Government ACC
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the early Supreme Court generally
increased national power.
When citizens circulate petitions to gather a certain minimum number of signatures to put a policy question on the ballot, it is called a(n)
initiative.
When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly
interdependent
Any organization of individuals formed on the basis of common interest to influence public policy is called a(n)
interest group.
The ___________ is the term researchers use to characterize the overall collection of national, state and local governments in the United States.
intergovernmental system
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court argued that "the power to tax...
involves the power to destroy."
One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that
it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy.
The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was
judicial review.
Studies on decision making concerning public policy issues suggest that much of the elite's power comes from the ability of elites to
keep issues off the political agenda.
Government can promote social equality through policies other than income redistribution. According to the text, in 2015, the Supreme Court promoted equality when it held that _____ was/were unconstitutional.
laws banning same-sex marriages
As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds that government should
leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits.
One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans
left unspecified how many people might comprise the executive.
The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is
legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior.
How likely are voters to participate in state and local elections compared with national elections?
less likely
An American, who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office and wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a
liberal
A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice
libertarian
According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is
libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.
According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to
maintain order
A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?
majoritarian model
Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the
majoritarian model of democracy.
Which metaphor best describes cooperative federalism?
marble cake
Established procedures and organizations that translate public opinion into government policy, like elections, are known as institutional
mechanisms.
In recent years, the Supreme Court has denied states the power to execute individuals who are
mentally disabled and/or seventeen years old.
Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government
might infringe on personal liberty.
The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by
not mentioning it directly
A form of government that puts power in the hands of an elite is a(n)
oligarchy.
An autocracy is a political system ruled by
one individual
Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?
one person, one vote
In general, libertarianism is characterized by
opposing all government action except that which protects life and property.
According to John Marshall's decision in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the elastic clause might be interpreted to mean that Congress can take a particular action not specified in the Constitution if that action is
plainly adapted to achieving a legitimate constitutional end.
A proponent of states' rights and enumerated powers would be more likely to quote the _________ Amendment to the Constitution
Tenth
Which of the following is NOT an essential premise of dual federalism?
The relationship between nation and state is best characterized by cooperation.
While government at all levels and private sector businesses all share responsibilities over managing the nations' ports, each port has a ______________ assigned to be the captain of the port.
U.S. Coast Guard officer
The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was
a call for a larger meeting of the states, with a broader mission.
A confederation can best be described as
a loose association of independent states.
National sovereignty is defined as
a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.
Some have argued that the use of the drug Midazolam in executing inmates is ____________; in the 2015 case Glossip v. Gross, the Court _________ with this assertion.
a violation of the Eighth Amendment; disagreed
Foreigners who live in the United States but are not citizens of the United States are known as
aliens.
According to the text, political liberals feared stronger states' rights because it
allowed inequality and supported racism.
Competitive grants are awarded based on
an application submitted by prospective recipients.
REAL ID, a federal mandate that imposes security standards for state driver's licenses, is an example of
an unfunded mandate.
When compared with the U.S. Constitution, most American state constitutions
are longer and more detailed.
Suppose Congress funds elementary education by giving states a grant. The states may then designate the specific educational programs (elementary, secondary or vocational) to receive the funds. This is an example of a _________ grant.
block
Government actions that are commonly engaged in by the U.S. government include
building interstate roads.
In response to the use of national mandates and restraints that have become so dominant, theorists have developed a new theory known as _____ federalism.
coercive
. Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had
collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans.
The ___________ gives Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states.
commerce clause
Conservatives are often associated with ___________, while liberals are often associated with
dual federalism; cooperative federalism.
Article I, Section 8 of the constitution articulates the principle of _________, granting Congress limited powers
enumerated powers
States' rights supporters believe that Congress should restrict its activities to
enumerated powers.
The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of
equality of opportunity
When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called
equality of opportunity
Communitarians are willing to use government to promote both order and
equality.
A central question in the McCulloch case was whether or not Congress had the power to
establish a national bank
Which of the following is not a reason that states have improved their ability to govern capably over the last few decades?
All previously unelected officials, such as those in programs that deal with transportation and social services, are now elected
Social order is usually defined as
established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior.
The lines that define congressional districts are usually drawn by
state legislatures.
