Grade 10 Biology Keystone practice

Characteristic of acid:

-acids will have a pH less than 7 -acids taste sour -can burn skin

How many valence electrons are in carbon?

4

Cladogram

A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

monomer

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

binomial nomenclature

A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name

ecosystem

A system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

What is essential to proper functioning of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

ATP (ATP is the essential molecule for transferring chemical energy within all cells.)

Which best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not. (Membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are not found in prokaryotes.)

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells?

It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes. (Mitochondria convert glucose to ATP, the primary molecule of energy transfer for cells.)

Autotrophs/ heterotrophs

Make their own energy/ obtain their energy from another.

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

Monomers are linked to form a polymer. (Amino acids are monomers that link together to form complex protein polymers.)

What made an acid acidic?

Nitrogen

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions?

The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific.

What statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid?

The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information. (Energy is stored in the bonds of carbohydrates such as glucose. The genetic code of DNA is determined by the sequence of nucleic acid monomers called nucleotides.)

What statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells?

They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell. (: Channel proteins and protein pumps regulate the movement of materials, such as gases and nutrients, across the plasma membrane.)

what 3 elements does your body needs to trace amounts for proper functioning?

calcium, potassium, and sulfur

hydrophobic/ hydrophilic

fear of water/ loves water

what are the four classes macromolecules?

polysaccharides or carbohydrates, triglycerides or lipids, polypeptides or proteins, and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves?

the attraction between molecules (Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, and capillary action draws the water up the roots and stem to leaves.)

polarity

the two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom within water molecules form a polar covalent bond, The polarity of water creates a slightly positive charge on hydrogen and a slightly negative change oxygen.

universal solvent

water is called universal solvent because it can dissolve more substance than any other liquid. Water's ability to dissolve things is extremely important to living things on earth.