Government ACC

Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally

increased national power.

When citizens circulate petitions to gather a certain minimum number of signatures to put a policy question on the ballot, it is called a(n)

initiative.

When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly

interdependent

Any organization of individuals formed on the basis of common interest to influence public policy is called a(n)

interest group.

The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.

intergovernmental system

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the power to tax...

involves the power to destroy."

One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that

it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy.

The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was

judicial review.

Studies on decision making concerning public policy issues suggest that much of the elite's power comes from the ability of elites to

keep issues off the political agenda.

Government can promote social equality through policies other than income redistribution. According to the text, in 2015, the Supreme Court promoted equality when it held that _____ was/were unconstitutional.

laws banning same-sex marriages

As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds that government should

leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits.

One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans

left unspecified how many people might comprise the executive.

The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is

legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior.

How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?

less likely

An American, who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office and wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a

liberal

A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice

libertarian

According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is

libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to

maintain order

A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?

majoritarian model

Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the

majoritarian model of democracy.

Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?

marble cake

Established procedures and organizations that translate public opinion into government policy, like elections, are known as institutional

mechanisms.

In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are

mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.

Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government

might infringe on personal liberty.

The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by

not mentioning it directly

A form of government that puts power in the hands of an elite is a(n)

oligarchy.

An autocracy is a political system ruled by

one individual

Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?

one person, one vote

In general, libertarianism is characterized by

opposing all government action except that which protects life and property.

According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is

plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.

A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ Amendment to the Constitution

Tenth

Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?

The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.

While government at all levels and private sector businesses all share responsibilities over managing the nations' ports, each port has a ______________ assigned to be the captain of the port.

U.S. Coast Guard officer

The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was

a call for a larger meeting of the states, with a broader mission.

A confederation can best be described as

a loose association of independent states.

National sovereignty is defined as

a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.

Some have argued that the use of the drug Midazolam in executing inmates is ____________; in the 2015 case Glossip v. Gross, the Court _________ with this assertion.

a violation of the Eighth Amendment; disagreed

Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as

aliens.

According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it

allowed inequality and supported racism.

Competitive grants are awarded based on

an application submitted by prospective recipients.

REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of

an unfunded mandate.

When compared with the U.S. Constitution, most American state constitutions

are longer and more detailed.

Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant. The states may then designate the specific educational programs (elementary, secondary or vocational) to receive the funds. This is an example of a _________ grant.

block

Government actions that are commonly engaged in by the U.S. government include

building interstate roads.

In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.

coercive

. Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had

collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans.

The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.

commerce clause

Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with

dual federalism; cooperative federalism.

Article I, Section 8 of the constitution articulates the principle of _________, granting Congress limited powers

enumerated powers

States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its activities to

enumerated powers.

The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of

equality of opportunity

When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called

equality of opportunity

Communitarians are willing to use government to promote both order and

equality.

A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to

establish a national bank

Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?

All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation and social services, are now elected

Social order is usually defined as

established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior.

The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by

state legislatures.

When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of

the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution.

An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is

the U.S Supreme Court holding that state laws banning same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.

The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was

the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.

Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for

the collective right of revolution and self-government.

The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to

the federal government; the states

The government's role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since

the great depression

Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from __________ to _________.

the mass electorate; organized groups

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong.

. The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was

the omission of a bill of rights.

Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on

the philosophy of Karl Marx

Which model of government does the Constitution best fit

the pluralist model

Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing

the supremacy clause and the no religious test clause

Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by

the supreme court.

An underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because

these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously.

Anarchism is the political opposite of

totalitarianism.

The basic premise of federalism is that

two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.

To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by

two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.

Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats

tyranny of the majority.

To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)

unanimous vote of the Confederation Congress.

Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that

"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."

The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making is

universal participation

The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as

universal participation

According to procedural theory, the government should do

whatever the majority wants.

The complexity of the American federal system encourages

pluralism.

A country abiding by the principle "one person, one vote" is practicing

political equality

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a(n)

political ideology.

Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?

power to declare war

theory implies that a group should determine what the majority of its participants want to do.

procedural

. Democratization is the

process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one.

In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to

prohibit slavery.

The last seventeen amendments to the Constitution fall into three main categories: they make public policy, they correct deficiencies in the government's structure or they

promote equality.

The chief goal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to

protect states' rights.

Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through

regulating private businesses.

The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.

regulatory

Most democracies give power to

representatives

A republic is a government

resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.

A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.

restraint

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

separation of powers

The fifty-five signatories of the Declaration of Independence were courageous in their actions because

signing the Declaration was treason and punishable by hanging and drawing and quartering.