When responding to the economic downturn that afflicted the nation at the beginning of his first term, President Obama drew on the logic of
the New Deal and the preamble to the U.S. Constitution.
An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is
the U.S Supreme Court holding that state laws banning same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.
The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was
the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.
Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for
the collective right of revolution and self-government.
The power to coin money belongs to __________ and the power to grant divorces belongs to
the federal government; the states
The government's role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since
the great depression
Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from __________ to _________.
the mass electorate; organized groups
Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that
the national government it created was too strong.
. The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was
the omission of a bill of rights.
Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on
the philosophy of Karl Marx
Which model of government does the Constitution best fit
the pluralist model
Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing
the supremacy clause and the no religious test clause
Conflicts related to power-sharing between states and the national government are settled by
the supreme court.
An underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because
these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously.
Anarchism is the political opposite of
totalitarianism.
The basic premise of federalism is that
two or more governments share power and authority over the same land and people.
To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by
two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.
Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats
tyranny of the majority.
To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)
unanimous vote of the Confederation Congress.
Problems with establishing democracy in Iraq are, according to the text, chiefly a function of the fact that
"There is no meaningful Iraqi identity."
The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making is
universal participation
The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as
universal participation
According to procedural theory, the government should do
whatever the majority wants.
The complexity of the American federal system encourages
pluralism.
A country abiding by the principle "one person, one vote" is practicing
political equality
A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a(n)
political ideology.
Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?
power to declare war
theory implies that a group should determine what the majority of its participants want to do.
procedural
. Democratization is the
process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one.
In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that Congress had no power to
prohibit slavery.
The last seventeen amendments to the Constitution fall into three main categories: they make public policy, they correct deficiencies in the government's structure or they
promote equality.
The chief goal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to
protect states' rights.
Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through
regulating private businesses.
The national government has come to rely increasingly on its _______ power to shape state policies.
regulatory
Most democracies give power to
representatives
A republic is a government
resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.
A(n) _____ forbids state governments from exercising certain powers.
restraint
Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to
revise the Articles of Confederation.
The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as
separation of powers
The fifty-five signatories of the Declaration of Independence were courageous in their actions because
signing the Declaration was treason and punishable by hanging and drawing and quartering.
After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of
social equality.
Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that
socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.
National _____ means that each national government is given the right to govern its own people as it wishes and no other nation can interfere with that.
sovereignty
A government unit created to perform particular functions, such as fire protection and water purification and distribution is known as a(n)
special district.
. Based on 2012 data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the United States is home to as many as __________ local governments of different sorts.
90,000
In a globalized world we are sometimes closely tied through trade to former enemies. In 2014-2015, which country supplied nearly one-third of foreign students in American educational institutions?
China
addresses the questions "Who should participate in decision making? and How many votes are needed to reach a decision?"
Procedural democratic theory
Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?
The Articles of Confederation
In 2012, the Supreme Court cited ____________ in upholding the "individual mandate" provision of the Affordable Care Act
the national government's taxing power
The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on
the number of citizens involved in governing.
Home rule is
the right of municipal governments to enact their own legislation in certain administrative areas.
Formula grants and project grants are both types of _________ grants.
categorical
Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of
checks and balances.
The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is an example of _________ federalism.
cooperative
The use of highway construction funds has been an effective means to promote
cooperative federalism.
The constitution expressly gives the federal government the power to _____________ within the states
create a postal system
The Great Depression represented a shift away from __________ and toward
dual federalism; cooperative federalism
The "necessary and proper" clause of Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution is an example of a(n) "__________ clause."
elastic
Suppose that top government jobs for both political parties are filled only from an inner circle of top corporate leaders. This would be evidence for
elite theory.
Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve
for life.
A notable trend in the backgrounds of recent presidents is experience as a
governor.
Medicaid is an example of a(n)
grant-in-aid.
Numerous recent preemptions have focused on
homeland security.
The procedural view of democracy is most concerned with
how government decisions are made.
A power NOT specifically mentioned in the Constitution but necessary if another specific grant of power is to be carried out is called a(n) _________ power.
implied
The Constitution did not give Congress the authority to establish the Internal Revenue Service. Congress did so, however, to implement its power to "lay and collect taxes." This is an example of the use of a(n) _________ power.
implied
The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?
implied
What Madison called factions, are today called
interest groups.
Under the U.S. Constitution, the national government
lacks a general police power.
