Glycolysis

Allosteric inhibitors/activators of pyruvate kinase?

Activation: F-1,6 BP Inhibition: ATP, alanine

Activators and inhibitors of phosphofructokinase-1?

Activators: F-2,6-BP, AMP Inhibitors: ATP, citrate

Glucose transporters: where can you find GLUT 1, 2, 3 and 4?

GLUT 1: erythrocytes, blood-brain barrier GLUT 2: liver, kidneys, B-cells of the pancreas GLUT 3: neurons GLUT 4: muscle, adipose tissue MNEMONIC: 1) BBB - blood (erythrocytes), baby (fetus), blood-brain barrier 2) Kids LiPs - Kidneys, liver, pancreas (b-cells) are 3) PiNK - placenta, neurons, kidney 4 )Mother Father - muscle, adipose tissue

Glycolysis net reaction:

Glucose + 2NAD+ + 2Pi + 2ADP --> 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + 2H20

What is the cause of hemolytic anemia? describe

Pyruvate kinase deficiency: - accumulation of glycolysis intermediates and depletion of lactate and pyruvate - 2,3-BPG concentration elevation - deficiency of ATP leading to swell and lysis

Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of pyruvate kinase?

activation: insulin inhibition: glucagon, adrenaline

PKM1 inhibition?

allosteric: ATP, phenylalanine/alanine Inhibition: acetylation

Which enzyme of glycolysis is inhibited by fluoride?

enolase (2-phosphoglycerate --> phosphoenolpyruvate)

Which step in the glycolysis is inhibited by iodoacetate and arsenate?

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase)

transcription of pyruvate kinase?

induction: insulin repression: glucagon

Which steps in the glycolysis are irreversible?

step 1: glucose -> glucose 6-P step 3: fructose 6-P -> fructose 1,6-bis P. step 10: phosphoenolpyruvate -> pyruvate