global issues test 1
Which of the following was a policy advocated by the post 9/11 Bush administration?
A call to move away from nuclear deterrence based on mutually assured destruction in favor of preemption
What biological weapons agent was mailed to members of government and the press in 2001 in the US?
Anthrax
Which US president authorized the dropping of atomic bombs at the end of WWII?
Harry S. Truman
hich US president authorized the dropping of atomic bombs at the end of WWII?
Harry S. Truman
Which US president negotiated a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union?
John F. Kennedy
Which of the following countries has been described as "high risk proliferator" in the 21st century?
North Korea
Which US president negotiated the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty?
Richard Nixon
Which of the following organizations was responsible for the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?
Al Qaeda
Decline of French and British empires Treaty of Versailles Pearl Harbor Trench warfare Holocaust End of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires Rise of Nazi Party in Germany Use of mustard gas
Answer 1: World War II Answer 2: Inter-war years (period between the wars) Answer 3: World War II Answer 4: World War I Answer 5: World War II Answer 6: World War I Answer 7: Inter-war years (period between the wars) Answer 8: World War I
Which of the following was the reason for why the US decided to openly participate militarily in WWII?
The attacks by the Japanese against the US at Pearl Harbor, HI
Which of the following is NOT an example of "hard" power?
The capacity to work within multilateral coalitions and inspire other countries to align with a particular state
When did World War I start?
1914
When did the United States enter World War II?
1941
What was "Operation Desert Storm"?
A large-scale air and ground operation to liberate Kuwait in 1991
Who was the Pakistani nuclear scientist responsible for supplying the North Korean government with the designs and technology to produce enriched uranium (necessary for its nuclear weapons program)?
A. Q. Khan
How many people have been displaced (internally and across state borders) by the Syrian Civil War (2011-present)?
About 9 million
International Governmental Organizations (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Include celebrities as founding members, so they can raise money and build awareness surrounding global issues Are generally for-profit organizations, like Nike or Toyota, and have gained increasing power in recent decades Are formed by countries to achieve common goals that they cannot solve on their own Are not made up of countries, but are rather best understood as civil society organizations
Are formed by countries to achieve common goals that they cannot solve on their own
Which of the following are examples of how vertical proliferation can challenge security (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
Arms buildups provide more weapons for governments and groups to engage in conflicts Spending money on stockpiling weapons diverts funds from social programs
Which of the following are examples of the social costs of military spending (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
As developing countries' military spending increases, their rate of economic growth declines and public debt increases In recent years, countries have spent a larger percentage on military spending than on social programs According to the CIA, in 2010, the U.S. ranked first in military spending and only twenty-seventh in life expectancy
Which of the following are necessary components of a modern definition of terrorism? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers).
Attacks are intended to influence an audience Attacks are concentrated against civilians and noncombatants
n his best seller, The World is Flat, Thomas Friedman points out that:
Because of globalization, individuals and small companies have new found power to compete globally
Who was the first truly post-Cold War president?
Bill Clinton
Which of the following organizations operates in Nigeria and has become very well-known the world over due to its mass kidnappings of school-aged girls?
Boko Haram
How did President Truman convince a reluctant Congress to appropriate hundreds of millions of dollars to aid Europe?
By scaring the American people about the communist threat which in turn put pressure on Congress to act
Nationalism and Religion (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
Can be considered the two most powerful forms of identification in the world today Are generally considered the only two forces that can legitimate social violence (as opposed to personal violence)
Sovereignty (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Can be seen in a positive form when a state fairly and effectively enforces traffic laws Can be seen in a negative form when a repressive state throws a person in jail for trumped up or fabricated reasons Is seen when a state deports immigrants who have illegally crossed borders looking for a better life Is held by all nations on the globe
Can be seen in a positive form when a state fairly and effectively enforces traffic laws Can be seen in a negative form when a repressive state throws a person in jail for trumped up or fabricated reasons Is seen when a state deports immigrants who have illegally crossed borders looking for a better life
Which of the following is NOT a conventional weapon?
Chemical agents
Why would a civil war in one country be important to the security of other states (select on all that apply)?
Civil wars can include mass civilian casualties (e.g. Rwandan genocide) with regional spill-over Civil wars can lead to a refugee crisis in a neighboring state Civil wars show that security is interconnected, because civil wars can disrupt trade or lead to an increase in the spread of disease across borders
What 1996 treaty sought to halt all nuclear test explosions?
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
What strategy was associated with the U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War?
Containment
What was the main goal of the Truman Doctrine?
