Grammar
Where would you put the quotation marks: We will be reading the poem Bright Star in class today
"Bright Star"
child → child's children → children's cars → cars'
(;
Verbs that are conjugated must match in ___ , _____, and ____
Number (singular or plural) tense, and person (POV)
Declarative sentence
A sentence that makes a statement
Pronouns
A word that takes the place of a noun; stops repetitiveness; only a few pronouns
Fragment might be a phrase or a _____ clause
Dependent
What is the adjective in this sentence: Can I look through your four shirts?
Four
Advice VS advise
He gives advice. But, He did not advise her
Identify two prepositional phrases in the following sentence. My family and I used to camp in the Wawona Campground at Yosemite National Park.
In the Wawona campground and at YNP
Semicolon joins two ______ clauses
Independent
The dog ate her homework is an _____ clause
Independent
To fix a fragment, add an ____ ____
Independent clause
The audience was cheering as it rose to ____ feet in unison
It's
Titles of long works like novels should be ______
Italicized
Each dog, cat, and rabbit has ___ own bowl and blanket
Its
Most of the grass has lost ____ deep color
Its
The jury was relieved as ____ commitment came to a close
Its
Mac and cheese make/ makes a great snack for kids
Makes
My sister maria moved to Florida so she could live near the ocean. What is wrong?
Maria should be capital
When will you be able to go to dinner with ___________? I me myself ourselves
Me
Titles of works of art, including books, ______, and songs should be capitalized. Do not capitalized prepositions or conjunctions.
Movies
For compound antecedents joined by ____ , the pronoun agrees with the nearer or nearest antecedent
Or
Every ONE of the administratiors speak/ speaks highly of Mell
Speaks
Prepositional phrases
Start with a preposition and end with an object of the preposition Ex: The dog is hiding UNDER THE BED
What is the general noun in the sentence: She reigned the kingdom with strength and peace.
Strength and peace are the general nouns
The team were playing a great game until the rain started. What is wrong?
Team is singular, so it should have a singular verb, it should be the team was
She went to the store to buy a copy of the book the comfort garden. What is wrong?
The Comfort Garden should be capitalized
Parts of Speech
The building blocks of sentences, paragraphs, and entire texts
Error? I was full after eating a big breakfast, so I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.
The coordinating conjunction so does not make sense in this compound sentence. Instead use yet or but. OR rewrite it: Even though I was full after eating a big breakfast, I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.
Fragment phrase example, fix it: The girl in my class who asks a lot of questions
The girl in my class who asks a lot of questions sits in the back row
Commas separate: items in a series
The list of groceries included CREAM, BUTTER, TEA, AND EGGS
Error? Only one among the school's 450 students were invited to enter the city's annual spelling bee.
The plural helping verb were does not agree with its singular subject, one. Were should be changed to was.
Which word or words in this sentence form a direct object? I quickly read the third chapter.
The third chapter or chapter
What would "he/ she/ it gives" be in plural form?
They give
___________ the best friends to have. Their There They're They is
They're
What is the possessive noun in the sentence: Tom's notebook is on the dining room table.
Tom's is the possessive noun
Holidays should be capitalized (T/F)
True
The girls walk/ walks their dogs
Walk
Gerund
When the present participle acts as a noun; a verb ending in "ing" that serves as a noun
Is the following an adjective or adverb: This is a SLOW car.
adjective
Common Linking Verbs
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn, be
Whats the preposition: The earth rotates around the sun.
around
What is the pronoun and is it nom. or obj.: Shay caught the ball
ball; objective
What is the singular possessive form of class and walrus?
class's and walrus's
The three moods for verbs are
imperative, indicative, and subjunctive
A prepositional phrase must have a _____ and _____
object of preposition and preposition
What is the adverb in this sentence: He walks quickly through the crowd.
quickly
What is the definite article?
the; limited or fixed amount Ex: I lost THE bottle that belongs to me.
Adverbs describe ______ while adjectives describe ______
verbs; nouns and pronouns
Common Noun
A general name for a person, place, or thing; not capitalized; class or group of people, places, and things Ex: boy, dog, car, home, bank, puppy, flu, worker, son, mom, worker, girl, manager, chalk, mother, sister, woman, school, library, chair, etc.
Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and predicate and functions as part of a compound or complex sentence
Complex Sentence
A sentence made up of one independent (main) clause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clauses
Interrogative Sentence
A sentence that asks a question Ex: How are you doing this afternoon?
Interrogative Sentence
A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark Ex: Do you want to go to the movies?
My uncles, who used to work in the limestone quarry, ____ now started their own business. A. have B. has C. is D. was
A. have
Fix this parallelism error: Amanda could program computers, repair cars, and knew how to bake cakes.
Amanda could program computers, repair cars, and bake cakes.
He had to choose _________ 6 ties for the interview. between from before among
Among
Comparative Adjective
An adjective that compares two nouns or pronouns Ex: taller, happier, or "more delicious"
Infinitive
An unconjugated verb; to + verb Ex: to break; to be; to sing
Antecedents joined by _____ typically require a plural pronoun
And
When a relative pronoun ( who, whom, which, that) is used as the subject of the clause, the verb will agree with the ______ of the relative pronoun
Antecedent
What is the proper noun in the sentence: Aunt Jackie is my favorite aunt.
