Gove 4

What was the purpose of the GI Bill?

. It allowed veterans returning from World War II to attend college. b. It established a series of land-grant colleges in each state. c. It funded science programs to help the United States catch up to the Soviet Union. d. It centralized federal control of higher education.

How do sanctions work in practice?

.They include trade embargoes on, and bans on investment in, the targeted country.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organization of American States, and Southeast Asia Treaty Organization are all examples of

.collective security arrangements..

The goal of Social Security is to

.ensure a basic income to all workers once they retire.

The idea that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to achieve their goals is called

.equality of opportunity

The federal government's spending on AFDC fell after the mid-1970s because

.unlike Social Security, the program was not indexed to inflation.

The term "feminization of poverty" refers to the fact that

.women are more likely to be poor than men.

When did the American welfare state begin?

1930s

Medicare was established in

1965

The final collapse of the Soviet Union occurred in

1991

The United Nations (UN) General Assembly

Allocates one vote to each member country, regardless of population size

Which of the following programs provides an in-kind benefit?

Medicaid

________ is the single-largest medical insurance program in the United States.

Medicaid

Which of the following is a contributory program?

Medicare

What did Prussian military strategist Carl von Clausewitz mean when he called war "politics by other means"?

Nations use force to achieve their foreign policy goals

Which of the following best summarizes Republican efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act (ACA) after the 2016 elections?

Despite having control of both Congress and the presidency, Republicans were unable to pass any repeal of the ACA.

The National Security Council includes all of the following actors EXCEPT the

Senate Foreign Relations Committee chair.

Which of the following social policies is currently the most costly to the government?

Social Security

_______ are programs where the government provides a tax deduction for spending on health insurance and other benefits by both employers and employees.

Tax expenditures

are programs where the government provides a tax deduction for spending on health insurance and other benefits by both employers and employees.

Tax expenditures

Which of the following statements about advanced industrialized nations and health care is most accurate?

The United States is the only advanced industrial nation without universal access to health care for its citizens.

Of the major global institutions, which is most concerned with trade?

The WTO

What was the primary way federal housing policy changed during the 1980s?

The federal government began providing low-income citizens with housing vouchers.

What makes something a tax expenditure?

a.It is something that Congress has approved an appropriation from the general revenue fund to pay for.b.It is when the government offers a tax break or tax credit for behavior it wants to encourage.c.It is a process by which companies can maximize their profit through shielding revenue from taxation.d.It is a loophole through which people can pay previous taxes without suffering any penalties.

The Kyoto Protocol was a(n)

agreement setting limits on emissions of greenhouse gases from industrial countries.

In 2014, Russia challenged the United States and its European allies by

amassing troops along several portions of the Ukrainian border.

If the United States and Canada refer a dispute to the World Trade Organization to settle for them, this is an example of

arbitration.

The contributions that a worker makes to Social Security through his or her taxes

are paid into the Social Security system and do not accumulate in a personal account.

Economic aid is an economic ________; sanctions are an economic ________.

carrot; stick

The two policies the United States ultimately adopted in the Cold War were

containment and deterrence.

The growing use of executive agreements by presidents over time has had the effect of

diminishing the importance of the Senate's constitutional treaty power.

The term "soft power" refers to

efforts to influence other nations by persuasion rather than coercion.

An agreement between the president and another country that has the force of a treaty but does not require the Senate's "advice and consent" is called a(n)

executive agreement.

Americans have historically asserted that our foreign policies should

focus on the interests of other nations at the expense of our own personal interests.

In 2007 and 2008, the government faced a housing crisis caused by

foreclosures.

Which of the following is the best example of the shadow welfare state?

tax breaks

The American welfare state is composed of contributory and noncontributory programs, along with

tax expenditures

Which historical event proved to Americans that the economic system is not perfectly self-regulating?

the Great Depression

The two sides in the Cold War were

the Soviet Union and the United States.

The power to raise or lower the tax rate is part of

the contracting power.

Which of the following groups receives the most benefit from government's social policies?

the middle class and the elderly

The "individual mandate" of the Affordable Care Act refers to

the requirement that Medicare covers all Americans.

Which of the following groups receives the least benefit from government's social policies?

the wealthy

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council have more influence over the Security Council's decisions than other countries because

they are each given 10 additional votes on every substantive proposal.b.they are each given a "veto" that is sufficient to reject any substantive proposal.

Social Security provides a vital role for younger people by providing

unemployment compensation for those who lose their jobs.

How did the deregulation of the mortgage industry in 1999 help produce the housing foreclosure crisis of 2007 and 2008?

It allowed many new mortgage companies to form, offering "predatory" loans that people could not afford to repay

What is the role of the State Department in American foreign policy?

It carries out routine diplomatic activities

What is the purpose of the World Trade Organization?

It promotes free trade among its member countries.

How did the Great Depression change American attitudes about welfare?

It revealed that poverty could be caused by a flawed economic system, not just by personal irresponsibility.

All important issues must receive________ in order to pass through the United Nations (UN) General Assembly.

a two-thirds-majority vote

The two policies the United States ultimately adopted in the Cold War were

a. appeasement and deterrence. b. containment and deterrence. c. containment and preventive war. d. appeasement and preventive war.

