GOVT Ch 10 & 11 Review

4. The members of the Federal Communications Commission A. are chosen by Congress. B. are appointed by the president. C. serve life terms. D. must all be of the political party that does not hold the presidency.

B. are appointed by the president.

52. The press has a much greater impact on certain topics, for example, A. domestic politics. B. events in foreign countries. C. elections and campaigns. D. crime issues.

B. events in foreign countries.

58. The most controversial regulation promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission was the __________ that was in effect from 1949 to 1985. A. equal time rule B. fairness doctrine C. right of rebuttal rule D. limited access doctrine

B. fairness doctrine

31. The Nation is considered a __________ magazine. A. non partisan B. liberal C. libertarian D. conservative

B. liberal

2. Who was the first president to appear on television? A. Dwight Eisenhower B. Franklin Roosevelt C. Warren G. Harding D. Calvin Coolidge

B. Franklin Roosevelt

40. The media often cover congressional investigations, among the most notorious of these was/were the A. Teapot Dome scandal. B. McCarthy hearings. C. Chappaquidick scandal. D. all of the above.

B. McCarthy hearings.

28. Local television stations that carry the programming of a national network are called A. associates. B. affiliates. C. partners. D. wire services.

B. affiliates.

37. The president receives the lion's share of press coverage, and A. all of it is unfavorable. B. much of it is unfavorable. C. much of it is favorable. D. all of it is favorable.

B. much of it is unfavorable.

55. When a source for a news story is referred to as a senior administration official or similarly vague reference, these sources have offered information A. on deep background. B. on background. C. off-the-record. D. through a leak.

B. on background.

48. In New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that A. defaming a person falsely constitutes libel and is not speech protected by the First Amendment. B. public figures need to prove "actual malice" to win libel suits. C. "reckless disregard for the truth" constitutes libel. D. according to the First Amendment, libel is protected speech.

B. public figures need to prove "actual malice" to win libel suits.

6. The FCC regulation that requires stations to make their facilities available to all responsible elements in the community for the expression of conflicting views is known as the A. fairness doctrine. B. reasonable access rule. C. equal opportunities rule. D. duopoly rule.

B. reasonable access rule.

46. Recent press attention to the private activities and personalities of candidates is called A. investigative journalism. B. the character issue. C. yellow journalism. D. tabloid journalism.

B. the character issue.

15. A form of journalism popular in the late nineteenth century that featured pictures, comics, color, and sensationalized, oversimplified news coverage was called A. muckraking. B. yellow journalism. C. penny journalism. D. all of the above.

B. yellow journalism.

19. Radio became widely available during the A. 1940s. B. 1930s. C. 1920s. D. 1910s.

C. 1920s.

38. The congressional press corps has approximately __________ members. A. 1,000 B. 2,000 C. 3,000 D. 5,000

C. 3,000

7. The FCC regulation that prohibits any company from owning more than one AM, one FM, or one television station in a single community is called the A. 12-12-12 rule. B. unopoly rule. C. 7-7-7 rule. D. duoply rule.

C. 7-7-7 rule.

41. Gavel-to-gavel coverage of House and Senate sessions is provided by A. Community Access Cable. B. CNBC. C. C-SPAN. D. PBS.

C. C-SPAN.

34. Formal presidential news conferences are often held in the A. Capital Building. B. Oval Office. C. East Room. D. Map Room.

C. East Room.

45. The media shifted from mere description towards prescription, due to A. Vietnam. B. Watergate. C. the civil rights movement. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

13. Which president is known for his radio "fireside chats" that informed citizens about important issues? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Harry Truman c. Dwight D. Eisenhower d. John F. Kennedy

a. Franklin D. Roosevelt

25. Local television news is watched by __________% of Americans. A. 78 B. 67 C. 54 D. 44

B. 67

14. The first radio broadcast of an election occurred in A. 1928. B. 1933. C. 1939. D. 1944.

A. 1928.

20. Television was introduced in the A. 1940s. B. 1930s. C. 1920s. D. 1910s.

A. 1940s.

22. Of the adult population, __________% read a daily newspaper. A. 50 B. 40 C. 30 D. 25

A. 50

36. The press secretary for Lyndon Baines Johnson was A. Bill Moyers. B. Jim Lehrer. C. Pierre Salinger. D. James Brady.

A. Bill Moyers.

9. Interstate and foreign broadcast communication is regulated by the A. Federal Communications Commission. B. Interstate Commerce Commission. C. National Broadcasting Company. D. Federal Trade Commission.