Aunt Jackie is the proper noun
He _______ this shop since I was five years old. A. will have B. will be having C. has had D. is having
C. has had
Words that begin sentences should be _____
Capitalized Ex: The dog likes to run
What is wrong? We will be opening presents on christmas day.
Christmas should be capital
The football game ended in a tie, the underdog caught up in the forth quarter; this is a _____ ____
Comma splice
The new library WITH ITS MANY BOOKS AND ROOMS fills a long felt need
Cross out all bolded in order to help conjugate verbs easier
What is the DO and IDO in this sentence: My friends brought me a package of apples from their trip to France.
DO: Package IDO: Me
What is the DO and IDO in this sentence: Alex GAVE his brother the ball.
DO: the ball IDO: his brother
Fix this sentence: Debbie was speaking with her colleague when her boss will appear, demanding a meeting
Debbie was speaking with her colleague when her boss appeared, demanding a meeting
Use a period for _____ and ____ sentences
Declarative and imperative
Because the dog ate her homework is a _____ clause
Dependent
Simple Verbs
Describe something that happened once or general truths Ex: I GAVE her a gift yesterday. (past) I GIVE her a gift everyday. (present) I WILL GIVE her a gift tomorrow. (future)
Intransitive Verb
Do not point to a receiver of an action; action verb doesn't point to subject or object; verb that does not have a direct object; the person or thing that receives the DO is the IDO Ex: She JUMPED over the fence. He PLAYS. Jon WRITES well.
Quotation marks
Enclose titles of short literary works such as short stories or poems; they also enclose direct quotations within the text of a document where the quotation is integrated into the text; writes use quotation marks to set off dialogue
Trick: use -_____ ending when comparing two things and -_____ for three or more.
Er; est
Commas set off: nonessential information and appositives
Estelle, OUR NEWLY ELECTED GOVERNOR, will be in attendance
Whats the adverbial phrase: He goes camping every summer. They are going to sleep earlier than usual.
Every summer and earlier than usual
Use ! for ____ sentences
Exclamatory
Verbs
Express action (run, jump, play) or state of being (is, seems)
Commas separate: introductory words and phrases from the rest of the sentence
FOR EXAMPLE, we have ten students who demand a change
Point of Views
First person: the speaker (I, we) Second person: the person being addressed (you) Third person: is outside the conversation (they, them)
Word usage example
For example: Jane was just thinking of John, not Tim, when she ran into him. (It is not clear who she ran into.) This is better: Jane had been thinking of John when she ran into Tim.
Proper adjective
Formed from a proper noun and begins with a capital letter Ex: African American (African is the proper adjective that modifies the proper noun) and Belgian Waffle
What's the error: I love French Fries, Belgian waffles, and Italian pasta.
Fries should be lower case because it's a common noun, even with the proper adjective French
Some pronouns also require ____ agreement along with number agreement
Gender
Commas separate: two independent clauses along with a coordinating conjunction
George order the steak, BUT Bruce preferred the ham
Adverbial clauses
Has a subject, verb, and subordinating conjunction
What is the IC and DC: Jamie agreed to pick up her sister from school provided that her sister give her gas money
IC: Jamie agreed to pick up her sister from school DC: her sister give her gas money
Clauses can be ___ able to stand alone or ___, unable to stand alone
Independent; dependent
Possessive Pronoun
Indicate possession Ex: The apartment is HERS, but the furniture is MINE. - my, mine, your, their, or our
What mood is these two sentences: Are they playing the guitar? and They are playing the guitar.
Indicative mood
Use a question mark for _____ sentences
Interrogative
EACH of the many cars is/ are on the grass
Is
Subordinating conjunction
Joins a subordinate clause (dep.) to a main clause (ind.) to make a complex sentence Ex: after, because, unless, until, when, in order, where, whenever, although, since, before
Comparative or superlative adjective: The bed in the guest room is the most comfortable bed I have ever slept in
Most comfortable; superlative
Subject verb agreement example
My parents or my brother is going to pick me up from the airport
What is the reflective pronoun in this sentence: I made the dessert myself.
Myself is the reflexive pronoun
Is dad supposed to be capital here? My dad is my best friend.
No because its not a name; my dad" is the same as saying, "my ball, my dog, my pencil," none of which need capital letters
Is this a complete sentence: Since she went to the store.
No it is a DC and it needs an IC to be complete
Noncountable V.S. Countable Noun
Non-countable: money and water Countable: dollars and cubes Can have cross over, for example a chair is a common noun and a countable noun
What is the interjection: Ouch! He stepped on my toe.
Ouch!
Which one of these words is NOT an interjection? hey, wow, oh, painful, hooray, ouch
Painful, it's an adjective
Identify the euphemism in the following passage: I learned today, with great sadness, that the elderly patient passed away last evening. He was a pleasant, amiable gentleman and will truly be missed by everyone at the hospital.