After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of

social equality.

Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that

socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.

National _____ means that each national government is given the right to govern its own people as it wishes and no other nation can interfere with that.

sovereignty

A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)

special district.

. Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.

90,000

In a globalized world we are sometimes closely tied through trade to former enemies. In 2014-2015, which country supplied nearly one-third of foreign students in American educational institutions?

China

addresses the questions "Who should participate in decision making? and How many votes are needed to reach a decision?"

Procedural democratic theory

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

In 2012, the Supreme Court cited ____________ in upholding the "individual mandate" provision of the Affordable Care Act

the national government's taxing power

The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on

the number of citizens involved in governing.

Home rule is

the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.

Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.

categorical

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances.

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.

cooperative

The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote

cooperative federalism.

The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states

create a postal system

The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward

dual federalism; cooperative federalism

The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."

elastic

Suppose that top government jobs for both political parties are filled only from an inner circle of top corporate leaders. This would be evidence for

elite theory.

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life.

A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a

governor.

Medicaid is an example of a(n)

grant-in-aid.

Numerous recent preemptions have focused on

homeland security.

The procedural view of democracy is most concerned with

how government decisions are made.

A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.

implied

The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.

implied

The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?

implied

What Madison called factions, are today called

interest groups.

Under the U.S. Constitution, the national government

lacks a general police power.

Article I of the Constitution refers to the

legislative branch

A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)

mandate.

Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a

national convention.

When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of

national government.

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.

necessary and proper

While majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, _________ is defined as decision making by most participants.

plurality rule

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?

There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.

The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to

restore peaceful relations between the colonies and Great Britain.

The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from

social contract theory.

According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from

state capitals to Washington D.C..

Preclearance is the process of

submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.

Freedom of religion or freedom of speech are _________ principles.

substantive

The anti-gay marriage laws and amendments passed in many states in recent years were overturned in by the Supreme Court in 2015. In other words,

substantive democratic theory outweighed procedural democratic theory.

The Bill of Rights is at the core of our

substantive theories of democracy.

A major event that led to greater British taxation of American colonies was

the Seven Years' War.

Which amendments were the only ones to limit the activities of individuals?

the Thirteenth and Eighteenth Amendments

The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored by large states was

the Virginia Plan.

The national government can act on individuals if

the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.

One result of the Second Continental Congress was

the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is

the authoritative allocation of values for a society.

The Constitution explicitly recognizes

the national government and state governments.

The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is

their insight into the defense of the Constitution.

Supporters of the Constitution named themselves

Federalists.

Since the overthrow of its military strongman Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has experienced

Lawlessness

In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?

Legal Arizona Workers Act

_____are more likely to favor generous government support for education and housing.

Liberals

The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in

Marbury v. Madison

What rules govern the use of referenda at the federal level?

No provisions exist for the use of referenda at the federal level.

In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage

be raised to 10.10

Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?

layer cake

Participatory democracy today is

rare in the United States and in other democracies.

The three-fifths compromise resolved the issue of

representation of slaves.

A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a(n)

socialist.

The _________ was a governing document that failed because it did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money, it did not include an independent leader to direct the government, and it did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.

Articles of Confederation

Since the 1990s the Court has typically favored states, however, the best example of a decision in which the court did NOT defend state prerogatives is

Bush v. Gore.

Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?

Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency.

allows a person to acquire information and documents online and also provides a medium to register opinions and complaints to government officials.

E-government

The online communication channels that allow citizens to register opinions and complaints to government officials is called

E-government.

The concept of democracy was initially defined centuries ago in ancient

Greece

In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?

John Locke

Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?

The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined

Which political philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short?"

Thomas Hobbes

According to the theory of dual federalism, __________________ the nation and the states.

a rigid wall separates

Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was

a single ruler with unquestioned authority.

The Great Compromise provided for

a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.

The power of the president to veto laws is an example of

checks and balances.

The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee

civil rights and liberties.

A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)

demagogue

According to the text, politicians openly call for more order

during times of social strife.

Capitalism is best described as a(n)

economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference.

The constitutional amendment process requires

extraordinary majorities.

Shays's Rebellion consisted of

farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for high taxes levied to finance the state's wartime debt

Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently

favored states' rights.

The principle of responsiveness requires that legislators

follow the general contours of public opinion

. During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between

freedom of equality

The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as

preemption.

Services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as

public goofs

The process of preclearance is used when states are

redistricting.

The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as

redistricting.

An election on a public policy issue is called a(n)

referenda.

A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would

take a hands-off attitude toward the economy.

From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court

tended to support expansion of national authority.

In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using

the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.

The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that

there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause