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In determining that it was unconstitutional to reserve 10 percent of federally funded construction projects for minority-owned firms (Adarand v. Peña), the Supreme Court used what part of the test it applies to affirmative action cases?

"narrowly tailored"

Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to.....?

-Be college educated -Have a high median income

Which of the following tactics were used by Martin Luther King Jr. in his leadership of the civil rights movement?

-Boycotts -Marches in nonviolent protest

What was the first of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting.....?

-Certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job.

Which practices were banned as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1968?

-Discriminatory practices in housing. -Discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods. -Discriminatory practices in mortgage lending.

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

-Equal access to public facilities -The right of every person to equal protection under the law

Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farm workers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?

Cesar Chavez

Native Americans were not considered to be _____?_____ until 1924.

Citizens

In order for an affirmative action program to be upheld as constitutional, the Supreme Court requires that government prove what kind of interest?

Compelling

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

De jure discrimination

Serving the United States in the fight against Nazism in World War II led African American soldiers to ......?

Demand their civil rights.

What is "America's curse," according to the author of AN AMERICAN DILEMMA?

Discrimination

What took the heaviest toll on the Native American population after white settlers arrived in what is now the U.S.?

Disease

Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970's but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?

Equal Rights Amendment

Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?

Geraldine Ferraro

What sociologist authorized the book, AN AMERICAN DILEMMA?

Gunnar Myrdal

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise meaning.

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

In PLESSY V. FERGUSON, the Supreme Court declared that "_______?_____"but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

Separate

Which of the following is an ongoing struggle between state government and Native American tribal governments?

States want to control casino gambling on Native American reservations.

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ___?___ test.

Strict-scrutiny

T/F: Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments still refused to serve black customers.

TRUE

What are comparable worth policies?

Those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education.

In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ___?___ that journeyed from California to Washington, D.C, to protest federal policy.

Trail of Broken Treaties

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in.......?

Winning elective office

What Sioux village has been the site of both a u.s. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

Wounded Knee

The landmark case of LAU v. NICHOLS (1974) resulted in many states offering ____?____ education in their public schools.

bilingual

According to the Supreme Court, laws discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of....?

suspect classifications

Which of the following are among redlining's legacies?

-Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites). -Segregated neighborhoods still exist.

What is an accurate representation of the Hispanic population in the United States?

-Their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years. -The majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands.

Which of the following accurately describes women and poverty?

-Many poor working women find that their wages cannot cover child-care expenses. -Single-parent women who work in nonprofessional fields are particularly vulnerable to poverty. -Most single-parent families are headed by women and one-third of those live below the poverty line.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?

-Minorities -Women

Which of the following Native American tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

-Pueblo -Navajo

Which of the following Hispanic politicians were top contenders for the Republican presidential nomination?

-Ted Cruz -Marco Rubio

Concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on...?

-The nature of the job -The performance of a particular employee

Which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the U.S.?

-The right to have the same benefits as traditional couples -The right to openly enlist in the military

How many Asian Americans currently serve in Congress?

12

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

-Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections -A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people.

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?

-it requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities -it grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities

According to United States government statistics, roughly ____?____ percent of black children live in poverty, compared to ____?_____ percent of white children.

40;10

Of the 500 largest U.S. corporations, about ______?______ percent are headed by women.

7

What action did President Eisenhower take during the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School?

He federalized the Arkansas National Guard.

What portion of congressional seats are held by women?

Less than a quarter

Which of the following minority groups make up the largest Hispanic population in the United States?

Mexicans

How many Hispanics currently serve in the U.S. House of Representatives?

More than 30

Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?

More than half grow up in a single-parent family.

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?

People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race,color,and religion.

In what area of Civil Rights were Asian Americans particularly active in the 1960's?

voting rights

What demographic group is most likely to support same sex marriage?

younger adults