Passed away
Apostrophes may show _____ such as the BOY'S watch
Possesion
A _____ is just the verb, plus the other words that go with the verb
Predicate
Is this sentence: I have walked to the store three times today. - perfect - present perfect - past perfect - future perfect
Present perfect
Demonstrative Pronoun
Pronoun that points out a person, place, thing, or idea; specific things Ex: this, that, these, those
Reciprocal Pronouns
Pronouns that show a mutual action; two things at once Ex: each other, one another - Each other: used when the antecedent is two things - One another: used when the antecedent is three or more things
All sentences and ______ nouns (the name of a person, place, or thing) begin with a capital letter
Proper
Identify the participles in these sentences: Seated patiently, Ron listened to his friend's boring story. Maya petted the sleeping cat.
Seated and Sleeping
What is wrong: The Senators from Virginia and Lousiana strongly favor the bill
Senators should not be capital
What is the indefinite pronoun in this sentence: Several came to the party to see both.
Several and both are the indefinite pronouns
What pronoun best completes the sentence: _________ baked the cookies herself and ate most of them.
She
Correlative Conjunctions
Show connection between pairs; in pairs Ex: either or, neither nor, not only but also
Commas
Show pause in text or set information apart from the main text
What type of sentence is this: The cat ran under the porch
Simple
What type of sentence is this: The turtle swam around the pond
Simple
Single subjects agree with _____ verbs
Single
Active Voice
The subject of the sentence performs the action or receives the action Ex: Jon drew the picture. (Jon, the subject is doing the action of drawing a picture)
Both students finished _____ assignments
Their
The children and their dogs enjoyed _____ day at the beach
Their
The grandchildren and their cousins enjoyed _____ day at the park
Their
Alyssa and Jackie brought ____ a big lunch today
Themselves
Error? Alexander Hamilton, whose portrait is on the twenty-dollar bill, was one of our nation's "Founding Fathers"?
This is a statement (or declarative sentence), so it should end with a period, not a question mark
Indicative Mood
Used for facts, opinions, and questions Ex: You can do this. I think that you can do this. Do you know that you can do this?
Quotation Marks
Used to indicate the beginning or end of a quotation (Ex: "Where are my glasses?" Grandma asked.)
Participles
Verb form lacking number and person; verbal that ends with -ing or -ed and serves as an adjective; used in verb conjugation to indicate the state of an action Ex: she is going; we had waited
All single indefinite pronouns agree with single ____
Verbs
Veronica attended cooking classes, and she ____ to yoga classes too
Went; Attended and went are both past tense
What is the verb and predicate in the sentence: Harry wrote the letter neatly.
Wrote is the verb and wrote the letter neatly is the predicate
What is the interjection: "Come here! Look! Our team won the Super Bowl! Yay!"
Yay! because it is an expression of emotion
Is this a complex sentence: While I don't want to miss my bus, I can stay a few minutes longer.
Yes
Is dad supposed to be capital here? I told Dad to come with us.
Yes because dad is used as a name
What are some prepositions?
about, before, during, on, at, up, under, after, for, beneath, over, until, against, between, within, toward, without, down, at, by, to, through, with, beyond, and of
What is the adverb in this sentence: She almost tripped over my dog.
almost
What is the plural possessive form of class and walrus?
classes' and walruses'
3 types of conjunctions?
coordinating, correlative, subordinating
Which verb phrase correctly completes the following sentence: By this time tomorrow, we _______ in New York.
will have landed
What are the 8 parts of speech?
1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adverb 5. Adjective 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection
Compound-complex sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC
2 or more IC 1 or more DC
He decided to drive instead of taking the train __ he didn't think the train would arrive in time
:
Intensive/ Reflexive Pronouns
A pronoun that emphasizes or reflects back to a noun or another pronoun; a pronoun ending in -self or -selves (myself and themselves) Ex: I myself, him himself, her herself, it itself, our ourselves, you yourself, they themselves
Relative Pronouns
A pronoun that marks a relative clause Ex: who, whose, whom, which, that
Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible. B. Both the student and the teacher knew the student had the correct answer. C. My mom and sister took my sister's car to the airport. D. The nurse told the patient that the patient's blood pressure was too high.
A. Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible. - Who needs to go to the doctor: Karen or Samantha? Since it is unclear which person the pronoun she is referring to, this sentence is grammatically incorrect.
Past Tense Verb
A verb that tells that something has already happened; Many are formed by adding -ed Ex: was, climbed, or spoke
Future Tense Verbs
A verb used to express action that will take place in the future Ex: will be, will climb, or will speak
Adverb
A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; usually answers why? when? where? how? to what extent?
