatolia giving a greater cultural weight than the small colonizing force that was in India. Also Anatoli was much more weakened than India. no cultural barriers. Anatolia was also already monotheistic and India had a polytheistic belief previously.

63. Who is the founder of Islam?

The prophet Muhammed

10. How did Mongol conquest in Russia compared to Persia and China?

The state of Russia was heavily divided. They took down city after city. It was similar to the Persian conquest because it began with much conquest. However, the Mongols did not occupy Russia. The Mongols felt that it did not have much to offer unlike China or Persia. It wasn't worth attempting to occupy.

7. Explain the term hunter-gatherer.

The term hunter-gatherer are people who forged and hunted food rather than farming food . They were people who gathered wild foods such as berries, nuts, roots, and grain and also hunting animals and fishing.

88. What is varna? What is jati?

The varna are the four ranked classes, and the jati was a social distinction based largely on occupations

13. How did the palace of Versailles typify the rule of an absolute monarch?

The whole palace was filled with Louis's riches and there was a huge statue of Louis at the place. This showed Louis's incredible wealth and power.

1. What features of Mongol technology are likely to have contributed to the success of their empire-building, and how?

Their bows and arrows were one of their technologies and this was successful because it helped them beat their opponents. saddle bags that were waterproof and could be inflated so they can cross rivers easily.

15. What evidence supports the following fact: "Printing and gunpowder technologies spread from East Asia into the Islamic empires and Western Europe."

Their technological innovations spread through trades, soldiers, slaves, and pilgrims. Chinese technology was simply just transferred from one place to another.

16. What was the "ripple effect" of China's economy in this era?

There inventions and technology was getting passed around by other countries and empires the great demand for chinese products

173. In what ways is Japan similar to western Europe in this time period? (c. 500-1300)

They also had a feudal system where there was an emperor who had the most power.

12. Read the picture caption on page 520 about janissaries.

They are the first standing army in the region since the days of the Roman Empire and they were armed with muskets, grenades, and handheld cannons

1. Explain how the beginning of Islam was different from the beginning of Christianity and Buddhism.

They both emerged in very developed societies.

8. How did Louis XIV become fearful of the nobility of France?

They chased him around trying to kill him and tore France apart, he ended us escaping to Paris. the revolt known as the fronde

11. What sect of Islam did the Safavid Empire follow?

They gave alms and fasted during Ramadan. Sonni Ali. the shia sect

9. What was the cause and significance of the Sunni-Shia split?

They had a problem with who should be the successor of Muhhamad. the 4 caliphs argued and two of them were assassinated

85. How was India a "focal point" for trade in the region?

They had lots of rich resources such as minerals and spices that were very valuable for trading. cotten

2. To what extent, and in what ways, was the Mongols' technology connected to their pastoral nomadic way of life?

They had portable anvil and forge allowed them to be nomadic while also being able to create weapons at any time or place.

13. Describe the characteristics of Paleolithic societies.

They lived in small bands and gathered plants and fished and hunted. Their bands had 50 people.

82. Summarize Cultural Achievements of the Gupta Era?

They made a lot of art, literature, math, science, and medicine.

10. Explain the beliefs of the Sufi and their relationship to mainstream Islam?

They represented Islam's mythical dimension, muslim scholors. The islams were using their spiritual practices.

7. What examples of "accommodation" did the Mongols make in governing China?

They used chinese administrative practices and techniques of taxation as well as their postal system.

1. Why and how did Venice become a powerful trading city?

They were a major center of the commercial network where their ships and merchants were active in the Mediterranean and the black seas, as well as the Atlantic coast. they acted as a middle man

3. What were the Mongols' most significant technological strengths? What are your reasons for considering them "significant"?

They were able to create high quality weapons, which helped them with hunting. Fighting, and also tro trade those weapons.

69. Compare the founders of Christianity and Buddhism.

They were both wisdom teachers, empathizing with love and compassion. Unseen level of reality. Time frame was different. Jesus's teachings were more social and political.

4. How were the Mongols able to be so militarily successful?

They were just simply better led, organized, and disciplined than other opponents. their military was known for ruthless brutality and utter destructiveness. They reorganized their entire social structure into military units, which was very effective for command and control.

Explain the ways in which Japan's geography affected its history.

They were next to a coast so they were able to do seafaring trades and since their land was mostly mountains they couldn't do much farming. Cultural influence from China

116. Who were Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril?

They were two eastern church missionaries whose goal was to spread the religion to the slavs

11. What was the negative effect of ending the Edict of Nantes?

Thousands of Huguenot artisans and business fled the country Many of France's skilled artists were now gone. mercantilism

4. What are transportation costs lower in the Indian Ocean than over the Silk Roads?

Transportation on the Sea roads were lower than transportation at Silk roads. ships could accommodate larger cargos

11. How did the Austronesian migration (into the Pacific pg.19) differ from the others?

Unlike other migrations they carried domesticated plants and animals. They wanted to colonize new lands so everywhere they went two developments followed.

11. Where did China get its new variety of rice from?

Vietnam. champa rice

11. What was the effect of Islam on women? Discuss both positive and negative.

Women had control over their own property, and were granted rights of their inheritance. Both genders were able to get a divorce if they wanted to. Men were able to have multiple wives while women were not allowed to. As the Arab empire got bigger, women's position became more limited, women were asked to offer prayers at home. they were forced to stay home more. inferior to men.

15. What was the role of women in the first societies?

Women were the primary food gathers.

creoles peninsulares mestizos

a. Spaniards born in Americas b. people who were born in spain but came to America c. are mixed-raced people who is both Spanish and Indian

a. quipu - b.Quechua - c. mita - d. gender parallelism -

a. knotted cords that served as an accounting device it recorded births, deaths, marriages, and other data b. it was a type of language that the Incas spoke c. a labor service which was required for every household d. when different genders have different jobs

23. It is often said that there was an Islamic Golden Age. What examples of achievements in arts, math and science do you read about?

algebra

10. What are the political characteristics of the East African City States?

all politically independent

87. What was the Indian caste system based on?

based on occupation, social class, society was divided into 4 classes

3. In what ways are the Aztecs and the Incas similar? Different?

based on previous civilizations and influences of other empires. incas tried to make their slaves culture, aztecs are tribute empire waru waru

3. Why did artists need patrons?

because the patrons supported the artists. no patrons mean no artists

16. Akbar is often referred to as "Akbar the Great." What evidence can support that notion?

being tolerant with beliefs, leaded a lot of hindus into the military, promotion of hindu building and temples, and prmoted women rights

86.How was the Indian Caste system similar to the Chinese social class system?

birth determined social status, limited social mobility,

15. How is Malacca similar to Timbuktu?

both became center of islamic commerce

4. Which three of the following did the Mongols need most when fighting other pastoral nomads, and which three did they need the most when fighting against a settled, agricultural state:

bows and arrows, armour, commmunciation equipment

13. What was the major cultural export of China?

buddhism

89. How could someone move into a higher social class?

by buying land or wealth, by copying the behaviors of higher caste groups, marrying someone richer, finding an overlooked ancestor.

12. How did the camel affect trade in West Africa?

camels were the main transportation, carried more stuff with them, they could go 10 days without water.

A. The Aztec Empire was a Tribute Empire.

conquered people were performed to require labor

2. How did the Russian Empire transform the lives of the people it conquered?

conversion, loss of land

21. What examples of cultural diffusion are present?

cooking, writing, imperial court, buddhism

84. What reasons does the author give for his statement that "neither imperial nor regional states commanded the kind of loyalty" that other civilizations did?

cultural diversity, frequency invasions, the caste system weakens the loyalty by being seperated it makes them not feel like they are united

5. Why did the peoples of the Americas die as a result of contact with the Europeans?

diseases

4. What are the main features of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty of China?

expanded land, foreign manchus from the north

B. The Aztecs modified the environment for agricultural use.

floating gardens, artificial land in swamp lands

13. What empires emerged in West Africa as a result of the Trans-Saharan Trade?

ganna, molly, and the song hai

2. How do environmental and cultural diversity lead to trade?

goods and tech to be produced for different people in different places.

12. What were the effects of Mongol rule in Russia?

got far less cultural influence. russian princes adapted the mongols weapons,

13. What is unique about the Songhai leader Sonni Ali? What is the Songhay Empire's importance in world history?

governed non muslims, practiced muslim beleifs, but also enjoyed a magicion, major center or islamic religion

78. The author states that "the chief significance of Alexander's (The Great) amazing conquests lay in the widespread dissemination of Greek culture..." What examples are used to support this claim?

greek monuments, sculptures, theaters, markets

10. List 5 inventions of the Song era.

gunpowder, mechanical clock, paper money, magnetic compass, and porcelain.