Containment of communism
The text identifies which type of actors as the most salient (or prominent) global players that we "continually" read about as they try to solve global issues? NGOs Individuals Countries (states) MNCs
Countries (states)
Which U.S. government department maintains a list of foreign terrorist organizations?
Department of State
The case study on the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria offers an example of globalization because (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
Different countries have become heavily involved, backing different sides in the conflict Refugee flows have led to significant financial costs in host countries, as well as a rise in anti-Islamic feelings
Which of the following organizations is NOT an International Governmental Organization (IGO)? Organization of American States (OAS) United Nations Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières) UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières)
All of the following are Non-Governmental Organizations (or NGOs) except: Doctors Without Borders European Union Amnesty International Red Cross
European Union
What did the change from UNOSOM I to UNOSOM II say about how leaders think about security?
It indicates that rather than only thinking in military terms, world leaders wanted to see security as about both ending civil war and ending starvation
Nations are best defined as: Products of the Treaty of Versailles in 1648 Synonymous with states Groups connected by a unique mix of shared ethnicity, language, religion, culture, history, and/or sense of civic community The same now as they were under medieval feudalism
Groups connected by a unique mix of shared ethnicity, language, religion, culture, history, and/or sense of civic community
A state (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Is synonymous with a nation Has roots in the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 Is a political unit that has sovereignty over a geographic area Is synonymous with a country
Has roots in the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 Is a political unit that has sovereignty over a geographic area Is synonymous with a country
Ethnic Nationalism Civic Nationalism
Has the Kurds, Pashtuns, and Ibo as examplesIs a more exclusive form of nationalism, with membership limited by the unique elements of the groupSociety is united by a common language, religion, culture, and historical memory A more inclusive nationalism, as anyone could become a member of the nationSociety is united by territory, citizenship, and legal rights and codes transmitted to all members of societyHas the U.S. as an example, as witnessed by the country's diversity and founding ideals
Which of the following are examples of the social costs of military spending
In recent years, countries have spent a larger percentage on military spending than on social programs As developing countries' military spending increases, their rate of economic growth declines and public debt increases According to the CIA, in 2010, the U.S. ranked first in military spending and only twenty-seventh in life expectancy
One of the main driving forces of globalization is:
Information Technology
Cultural Imperialism (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
Is one reason cited for the animosity of some Arabs toward the United States Has led some countries, such as France, to adopt policies to regulate foreign influences
The Secretary General of the UN is:
Is the United Nation's main judicial organSettles legal disputes only between states
Usage of the internet (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
Is undertaken by a significant majority of the populations in Europe and North America Is almost half in Asia as a percentage of worldwide internet use (because such a large percentage of the world's population lives in Asia)
Which of the following organizations has controlled resources and territory in Iraq and Syria unmatched in the history of terrorist organizations?
Islamic State
The Cold War was "cold" because:
It never led to a direct war between the superpowers in Europe
The superpowers used the conflicts in or between other countries (e.g. ______________ and _____________) as a way to increase their influence in the world.
Korea / Vietnam
Globalization can (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
Lead to unwanted external influence in a country, such as with the Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election Help undermine the power of authoritarian governments Lead to "cultural imperialism" Result in more choices for consumers
Created after the First World War, the __________ was an attempt by states to create a collective security organization:
League of Nations
Which individual actor led Liberian women in non-violent protests against the violence in Liberia, winning the Nobel Peace Prize? Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Melania Trump Leymah Gbowee Malala Yousafzai
Leymah Gbowee
What is the traditional understanding of UN peacekeeping?
Lightly armored and neutral UN "Blue Helmets" are stabilizing regional conflicts through the separation of conflict parties
Which individual actor was shot in the face because of her work promoting the rights of women and girls in Pakistan, winning the Nobel Peace Prize? Leymah Gbowee Benazir Bhutto Malala Yousafzai Hillary Clinton
Malala Yousafzai
Multinational Corporations Nongovernmental Organizations International Governmental Organizations:
McDonaldsMicrosoft Red CrossCareGreenpeace OPECEuropean Union
Three essential components (types) of power identified by Nye include:
Military Power, Economic Power, Attraction (Soft) Power
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
More of the US military spending goes towards nuclear weapons than towards troops and conventional weapons
Which of the following is NOT true about Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and their impact on international affairs? NGOs help shape international public opinion NGOs can facilitate communications across state borders NGOs allow individuals to come together to deal with common concerns NGOs are solely responsible for inter-state cooperation I don't know One attemp
NGOs are solely responsible for inter-state cooperation
What led to the official start of World War II?
Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland
Nationalism can be seen in (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Nazi repression of Jews, Gypsies, and others during WWII The push by the Kurdish people for self-determination The fact that all nations are states with sovereignty Gandhi's drive for independence from Great Britain before and after WWII
Nazi repression of Jews, Gypsies, and others during WWII The push by the Kurdish people for self-determination Gandhi's drive for independence from Great Britain before and after WWII
Multinational Corporations (MNCs, sometimes called TNCs) are: Illegitimate actors on the world stage Divisions of the United Nations Non-state (non-governmental) actors, focused on profit Non-profit organizations
Non-state (non-governmental) actors, focused on profit
Which treaty in 1968 sought to limit the spread of nuclear weapons?
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) has been the focus of increasing worldwide attention because of its:
Nuclear weapons development programs
Soft Power:
Often comes from civil society (such as NGOs, universities, cultural institutions)
Nationalism is (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): One of the most important forms of human identity Sports fans with a fanatical love of their home team A shared sense of identity that has a purpose of gaining or keeping control of a group's destiny A force that guarantees a group (nation) will have sovereignty over a piece of territory
One of the most important forms of human identity A shared sense of identity that has a purpose of gaining or keeping control of a group's destiny Wrong
The drawing of state borders on maps during the age of exploration and colonialism: Led to the diminishment of sovereignty and national identity in world affairs Paved the way for rulers to exert sovereignty over specific areas, as opposed to the fuzzy boundaries found under feudalism Decreased citizen participation in government markedly in the countries that were drawn Was a key aspect of medieval feudalism, leading to local identities tied to local nobles
Paved the way for rulers to exert sovereignty over specific areas, as opposed to the fuzzy boundaries found under feudalism
Pro-state nationalism can also be considered:
Pro-state nationalism can also be considered:
A founding objective of the United Nations is to (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
Promote economic development and human rights Maintain peace and security
What influenced the horizontal proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
Quest for security and prestige Superpower rivalry Regional competition (rivalry between neighbors)
Nation-states (one nation within one state): Are best exemplified by Canada, which is ethnically homogenous Rarely exist in the strictest sense of the term, if national identity is based on ethnicity Are exactly the same as countries, with all countries considered nation-states when national identity is based on ethnicity Have a clear example in the Kurds spread across Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq
Rarely exist in the strictest sense of the term, if national identity is based on ethnicity
At the height of the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union had nuclear weapon stockpiles:
Reaching close to 30,000 bombs and warheads each
Who were the leaders of the Soviet Union and the United States that ushered in the eventual end of the Cold War?
Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev
Who is the biggest customer of U.S. weapons?
Saudi Arabia
Samuel Huntington's (1998) "Clash of Civilizations":
Sees globalization as leading to "clashes" between the many different world "civilizations", including Islam and the West
Which event is described by the authors as the catalyst for a return to a more traditional focus on military security?
September 11th terrorist attacks, 2001
Individuals serving as actors on the world stage include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs), such as the Care and Doctors Without Borders States, such as Germany and China Social activists such as Leymah Gbowee and Malala Yousafzai Celebrities such as George Clooney and Beyoncé
Social activists such as Leymah Gbowee and Malala Yousafzai Celebrities such as George Clooney and Beyoncé
Nye points to the 2003 invasion of Iraq as possibly undermining the United States':
Soft Power
Using the attractiveness of a state's standing as an inducement to gain international cooperation is an example of:
Soft power
Which of the following are examples of how vertical proliferation can challenge security (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
Spending money on stockpiling weapons diverts funds from social programs Arms buildups provide more weapons for governments and groups to engage in conflicts
Who were the two main adversaries in the Cold War?
The United States and the Soviet Union
Which of the following were consequences of proliferation concerns (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
Successful UN Security Council negotiations with Iran (2015) The Iraq war (2003) Confrontation with North Korea
What did the events in Greece and Turkey mean to the US' understanding of its post-WWII role in the world (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
That a crisis in two faraway countries threatened the security of the US That if the two countries were not helped, the Soviet Union would threaten the rest of Europe That the US as the only capable world power needed to resist the inevitable expansion of the Soviet Union and communism
What is the key UN document that formulated the idea of human security?