Conjunction
A word used to join words or groups of words
Proper Noun
A SPECIFIC person, place, thing, or idea; always capitalized Ex: George Washington, Mark Walburg, New York, Los Angeles, Grand Canyon, Earth, Lincoln memorial, Tuesday, President Trump, Paris, Africa, Julie
Independent clause
A clause that can stand alone as a sentence; has a verb and subject
Irregular Verbs
A noun that forms its plural by changing the spelling of the word Ex: Present Past Past Participle am was been do did done grow grew grown run ran run begin began begun
Noun
A person, place, thing, or idea; most often fill subject or object in a sentence
Adverbial phrase
A phrase that functions as an adverb; answers when something happens
Adverb Phrase
A phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
Interrogative Pronoun
A pronoun that asks a question Ex: what, which, who, whom, whose; the "wh" words
Indefinite Pronoun
A pronoun that does not refer to a specific, person, place, thing, or idea; unknown amount; replace nouns to avoid unnecessary repetition Ex: everyone, everything, everybody, anybody, many, most, few, each, some, someone, all, nothing, nobody, and no one, several, neither, either
Error? I can get eight hours of sleep tonight, I don't think I will be able to get up early enough to drive to the city in time for the meeting.
Alternatively, "I can" might be changed to "If I don't" or "If I cannot." or needs a subordinating conjunction "unless" at the beginning of the clause.
Which word in the following sentence is an adverb? My dear mother always reminds me to take a jacket.
Always - The word "always" is an adverb modifying the verb "reminds."
Which words in the following sentence form an adverb phrase? While I was running around Green Lake, I saw Gary Grenell, a local photographer.
Around Green Lake
Fragment DC example, fix it: Because of the big storm we had last weekend
Because of the big storm we had last weekend, the park will be closed
Verbal phrases
Begin with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentence; phrases can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb Noun: TO VISIT EUROPE has always been her dream Adjective: ENJOYING THE STARS THAT FILLED THE SKY, Dave lingered outside for quite a while
Identify the complete sentence. A. Walking home from the store. B. While all of the patients were waiting in the waiting room. C. Go to the doctor. D. During my long, relaxing vacation.
C. Go to the doctor.
Although Josh is a good football player, he can become much better if he practices more often. Rewrite, beginning with: Josh is a good football player, The next words will be: A. so he can become much better B. even though he can become much better C. but he can become much better D. however he can become much better.
C. but he can become much better
Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence: There were a significant ______ of applicants to the nursing program this year A. stacks B. aggregate C. number D. amount
C. number - "Number" is used when referring to things that can be individually counted.
She uses the ______ beads to make these beautiful bracelets. A. most tiny B. more tiny C. tiniest D. tinier
C. tiniest
What is the proper noun in the sentence: Alex is a wonderful player.
Alex is the proper noun
Subordinating conjunctions for: cause and comparison
Cause: because Comparison: as, than
Verb phrase
Composed of a main verb along with its helping verbs Ex: The chef WANTED TO COOK a different dish
What type of sentence is this: Alligators generally lie still, but they can move with lightning speed
Compound
What type of sentence is this: The cat ran under the porch, and the dog ran after him
Compound
What type of sentence is this: The cat, who is scared of the dog, ran under the porch, and the dog ran after him
Compound complex
What are the adjectives in the following sentences: I think that pizza smells delicious. The beautiful blue jade necklace belongs to Jade.
Delicious and beautiful, blue, jade
Perfect Continuous Verbs
Describe actions that started in the past and are continuing Ex: Her friends HAD BEEN GIVING her gifts all night when I arrived. (past) I HAVE BEEN GIVING her gifts every year for nine years. (present) I WILL HAVE BEEN GIVING her gifts on holidays for ten years next year. (future)
Perfect Verbs
Describe repeated actions or actions that started in the past and have been completed Ex: I HAD GIVEN her a gift before you got there. (past) I HAVE GIVEN her a gift already. (present) I WILL HAVE GIVEN her a gift by midnight. (future)
What is the common noun in the sentence: Dinner was ready at 6pm.
Dinner is the common noun
Dangling modifier example
Discussing the state of the nation, I listened to the president's speech The participial phrase "discussing the state of the nation" is disconnected from the word it modifies which is "president" Fixed: I listened to the president's speech discussing the state of the nation
Dependent clause
Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence; has verb and subject but doesn't show complete thought
What is wrong: ducks flying in a V-formation cross the Midwest in the fall
Ducks should be capital because it is the first word of the sentence
Subjunctive Mood
For wishes and statements that go against facts Ex: I wish that I were going to the show. If I were you, I would do this. (goes against fact, you can't be them and have the chance to do it)
What is the proper noun in the sentence: He has a house across the Georges River.
Georges River is the proper noun
The child has always been afraid of __________ to the dentist. to go going have gone go
Going
What word is best to substitute for the underlined words in the following sentence? THE MAN sat in the car waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
He
He liked to cook and baking was his speciality; fix this
He liked to cook, and baking was his speciality; add a comma
What is used to conjugate verbs?
Helping verbs Ex: to be, to have, to do
Helping Verbs List Song
Helping verbs, helping verbs, there are 23!! Am, is, are, was and were, being, been, and be, Have, has, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall and should. There are five more helping verbs: may, might, must, can, could!
I want ______ to win the trophy. she her hers herself
Her
The pronoun ___ should always be capitalized
I
Fix the run on: I bought a cream pie from the bakery it was delicious
I bought a cream pie from the bakery. It was delicious. OR I bought a cream pie from the bakery, and it was delicious. OR I bought a cream pie from the bakery; it was delicious.
