gov civil liberties

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as an establishment clause case?

A courthouse prominently displays the Ten Commandments

Which of the following scenarios is an example of how a state can reasonably restrict speech protected under the First Amendment?

A group of protesters is arrested after staging a sit-in on the governor's front lawn to protest a Voter ID law

Engel v. Vitale

Engel v. Vitale was a 1962 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that requiring public school children to recite a prayer violated the establishment clause of the First Amendment.

The exclusionary rule

Evidence obtained without a search warrant is subject to being excluded from use at a trial to convict someone

Prior restraint is best defined as which of the following?

Government censorship that blocks free speech or publication

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the Court ruled that an individual's right to own a gun is extended to state and local governments.

Which of the following statements best explains how the ruling in Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) changed the balance of power between governments and protection for individual liberties?

It limited the power of state governments by declaring a state law requiring Amish children to attend school until they were 16 as a violation of the First Amendment

Which of the following statements best explains how the Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) changed the balance of power between law and order and the protection of individual liberties?

It restricted the power of the federal government to prevent the press from releasing classified information

Which statement accurately summarizes the impact of the Engel v. Vitale (1962) decision?

It upheld the separation of church and state and clarified the limitations of state governments under the establishment clause

"The character of every act depends upon the circumstances in which it is done. The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic." Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Supporters of Justice Holmes's argument could point to which of the following cases?

Schenck v. United States (1919) In Schenck v. United States, Holmes argued that the First Amendment does not protect speech creating a "clear and present danger."

Political cartoon depicting Uncle Sam dragging figures identified as traitors and labor organizers away from the Capitol Building, which is flying a flag reading 'Sedition Law Passed.' W.A Rogers, "Now for a round-up," 1918. Cartoon depicting Uncle Sam rounding up men labeled "Spy" and "Traitor," while a flag reading "Sedition Law Passed" flies over the US Capitol. Source: Library of Congress Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the cartoon?

Schenck v. United States (1919) The flag reading "Sedition Law Passed" refers to a law that made it illegal for a person to speak about the war effort in a negative light. The Court decided in Schenck v. United States (1919) that speech that creates a "clear and present" danger is not protected under the First Amendment.

Wisconsin v. Yoder

The Court ruled in Wisconsin v. Yoder that Amish students did not have to attend public school past the eighth grade because it violated their rights to exercise their religious practices. This shows a limitation on state power to pass laws that infringe on a person's right to exercise their religion.

Ford v. Wainwright (1986)

The Eighth Amendment protects individuals from cruel and unusual punishment by the government. Marshall refers to the precedent of not executing the insane as an "ancient and humane limitation," implying that to go against that precedent would be inhumane, or cruel.

The Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from their homes, their persons, and their things being subject to unreasonable search and seizure.

free establishment clause

The free establishment clause states that "Congress shall pass no law respecting an establishment of religion. . . ." This means that the free establishment clause protects people from a state-sponsored religion.

The free exercise clause

The free exercise clause prohibits the government from interfering with someone's ability to practice their religion. In both Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) and the case described in the scenario, the Court ruled that states could not infringe on religious practices as those actions violated the free exercise clause.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

This case concerned students wearing black armbands, a form of symbolic speech, to protest the Vietnam War.

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

he Court ruled that state courts cannot use evidence obtained illegally to convict someone of a crime. Protection from unreasonable search and seizure falls under the Fourth Amendment. incorporation doctrin

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a symbolic speech case?

A man who was arrested for waving a Nazi flag at a rally Forms of nonverbal speech, like flag waving, are considered "symbolic speech."

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the Eighth Amendment?

A minor is sentenced to the death penalty

After the terrorist attack on September 11th, the United States issued the USA PATRIOT Act, giving federal agencies the power to conduct surveillance and perform searches. Which of the following best describes the message in the political cartoon?

The USA PATRIOT Act has given the government too much power to perform searches, which should be unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment

Selective incorporation is best defined as which of the following?

The constitutional doctrine that applies some, but not all, protections of the Bill of Rights to the states and to all levels of government

Based on previous rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the freedom of speech clause of the First Amendment? Choose 1 answer:

A public school district bans students from wearing t-shirts supporting presidential candidates before an election

Based on previous rulings, the Supreme Court is likely to view which of the following as a free exercise clause case?

A public school prevents Muslim students from wearing headscarves

free exercise clause

A public school prevents Muslim students from wearing headscarves

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Affirmed the 1st amendment guarantee of a free press and limited "prior restraint" of the press

In 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon stood trial in Florida, accused of robbing a pool hall. Gideon was poor and could not afford a lawyer. He requested that the court provide one for him, but Florida only provided lawyers for defendants accused of capital offenses. The Supreme Court decided to throw out the conviction because lawyers were necessary to ensure a fair trial. The Court ruled that states must provide counsel to defendants too poor to afford lawyers or they are violating the constitutional right to legal counsel. Which of the following constitutional provisions does the case described in the scenario have in common with McDonald v. Chicago (2010)? Choose 1 answer:

The due process clause