The 1994 Human Development Report
State sovereignty started to become a cornerstone of international affairs after the signing of which treaty: The Treaty of Versailles The Napoleonic Treaty The Paris Protocol The Treaty of Westphalia
The Treaty of Westphalia
The benefits that all International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) offer their members include: The establishment of regulations which limit sovereignty The creation of habits of cooperation between states The elimination of all disagreements between member states Guidance of the United States and its democratic foundations
The creation of habits of cooperation between states
While all aspects of globalization are interconnected, examples of "economic globalization", as pointed out in the text, include (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): The weakened ability of states to control what happens inside their borders The exposure to other cultures in a "clash of civilizations" The creation of jobs by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in poorer countries with cheaper labor The wide variety of choices consumers have when they go to the store
The creation of jobs by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in poorer countries with cheaper labor The wide variety of choices consumers have when they go to the store
Which of the following concepts were part of the post-WWI blueprint for international cooperation (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
The creation of the League of Nations Readjustment of territories and the creation of new states The principle of national self-determination
What event led to the end of the Cold War in 1991?
The demise of the Soviet Union
What is "Smart Power"?
The hard power of coercion and payment, combined with the soft power of persuasion and attraction
As noted in the course text, "globalization" can be defined as:
The intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations across borders
Vertical proliferation of conventional weapons is:
The oldest form of proliferation
State sovereignty is: Nullified by the Charter of the United Nations, which establishes world government A dynamic accelerated with the establishment of the European Union The right of states to self-government, with political leaders determining the rules, laws, and processes within their territories The legal ability of specific nations to use tribunals to determine the laws in the countries where they live
The right of states to self-government, with political leaders determining the rules, laws, and processes within their territories
Which of the following are examples of nationalism as a powerful force (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): The strong sense of superiority felt in Nazi Germany, leading to the death of millions The ongoing struggle of the Kurds for autonomy or even their own state The creation of the United Nations, in as much as it was meant to restrain the destructive tendencies of nationalism The anticolonial movements that led to the increase in the number of states from 57 in 1900 to almost 200 today
The strong sense of superiority felt in Nazi Germany, leading to the death of millions The ongoing struggle of the Kurds for autonomy or even their own state The creation of the United Nations, in as much as it was meant to restrain the destructive tendencies of nationalism The anticolonial movements that led to the increase in the number of states from 57 in 1900 to almost 200 today
Political globalization" is best defined as: The heightened ability of states, both authoritarian and democratic, to control information flowing into their societies The spread of democracy as the most advantageous form of government The strengthening of state sovereignty in an interconnected world The weakened ability of states to control both what crosses their borders and what happens inside them
The weakened ability of states to control both what crosses their borders and what happens inside them
Which of the following is incorrect about conventional weapons?
They have been used less often in conflict than weapons of mass destruction
Which of the following causes the highest number of deaths worldwide?
Tuberculosis
Which of the following is the leading arms selling state in the world?
U.S.
Which of the following countries possess nuclear weapons (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
U.S. China North Korea
efore it carried out the attacks against the US on September 11th, 2001, for which of the following attacks was al Qaeda also responsible?
US embassy bombings in Africa in August 1998
Which of the following countries voluntary gave up their nuclear weapons programs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?
Ukraine Brazil
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are:
United Kingdom, United States, China, Russia, France
The French Revolution (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Was a catalyst for the spread of nationalism throughout Europe and, gradually, the rest of the world Undermined the notion of the divine right of kings Reinforced French citizens' identities more within religions, guilds, and villages, as opposed to a broader French identity Greatly strengthened the idea of popular sovereignty
Was a catalyst for the spread of nationalism throughout Europe and, gradually, the rest of the world Undermined the notion of the divine right of kings Greatly strengthened the idea of popular sovereignty
General Assembly Secretariat Security Council
Was set up after WWII to promote self-governance in coloniesHas suspended its operations Coordinates the FAO, WHO, UNDP and other specialized agenciesIs the central body for coordinating UN economic and social work Is the United Nation's main judicial organSettles legal disputes only between states
Trustee Council Economic and Social Council International Court of Justice
Was set up after WWII to promote self-governance in coloniesHas suspended its operations Coordinates the FAO, WHO, UNDP and other specialized agenciesIs the central body for coordinating UN economic and social work Is the United Nation's main judicial organSettles legal disputes only between states
vidence of globalization can be found (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):
When Atlanta Braves caps are found outside the United States On U.S. grocery store shelves, stocked with items from all over the world
Which of the following is an example of vertical weapons proliferation?
When China increases the number of nuclear bombs and missiles in its stockpiles.
Which of the following is an example of horizontal weapons proliferation?
When Israel sells American anti-tank missiles to Iran.