Which words in the following sentence form the main clause (independent clause)? Although I like uncooked raisins, I do not like them in cookies, cinnamon rolls, or hot cereal.
I do not like them in cookies, cinnamon rolls, or hot cereal
Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the independent clause? Immediately after I wake up, I make a cup of coffee.
I make a cup of coffee
What is wrong? He and i have never understood one another
I should be capital
Commas set off: the day and month of a date within a text
I was born on February 16, 1968
What mood is these two sentences: Play the guitar! and Please play the guitar.
Imperative mood
It should be "I could have danced all night," not "I could of danced all night." because Its is the only possessive that doesn't have an apostrophe. It's, with the apostrophe, means ____ ____
It is
Fragment
Occurs when a group of words is not a complete sentence but is punctuated like one
Dangling modifier
Occurs when a modifying phrase is separated from the word describes
Comma splice
Occurs when two independent clauses are joined together in a paragraph with only a comma to splice them together
Fused or run-on sentence
Occurs when two independent clauses are joined with no punctuation whatsoever
Past and Present Participle
Past: usually formed by adding the sufix -ed to the verb stem Ex: type becomes typed; drop becomes dropped Present: formed by adding -ing to the verb stem Ex: typing and dropping
What is the gerund in this sentence: Running is my favorite form of exercise.
Running is a noun and acts as the subject of the sentence
Error? Lydia does not agree with this president's policies, so she could care less if his approval rating drops even lower in the polls.
The correct expression is "could not care less." "Could care less" is incorrect—it conveys the opposite meaning from the one intended.
Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? My father, from who I have learned so much, has had an immense effect on my career as a nurse.
Since who is an object of the preposition (from), we must use whom
My sister and my best friend lives in Georgia. What is wrong?
Subject is plural and needs a plural verb (live)
What mood are these two sentences: I suggest that Lee play the guitar. and If I were Lee, I would play the guitar.
Subjunctive mood
Error? Katrina, the youngest of my four cats, are due for a check-up at the vet.
The plural verb are does not agree with its singular subject, Katrina. Are should be changed to is.
Where would you put the quotation marks: The poem opens with the line Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art.
The poem opens with the line "Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art."
Error? Whenever I scratch my dog's belly, she grins over joy.
The preposition over is incorrectly used here; it should be replaced with with. Alternatively, the phrase "over joy" might be replaced with joyfully.
Past, present, and future example
The rule for this is: ring is what a bell does in the present tense, rang is in the past, and rung is in the past perfect, and must use has, had, or have
Error? "Wow;" she exclaimed. "This is one of the best days of my entire life!"
The semicolon following Wow is incorrect punctuation. This mark should be changed to a comma or an exclamation mark.
Error? The fact that movies and TV shows based on Jane Austen's completed novels has attracted millions of viewers would have astonished the author, who died 200 years ago.
The singular verb has attracted does not agree with its plural subject, movies. Has should be changed to have.
In this prepositional phrase identify the object of preposition and preposition: The shallows flew over the trees near the lake.
Two in this one: Prepositional phrase: over the trees Prep: over Obj of Prep: trees Prepositional phrase: near the lake Prep: near Obj of Prep: lake
In the following sentence, which verb has a direct object? Which one or two words comprise the direct object? Purring loudly, the mother cat grooms her kittens with her rough tongue.
Verb: grooms has a DO DO: kittens or her kittens The verb purring doesn't have a DO
What type of phrase is this: DODGING TRAFFIC, Rachel drove to work on back roads.
Verbal phrase, modifying the noun Rachel
Continuous Verbs
Verbs describe an ongoing action Ex: I WAS GIVING her a gift when you got here. (past) I AM GIVING her a gift; come in! (present) I WILL BE GIVING her a gift at dinner. (future)
Phrasal Verb
Verbs that are followed by words that look like prepositions but they are part of the verb Ex: call off; look up; drop offf
Action Verbs
Verbs that describe action; verb that shows what the subject is doing in the sentence; a sentence can be complete with an action verb Ex: He SINGS. Run! Go! She READS. I TALK with him everyday.
What word is the conjunction and what kind is it: He went home when I left.
When; subordinating
General Noun
Names of conditions or ideas; abstract Ex: beauty strength, peace, truth
What is the pronoun and is it nom. or obj.: Nathan drank water
Nathan; nom. because he formed the action on the water
The names of general locations like river and school are ____ _____
Not capitalized
Objective Pronouns
Noun having action or verb taken upon it
Nomative Pronoun
Noun performing action or verb
Appositive phrase
Noun phrase that renames the word or group of words right beside it; usually follow the noun they describe and are separated by commas Ex: My dad, A CLOCK MAKER, loved antiques
Possessive Noun
Noun that shows ownership or relationship Ex: dog's, man's, lion's, cat's, mom's, buses'
When indefinite pronouns are used, the pronoun must agree with the ____ of the indefinite pronoun
Number
verbs must agree in ____ with its subject
Number
Is the following an adjective or adverb: James is eating his lunch HUNGRILY.