Article I of the Constitution refers to the
legislative branch
A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service that maintains a minimum national standard is called a(n)
mandate.
Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a
national convention.
When Roger B. Taney became chief justice in 1836, the Court imposed firm limits on the powers of
national government.
A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.
necessary and proper
While majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, _________ is defined as decision making by most participants.
plurality rule
Each citizen having one vote demonstrates
political equality
According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?
There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.
The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to
restore peaceful relations between the colonies and Great Britain.
The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from
social contract theory.
According to the text, one could see the rise of coercive federalism as simply shifting the pluralist struggle from
state capitals to Washington D.C..
Preclearance is the process of
submitting redistricting plans to the Justice Department for approval.
Freedom of religion or freedom of speech are _________ principles.
substantive
The anti-gay marriage laws and amendments passed in many states in recent years were overturned in by the Supreme Court in 2015. In other words,
substantive democratic theory outweighed procedural democratic theory.
The Bill of Rights is at the core of our
substantive theories of democracy.
A major event that led to greater British taxation of American colonies was
the Seven Years' War.
Which amendments were the only ones to limit the activities of individuals?
the Thirteenth and Eighteenth Amendments
The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored by large states was
the Virginia Plan.
The national government can act on individuals if
the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.
One result of the Second Continental Congress was
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is
the authoritative allocation of values for a society.
The Constitution explicitly recognizes
the national government and state governments.
The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is
their insight into the defense of the Constitution.
Supporters of the Constitution named themselves
Federalists.
Since the overthrow of its military strongman Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has experienced
Lawlessness
In the 2011 Chamber of Commerce of the United States v. Whiting decision, the Roberts Court upheld which state law?
Legal Arizona Workers Act
_____are more likely to favor generous government support for education and housing.
Liberals
The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in
Marbury v. Madison
What rules govern the use of referenda at the federal level?
No provisions exist for the use of referenda at the federal level.
In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage
be raised to 10.10
Which metaphor best describes dual federalism?
layer cake
Participatory democracy today is
rare in the United States and in other democracies.
The three-fifths compromise resolved the issue of
representation of slaves.
A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a(n)
socialist.
The _________ was a governing document that failed because it did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money, it did not include an independent leader to direct the government, and it did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.
Articles of Confederation
Since the 1990s the Court has typically favored states, however, the best example of a decision in which the court did NOT defend state prerogatives is
Bush v. Gore.
Which of the following statements regarding the New Deal era is incorrect?
Congress temporarily claimed extra constitutional powers to meet the national emergency.
allows a person to acquire information and documents online and also provides a medium to register opinions and complaints to government officials.
E-government
The online communication channels that allow citizens to register opinions and complaints to government officials is called
E-government.
The concept of democracy was initially defined centuries ago in ancient
Greece
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?
John Locke
Which of the following is an incorrect description of the cooperative federalism model?
The functions and responsibilities of the national and state governments are clearly defined
Which political philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short?"
Thomas Hobbes
According to the theory of dual federalism, __________________ the nation and the states.
a rigid wall separates
Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was
a single ruler with unquestioned authority.
The Great Compromise provided for
a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.
The power of the president to veto laws is an example of
checks and balances.
The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee
civil rights and liberties.
A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)
demagogue
According to the text, politicians openly call for more order
during times of social strife.
Capitalism is best described as a(n)
economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference.
The constitutional amendment process requires
extraordinary majorities.
Shays's Rebellion consisted of
farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for high taxes levied to finance the state's wartime debt
Since 1995 the Supreme Court has frequently
favored states' rights.
The principle of responsiveness requires that legislators
follow the general contours of public opinion
. During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between
freedom of equality
The power of Congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes complete or partial responsibility for a state government function is known as
preemption.
Services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as
public goofs
The process of preclearance is used when states are
redistricting.
The process of redrawing boundaries for electoral jurisdictions is known as
redistricting.
An election on a public policy issue is called a(n)
referenda.
A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would
take a hands-off attitude toward the economy.
From the 1930s to the mid-1990s, the Supreme Court
tended to support expansion of national authority.
In the last 200 years, Congress has tremendously increased the scope of the national government by using
the elastic clause combined with its enumerated powers.
The general conclusion of the Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez was that
there are limits to the national government's ability to regulate behavior based on the commerce clause