A. Federal Communications Commission.

47. A factor that permits the modern press to undertake character investigations is a ruling by the Supreme Court that public officials would have to prove "actual malice" to win a libel suit. This has made it very hard for public officials to sue for libel. The case was A. New York Times v. Sullivan. B. Burnett v. The National Enquirer. C. Anti-Defamation League v. New York. D. Curtis Publishing v. Butts.

A. New York Times v. Sullivan.

44. __________ had the most profound impact of any modern event on the manner and substance of the press's conduct. A. Watergate B. The Korean War C. The presidency of John F. Kennedy D. The Cuban Missile Crisis

A. Watergate

18. Among the publishers who promoted yellow journalism was A. William Randolph Hearst. B. James G. Blaine. C. Upton Sinclair. D. William Roper.

A. William Randolph Hearst.

54. Totally unsourced news is often referred to as A. deep background. B. on background. C. off-the-record. D. a leak.

A. deep background.

29. Web based newspapers and information A. do not cut into subscriptions or revenues for media outlets. B. are the primary way people become informed. C. are reducing the number of newspapers sold. D. are taking viewers away from TV.

A. do not cut into subscriptions or revenues for media outlets.

1. The FCC regulation requiring a broadcast station that gives or sells time to a candidate for public office to make available an equal amount of time under the same conditions to all candidates for that office is known as the A. equal opportunities rule. B. duopoly rule. C. fairness doctrine. D. reasonable access rule.

A. equal opportunities rule.

33. The modern president __________ news conferences. A. gives a limited number of B. needs to have regular C. has monthly D. never holds

A. gives a limited number of

42. The branch of government that is most difficult for the media to cover is the A. judiciary. B. legislature. C. executive. D. bureaucracy.

A. judiciary.

51. The media have a(n) __________ effect on the opinions of most readers and viewers. A. profound B. strong C. little effect D. no

A. profound

59. The Supreme Court ruled that the government could not prevent the publication of classified documents in the case A. Wright v. United States. B. Washington Post v. Mitchell. C. New York Times v. United States. D. United States v. Ellsburg.

C. New York Times v. United States.

43. A new era of court coverage was ushered in by the A. admission of cameras into the Supreme Court. B. Menendez brothers trial. C. O.J. Simpson trial. D. Clarence Thomas hearings.

C. O.J. Simpson trial.

3. Private ownership of the media in the United States makes the American news industry A. dependent on government subsidies. B. less free to cover stories that are of interest to the audience. C. dependent on advertising revenues. D. less concerned about the ratings game than the media in other countries.

C. dependent on advertising revenues.

16. A form of newspaper publishing during the early twentieth century concerned with reforming government and business conduct is called A. the penny press. B. yellow journalism. C. muckraking. D. partisan journalism.

C. muckraking.

23. Among people age eighteen to twenty-nine, __________ read a newspaper daily. A. two-thirds B. one-half C. one-third D. one-fourth

C. one-third

56. Television and radio are regulated by the federal government because A. there is an unlimited supply of broadcast stations. B. television and radio are public goods. C. the airwaves are public property. D. all of the above.

C. the airwaves are public property.

32. People who use media websites tend A. not to subscribe to newspapers. B. to detract from established media outlets. C. to be highly informed voters who use the Web to update their information. D. all of the above.

C. to be highly informed voters who use the Web to update their information.

57. The first governmental regulation of the electronic media came in A. 1955. B. 1948. C. 1939. D. 1927.

D. 1927.

24. Television network news is watched by __________% of Americans. A. 88 B. 65 C. 55 D. 49

D. 49

60. Currently, approximately __________ of U.S. households are wired for cable TV. A. 80% B. 75% C. 62% D. 50%

D. 50%

35. The first president to have a press secretary was A. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. B. Woodrow Wilson. C. John F. Kennedy. D. Herbert Hoover.

D. Herbert Hoover.

17. The first paper of the penny press was called the A. New York Post. B. Globe. C. National Gazette. D. New York Sun.

D. New York Sun.

53. The press have a strong effect in A. how they cover an event. B. a biased fashion. C. topics close to our personal experiences. D. agenda setting.

D. agenda setting.

21. The media consists of the A. print press. B. electronic media. C. Internet. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

26. The effects of the increase in media mergers in recent years, so that each national television network is now a piece of a massive corporation, include A. an increasing emphasis on profits. B. decisions by management to do sleazy, tabloid coverage of events to increase viewership. C. censorship of stories that reflect badly on products the mother corporation makes. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

27. The most influential national papers in this country are A. The New York Times. B. The Christian Science Monitor. C. The Los Angeles Times. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

39. Most media coverage of Congress centers on A. leadership in both houses. B. key committee chairs. C. local senators and representatives. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

49. Despite Sullivan, the threat of libel litigation does persist in its deterrent effect on the press because A. it is very expensive to defend oneself in a libel suit. B. politicians have a propensity to sue. C. monetary costs and the commitment of reporters' and editors' time and energy are very costly. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

50. The press have biases including A. a liberal bias. B. the non-ideological bias of treating elections like horse races. C. personal bias against those they don't like and in favor of those they do. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

5. The Federal Communications Commission is A. a government corporation. B. a cabinet department. C. a publicly owned television station. D. an independent regulatory agency.

D. an independent regulatory agency.

30. The National Review is considered a __________ magazine. A. non partisan B. liberal C. libertarian D. conservative

D. conservative

8. The main function of the mass media is A. setting the political agenda. B. entertainment. C. reporting news. D. socializing citizens about politics. E. to make money like any other business.

E. to make money like any other business.

61. The press were much more civilized during the early years of the American republic than they are today. True/False

False

63. Cable News Network (CNN) was founded in 1970. True/False

False

65. The branch of government that receives the most media attention is the Congress. True/False

False

66. Most newspapers and TV networks avoid websites because they tend to reduce subscriptions and viewership. True/False

False

67. The Web is currently the primary means by which Americans learn about politics. True/False

False

71. The judicial branch gets substantial media attention and coverage. True/False

False

73. The Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) has made it easier to prove libel and has had a chilling effect on what the media can publish or air. True/False

False

77. The Telecommunications Act passed by Congress in 1996 initiated a new series of limits and regulations on electronic media. True/False

False

78. The equal time rule was passed by Congress to ensure that minor party candidates have access to television and radio time. True/False

False

80. Most American households are wired for cable television. True/False

False

81. The advent of cable television has had little effect on candidates and campaigns. True/False

False

83. Cable television has increased the influence of the commercial networks. True/False

False

62. The Anti-Federalists, realizing the value of a free press in protecting liberty, demanded an amendment guaranteeing freedom of the press be included in the Constitution. True/False

True

64. Most cities today have only one daily newspaper and it is generally owned by a national chain. True/False

True

68. The modern president gives fewer news conferences these days and relies on advisors and press secretaries to brief the press. True/False

True

69. The president and the press are continuously negotiating newsworthiness. True/False

True

70. Congressional news coverage tends to be low except in the case of investigative committee hearings that can get substantial news coverage. True/False

True

72. Media attention to the private lives and character of politicians has been a clear consequence of the Watergate scandal True/False

True

74. The news media are definitely biased, however, they are biased in a number of ways not simply liberal or conservative. True/False

True

75. Media tend to have a larger effect on people who are uncommitted or who have very little information about issues, events, and candidates. True/False

True

76. Media tend to have few effects on the highly partisan and well informed citizen. True/False

True

79. The fairness doctrine required that broadcasters cover events fairly and present contrasting views on important public issues. This doctrine was in effect from 1949 to 1985. True/False

True

82. Cable television allows candidates to target advertisements to small, select audiences. True/False

True

12. In 1987 the FCC abolished the fairness doctrine on the grounds that a. it was no longer necessary b. it impeded the enforcement of the "equal time" rule c. it unconstitutionally restricted the First Amendment rights of broadcasters d. the Supreme Court had threatened to overturn it

a. it was no longer necessary

10. The sort of sensational reporting characterized in the late nineteenth century by the New York Journal and the New York World is known as a. public journalism b. yellow journalism c. investigative journalism d. trial balloon journalism

b. yellow journalism

11. Between 1909 and 1994, the number of daily newspapers in the United States a. decreased substantially b. remained about the same c. increased slightly d. increased substantially

d. increased substantially