Adverb
Is the following an adjective or adverb: My niece is playing QUIETLY.
Adverb
Is the following an adjective or adverb: Sterling played BRILLIANTLY today.
Adverb
Colon
(:) used following the salutation in a business letter or email (Dear Mr. Melton:); also used to introduce a list of items (Ex: Here is a list of healthy fruits: apples, oranges, strawberries, blueberries, and tangerines.)
When the players dropped their gloves ___ a fight broke out on the ice hockey rink floor
, comma
Verb of Being ("to be" verb)
A verb that describes a state of being rather than an action Ex: am, are, is, seems, or appears
Complex sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC
1 IC 1 or more DC
Simple sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC
1 IC 0 DC
Singular Objective Pronouns (object)
1st peron: me 2nd person: you 3rd person: him, her, and it
Singular Nominative Pronouns (subject)
1st person: I 2nd person: you 3rd person: he, she, and it
Singular Possessive Pronouns
1st person: my (posses nom.) and mine (posses obj.) 2nd person: your (posses nom.) and yours (posses obj.) 3rd person: his, her, its (posses nom.) and his hers and its (posses obj.)
Singular Reflexive Pronouns
1st person: myself 2nd person: yourself 3rd person: himself, herself, itself
Plural Possessive Pronouns
1st person: our (posses nom.) and ours (posses obj.) 2nd person: your (posses nom.) and yours (posses obj.) 3rd person: their (posses nom.) and theirs (posses obj.)
Plural Reflexive Pronouns
1st person: ourselves 2nd person: yourselves 3rd person: themselves
Plural Objective Pronouns
1st person: us 2nd person: you 3rd person: them
Plural Nominative Pronoun
1st person: we 2nd person: you 3rd person: they
Compound sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC
2 or more IC 0 DC
The buffet offer three choices__ ham, turkey, and beef
:
I need to buy a new car soon ___ my old car broke down last month
;
The guests at the party included Mrs. Green, my thirds grade teacher___ Mr. Dye, my neighbor__ and Dr. Kay, our principal.
;
Declarative Sentence
A sentence that makes a statement and ends with a period Ex: The dog chased the cat around the yard.
Imperative sentence
A sentence that requests or commands
Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. My sister and I talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. B. I and my sister talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. C. My sister and me talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. D. Me and my sister talked to the nurse about our father's allergies.
A. My sister and I talked to the nurse about our father's allergies.
Examples of prepositions
About, by, off, toward, under, on, onto, underneath, despite, among, around, down, during, at, before, except, up, outside, to, till, near, of, between, beyond, beside, through, into, from, past, with
Two Types of Verbs
Action verbs and linking verbs
Transitive verbs can be _____ or _____
Active voice or passive voice
Personal Pronouns
Acts as subjects or objects in a sentence Ex: SHE received a letter; I gave the letter to HER.
Is the following an adjective or adverb: Mark is really HUNGRY.
Adjective
Is the following an adjective or adverb: That music is NOISY.
Adjective
Irregular comparative adjectives
Adjective Comparative Much More Bad Worse Good Better Little Less Far Further/ farther
Irregular superlative adjectives
Adjective Superlative Much Most Bad Worst Good Best Little Least Far Furthest/ farthest
Superlative Adjective
Adjective used to compare three or more items Ex: This is the HOTTEST day of the year. Ex: She is the SMARTEST girl in the school.
Positive Adjective
Adjective used when no comparison being made; normal form of an adj. Ex: This is a HOT day
Absolute Adjective
Adjective with a meaning that is generally not capable of being intensified or compared Ex: "unique" because it is either unique or it is not unique; it can't be more unique than something else because unique means one of a kind
In the following sentence, identify one adverb and one adjective. Sleeping on the floor can be amazingly comfortable.
Adjective: comfortable Adverb: amazingly
Comparative Adjective
Adjectives used to compare two things; Usually using the suffix -er and the word 'than'. Ex: she is FASTER than me.
These are the students who is/ are receiving the awards
Are
Commands
Are actually complete sentences even though they look like they lack a subject; the subject is assumed to be you Ex: Try it. -----> (You) try it.
Similarly, pronouns must agree with their ______ (the words they replace) in number
Antecedents
An ____ used to show possession is always directly after the person/s or animal/s that actually possess/es the thing: If the bone belongs to one dog, it is "the dog's bone," but if it belongs to two or more dogs, it is "the dogs' bone."
Apostrophe
My favorites is/ are apples and pears
Are
Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. I work at the hospital, but my boyfriend works at the clinic. B. I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic. C. I work at the hospital - my boyfriend works at the clinic. D. I work at the hospital; my boyfriend works at the clinic.
B. I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic.
Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Having graded them last night, the students were handed back the exams by the teacher. B. The teacher handed back the exams she had graded last night to the students. C. The teacher handed back the exams to the students last night that she had graded. D. The teacher handed back the exams to the students that she had graded last night.