27. What were the causes and consequences of the voyages of Zheng He?

he sought to enroll the people in chinese tribute system, establish china's power, brought giraffes back to china, the money spent could have been used better.

14. How did the Mughals rule in relation to religious issues in India?

hinduism and buddhism, inclusive policies tried to be tolerant, abolishing tax for non believers, created a cult that was loyal to the empire

13. How was Mongol Rule in China and Russia similar?

in both Russia and China the Mongols took over their government. they were both used, the people were tortured or used

21. What is the relationship between Islam and merchant activity?

islamic civilization was not only a network of faith

5. What was the state of Japan when the Europeans encountered them in the 1400s?

isolated, large economy japan was under conflict with other empires, rival lords suppressed and became in charge of japan

3. Define the following terms:

jizya - a special type of tax dhimmis - they were Christiens, Jews, and Zoroastrians, protection of non-muslims caliph - succesor of Muhammad, a politcial and spiritual leader ulama - group of Muslim scholors imams - the leader of the Shia community Sunni - one side of the Muslims who said the caliphs were rightful and political leaders, leaders don't have to be blood related. Shia - the other sides of the Muslims that believe the leader should be blood relative with Muhammad

2. Who was Temujin?

known as Chinggis Khan (a universal leader)

2. In what ways was Renaissance life different from life during the Middle Ages?

life was tough and most of them lived for the later while the renaissance lived for th now.

7. What economic theory influenced European policy in the Americas? Explain it.

mercantilism, this theory encourage exports and accumulating bullion

17. How did Chinese ideas spread throughout East and Southeast Asia?

migration and trade

71. What were the major continuities from the 1st Civilizations through the "second wave" civilizations?

monarchs(king or emperor) continued to rule most civilizations, women were still a lower rank than men and there was still slavery going on, and the mass trade between empires.

3. How did the creation of the Russian empire fundamentally change Russia itself?

more russian settlers

17. How did Aurangzeb rule weaken the Mughal Empire?

music and dancing was banned, suppression of moral vices,

12. What trade route was important for China during this era?

ocean trades, the silk road.

Who ruled England during the Commonwealth Era?

oliver cromwell

8. What factors led to the growth of Indian Ocean Trade 500-1500?

one factor was the revival of China and the other involved with the sudden rise with the Islam. improved technologies in sails

22. What examples of cultural diffusion are in the reading?

paper making, learned from china.

16. What geographic feature is Korea?

peninsula

1. What security issue may have motivated Russian expansion?

people on frontier

79. What are the two main features of Indian civilization?

political fragmentation and vast cultural vasities.

3. What products were exchanged in the Indian Ocean?

porcelain, spices, cotton, pepper goods, ivory, gold, and incense

6. What did the Tokugawa Shogunate do in respect to foreign relations?

prohibited trade with Europeans and westerners. they isolated japan, self imposed isolation

26. What changes did the Ming Dynasty make to eliminate the traces of foreign rule?

promoted confucius learning, discourgaused the usage of their mongold names

65. What does Muslim mean?

submitter

9. What teachings of the Roman Catholic Church did Martin Luther protest?

that in order to get into heaven you must follow catholic rituals,

What is the Glorious Revolution?

the Glorious Revolution is when william overthrow of King James II

25. What were the causes and effects of the Plague?

the plague in China, the Islamic World, and Europe killed numerous people. The Middle East lost 1 third of the population. The rate of death was between 50 and 90 percent.

11. What is a theocracy? Where did Calvin establish a theocracy?

theocracy is government controlled by religious leaders, Calvin established theocracy in 1541, in Switzerland

5. What examples of the Mongol ability to mobilize resources are presented in the text?

they had an effective system of relay stations which provided rapid communication across the empire. has a systematic taxation of conquered people

12. What challenges did Islam face as it spread to India?

they had to compete against a establish religion hinduism, and the defacing of sacred places

6. How did the Mongols gain the Mandate of Heaven?

they unified china and by doing so the mongols were granted the mandate of heaven

8. What specific reasons did people convert to Islam?

they were able to avoid jizya, Islam was an aid to social mobilty

19. What role did the Sufis play in spreading Islam?

they would gather groups of disciples who were eager to learn practices and techniques of personal information. they were important in spreading Islam as they followed conquering armies and traders, their devotional teaching gained a hearing for the new fatih.

14. How did the Trans-Saharan Trade affect cities?

traders and merchants emerged

80. What techniques of imperial administration did the Mauryan empire use to govern?

used civilian beuarchecy, a big powerful military.