glomerular filtration

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what does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increase in the luminal membrane?

aquaporins (release of h2o)

what two pressures oppose filtration and what are their values?

colloid osmotic pressure; capsular space pressure

glomerular filtration is a process of ________ driven by the ______ of the blood

diffusion; pressure

what force drives filtration at the glomerulus

hydrostatic blood pressure

two mechanisms that provide autoregulatory control over renal processes include

myogenic mechanism and macula densa cells

aldosterone is stimulated by a decrease in

sodium

what does aldosterone increase in the basolateral membrane

sodium

transport of what ion could cause the diffusion of the lumen into the interstitial space

sodium (main one)

the ASCENDING limb of the loop of henle is permeable to ________ but impermeable to _________

sodium, potasium, chloride; water

what is the role of the vasa recta

to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla (counter current exchanger)

what are the two re-absorption pathways through the tubular cell barrier

trancellular (through cells); paracellular (between cells-tight junction)

high osmolarity in the ascending loop of henle will cause afferent arterioles to constrict by releasing

vasal constricting chemicals

in periods of extreme stress the sympathetic nervous system will override autoregulation. an increase in sympathetic flow to the kidney will result in what two important effects that will aid maintenance of blood pressure

vasoconstrictor and release of renin

the simple squamous cells of the thin descending loop are permeable to _____ but impermeable to _____

water; sodium, potassium, chlorine

how can we cause water to diffuse from the lumen into the interstitial space?

increase osmolarity of the space

aldosterone is stimulated by an increase in

potassium

what is the role of the loop of henle?

reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride (countercurrent mechanism)

what percent of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

65%


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