B. The teacher handed back the exams she had graded last night to the students.
It is believed that meerkats are immune to certain types of venom, such as the venom of scorpions. Rewrite, beginning with: Scorpion venom is one of the The next words will be: A. types of meerkat B. types of venom that C. immunities that meerkats have D. most deadly types of venom
B. types of venom that
What word is the conjunction and what kind is it: The rock was small, but it was heavy.
BUT; coordinating
Apostrophes are not used just to form a plural! "I love my baby's" is just not right. It should be _____
Babies
She chose ___________ blue and purple for her nail color. among through between of
Between
What is the adverb: He carelessly sped around the flashing yellow light
Carelessly
Nominative Case of the Noun/Pronoun
Case for noun and pronouns that are the subject of a sentence
Possessive Case of the Noun/Pronoun
Case for noun and pronouns that shows possession or ownership
Objective Case of the Noun/Pronoun
Case for nouns and pronouns that that are an object in a sentence; that can be a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition
When collective nouns function as the antecedent, the pronoun choice will be singular or plural depending on the function of the ______
Collective Ex: Our FAMILY are spending THEIR vacations in Georgia, Maine and Rome.
What is the collective noun in the sentence: There was a colony of seagulls at the beach.
Colony is the collective noun
Semicolons can also be used to join items in a list when those items already include a ______
Comma
What is wrong with this sentence: Ice cream is my favorite food, it is so cold and creamy.
Comma should be a semicolon
______ used in a series of words typically include one before the word and in academic writing: I had apples, peaches, and pears for lunch
Commas
Two types of nouns
Common and Proper
What type of sentence is this: Mice are most likely to come out at night after other animals have gone to sleep
Complex
What type of sentence is this: The cat, who is scared of the dog, ran under the porch
Complex
Noun phrase
Consists of a noun and its modifiers Ex: THE BIG, RED BARN rests beside THE VACANT CHICKEN HOUSE
In the sentence I like baked potatoes, but I love French fries, is the word but a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction?
Coordinating because it connects two short but complete sentences (FANBOYS)
Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. We are going to the __________ house for dinner Saturday night. A. Smiths B. Smith's C. Smiths's D. Smiths'
D. Smiths'
Which of the following sentences contains a predicate nominative? A. The boy ran to the mailbox. B. Nurses use math every day in their profession. C. The class is nervous about the upcoming test. D. We are students at the local university.
D. We are students at the local university. - We are students at the local university contains the predicate nominative students because it is restating what the subject (we) is. Notice that it follows a linking verb (are).
Your recipe could use _____ ingredients and _____ salt. A. fewer, fewer B. less, fewer C. less, less D. fewer, less
D. fewer, less
My new earrings, _____ are golden, are in a small box _____ Sylvia gave me. A. that, that B. that, which C. which, which D. which, that
D. which, that
What word is the conjunction and what kind is it: Either you are coming or you are staying.
Either... or; correlative.
What are the 7 coordinating conjunctions?
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so); connect equal parts of sentences
The mall is closing early today so we'll have to go shopping tomorrow; this is a _____ _____
Fused or run on sentence
Is this sentence: When she comes for the food, I will have walked to the store. - perfect - present perfect - past perfect - future perfect
Future perfect
The student felt that the final exam was _________ than the mid term. hardest most hardest harder more hard
Harder
In the sentence I threw the ball to Pablo, which pronoun could you substitute for Pablo's name?
Him
Every boy and girl must learn to behave _____ in schiol
Himself or herself
Either my brother or my dad will bring ____ van to pick us up
His
Each and every man, woman, and child brings unique qualities to _____ family
His or her
Every creative writer, technical writer, and research writer is attending _____ assigned lecture
His or her
Every student should check ____ homework before turning it in
His or her
Neither student finished ____ or ____ assignment
His or her
What is the common noun in the sentence: He has a house across the river.
House and river are the common nouns
What is the proper noun in the sentence: He is a fan of Hugh Jackman and the movie Wolverine.
Hugh Jackman and Wolverine are the proper nouns
What's the error in this sentence: Not every nation has a President as its leader; some have prime ministers, some have kings or queens, and others have military dictators.
In his sentence president is a common noun so it should be lower case Ex: Did you see President Obama at the rally? Me and my sister are going to see the president tomorrow.
My favorite is/ are apples and bananas
Is
NEITHER of the students is/ are happy about the play
Is
The medicine that is responsible for curing a host of deadly diseases ___________ in dangerously low supply.
Is
This is the student who is/ are receiving an award
Is
What is the linking verb in this sentence: He is the best player on the team.
Is
The university is having ____ tenth fundraiser today
Its
Either the resident mice or the mangers car gets _____ a meal of good leftovers
Itself
Which is the correct pronoun use: Jamie called Butch and I to dinner. Jamie called Butch and me to dinner.
Jamie called Butch and me to dinner. - The word me is used for objects and I is used for subjects in a sentence. - An easier way to determine me versus I is to take the other person out of the sentence and see which sounds right. - "Jamie called I to dinner" just doesn't cut it. It would be "Jamie and I went to dinner" because "Me went to dinner" is just wrong.