Which of the following groups of Americans tend to benefit the most from free trade?

a. labor unions b. consumers c. farmers d. factory workers

The nineteenth-century policy of ________ was based on the geographic distance of the United States from other countries.

a. sovereign dominance b. isolationism c. idealism d. internationalism

How does the balance of control over foreign policy between Congress and the president differ from the intentions of the framers of the Constitution?

a.Congress has far more authority and control now than what the framers intended.b.While things were out of balance for some time, today the balance of control between the two branches is in line with what the framers intended.c.The president has far more authority and control now than what the framers intended.d.The framers did not discuss foreign policy and were more concerned with who would control what part of the domestic policy process.

Dispute arbitration occurs when a(n)

international disagreement is referred to a neutral third party for resolution.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

is in charge of monitoring outbreaks of disease and implementing prevention measures

During the 1990s, the importance of the International Monetary Fund increased due to

its efforts to bring former communist countries into the global capitalist economy.

The dominant economic view in America prior to the onset of the Great Depression in 1929 was

laissez-faire capitalism

A(n) ________ benefit is one where potential recipients must document their genuine need.

means-tested

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act

offered federal funds for school districts with substantial numbers of children from unemployed or low-income families.

In foreign policy, the Bush Doctrine refers to

preemptive war against threats to national security

The Bush administration's "global war on terror" and the war in Iraq were expressions of

preventive war.

The policy of striking a nation that might be contemplating hostile actions is called

preventive war.

When new countries gain access to nuclear weapon capabilities, we refer to this as

proliferation.

The World Bank's chief mission is to

provide development aid to poor countries.

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 aimed to promote equality of opportunity with which two provisions?

provision that required schools to provide tutoring, longer school days, and additional summer school and a provision that allowed parents of children in failing schools to transfer their children to better schools

Charter schools are best described as

public schools that are free to design special curricula

The formula by which Social Security retirement benefits are calculated is designed to

redistribute income from well-off to less well-off workers.

Supply-side economics is the idea that

reducing the marginal rate of taxation will promote higher levels of work and investment

The Every Student Succeeds law enacted by Congress in 2015

returned control for school performance to state governments but maintained the federal requirement that schools disaggregate testing results by race and ethnicity.

A ________ state is one with unstable leadership, whose policies are driven by ideology rather than by economic or human costs and benefits.

rogue

In the sphere of foreign policy, which of the following is NOT a constitutional power possessed by Congress?

signing executive agreements

Which of the following groups is more than twice as likely as other Americans to be below the poverty line?

single mothers

American foreign aid

sometimes has a humanitarian purpose, but more often is used to promote security interest or economic concerns.

There are considerable disparities in benefits from state to state in noncontributory programs because

state governments are given grants-in-aid from the federal government to establish and operate their own programs rather than having one uniform national program

If government land is leased or sold for oil and coal exploration at lower-than-market rates, it is an example of a(n)

subsidy.

Since the welfare reforms of 1996, what is the primary reason for receiving federal cash assistance if one is nonworking and able-bodied?

The recipient has been considered deserving

As of 2020 the average Social Security payment is approximately ________ per month.

$1,500

Why is the Social Security tax (also known as the payroll tax) considered regressive?

Because it only taxes the first $137,700 of salary and people making less than that pay a higher percentage of their income

Which of the following is true about non-state actors?

They have become a much bigger threat since the 1990s than they were prior to then.

What is the trend in individual and corporate income tax rates in the past 40 years?

They have become more progressive over time.

When two sides of an international conflict possess such enormous arsenals of nuclear missiles that each has the ability to destroy the other in the event of war, it is called

"mutually assured destruction."

Which of the following nations does NOT have a permanent seat on the UN Security Council?

Germany

How did Franklin Roosevelt change America's approach to economic policy making?

He ushered in an era of a much more active federal government that followed Keynesian economic theory.

If the United States were to provide millions of dollars in grants to pay the medical and legal expenses incurred by individuals who have been the victims of political retaliation in their own countries, doing so would

Increase the United States' "soft power

Which of the following statements best summarizes the Democratic and Republican parties' views on the appropriate role of government in the economy?

Republicans tend to draw on the ideas of laissez-faire economics as they argue for significant reductions in nonmilitary spending; Democrats stress the importance of government regulation in promoting a strong economy.

The housing bubble prior to 2007 was driven primarily by

The increased demand for housing that resulted from a dramatic loosening of lending standards

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

The poverty rate among African Americans and Hispanics is more than double the rate for non-Latino Whites.

What evidence demonstrates that the Social Security and Medicare programs have been effective in meeting their goals?

The poverty rate among the elderly has declined substantially since these programs were introduced.

What is the relationship between the budget deficit and the national debt?

Years of budget deficits have led to a higher national debt

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was

a free-trade agreement between the United States and 11 Pacific Rim nations.

Which of the following is the strongest factor in predicting which groups in society receive the most benefits from government's social policies?

groups that are the most politically powerful

Which of the following goals has traditionally been of lowest priority in U.S. foreign policy?

human rights

The periodic adjustment of benefits or wages that takes into account the increased cost of living is called

indexing

The fact that a bottle of Coca Cola cost $0.05 in 1959 and $1.50 today is an example of

inflation