Colon is used to introduce a _____
List, definiton, or clarification
What is the common noun in the sentence: They talk about movies and celebrities.
Movies and celebrities are the common nouns
Fix this comma splice: My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving, we eat ham at Christmas
My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving, and we eat ham at Christmas. OR my family eats turkey at Thanksgiving. We eat ham at Christmas. OR my family eats turkey at Thanksgiving; we eat ham at Christmas
Collective Noun
Name for person, place, or thing that is considered as a unit or may act as a whole Ex: class, dozen, herd, team, public, crowd, company, flock, pack, staff, jury
Specific nouns
Name people, places, and things that are understood by using your senses; concrete Ex: baby, friend, town, father, park, city hall, apple, gasoline
Neither of the students refuse to take the exam. What is wrong?
Neither is a singular pronoun so it should be neither refuses
Which two words in the following sentence are prepositions: My cat usually sleeps on the bed with me.
On and with
Is this sentence in active or passive voice: The house was painted by Anna.
Passive voice
Is this sentence: Before I walked to the store, I had walked to the school. - perfect - present perfect - past perfect
Past perfect
Parallelism
Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other
What is the common noun in the sentence: Alex is a wonderful player.
Player is the common noun
What is the action verb in this sentence: My brother plays tennis.
Plays
Compound subjects usually go with _____ verbs
Plural
Richard Attwell, the governor of Virginia, will be hosting a dinner to honor president Green. What is wrong?
President should be capital
____ nouns should be capital including names of people and specific places, should be capitalized
Proper
Oak trees - with proper care - can grow upwards of thirty feet; providing shade for people, shelter for animals, and perches for birds. How should this be fixed?
Providing shade is not an independent clause, so it cannot be proceeded by a semicolon
To fix a comma splice or a run on add the correct ____ and or conjunction
Punctuation
Subordinating conjunctions for: purpose and condition
Purpose: in order that, that, so that Condition: though, although, as long as, even if, even though, if, provided that, unless, while
Quotation marks: Generally, all other forms of punctuation are written inside the ______. Jean said, "I am the oldest person here." And "Hi!" said Tom.
Quotes
Pronoun Example: Jasmine loves movies. ___ sees movies all the time because ___ has a movie pass.
Replace Jasmine with "she"
What is wrong: Rob and Kelly raced across the River in their small boats
River should not be capital, its a common noun
___________ went to the movies last weekend. She and I She and me Her and I Her and me
She and I
Commas set off: the names of cities from their states, territories, or provinces
She lives in Houston, Texas
Commas separate: coordinate adjectives
She made herself a big bowl of COLD, DELICIOUS ice cream
What type of sentence is this: Squirrels, to prepare for winter, gather and hide seeds and nuts underground
Simple; with a verb and prepositional phrase
They have lived in an apartment __________ they arrived in Chicago. for from since during
Since
Linking verbs agree with the ____ and not the subject compliment
Subject
When each and every precede the antecedent, the pronoun agreement will be ____
Singular
If the two nouns refer to the same person, a ______ pronoun is used
Singular Ex: my best friends and confidant still lives in HER log cabin
Examples of singular and plural nouns
Singular --> Plural book books house houses foot feet leaf leaves woman women
Phrase
Small group of words that stand together as a unit and suggest a certain image or idea; lacks a subject or a predicate Ex: bicycling down a shady country road or my oldest cat
To make conjugating verbs easier, cross out words that appears between the ____ and _____
Subject and verb
Shelly achieved more at nursing school because she was going to bed earlier, eating healthy food, and _____ home to study more (stay)
Staying
Error? I ate so much food on Thanksgiving that my stomach was literally bursting at the seams
Stomachs do not have seams like clothing or cloth toys, this is an impossible scenario. Deleting the word literally would make it clear that the writer is using the term "bursting at the seams" figuratively.
Identify the sub, verb, and sub conj in this adverbial clause: Sit at the table until your food is eaten.
Sub: food Verb: eaten Sub conj: until
Although November is usually my favorite month of the year, this year it rained too much for me. Is the word although a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction?
Subordinating because it connects a subordinate clause (although nov is usually my favorite month of the year) to the sentences main clause (this year it rained too much for me)
What is the conjunction this: We chose that restaurant because Jan loves pizza
Subordinating; because
Passive Voice
The subject of the sentence receives the action Ex: The picture is drawn by Jon (the subject, picture, is receiving the action from Jon)
Error? First we will fly to Copenhagen, a port city in Denmark and then we will board a ship and sail to several different Baltic nations.
This compound sentence needs a comma inserted after Denmark and before the conjunction and
Error? My grandma says that "when she was in high school, she and her classmates handwrote or typed their essays—desktop computers were not common until the late 1980s."
This is not a direct quotation, so the quotation marks should be deleted from this sentence. (The speaker is paraphrasing his or her grandmother.)
Error? On the test people who don't carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes.
This sentence is unclear. The phrase "on the test" is meant to modify the noun mistakes, so the phrase should be moved to follow this noun: People who don't carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes on the test.
What is the prepositional phrase: Tanner and Carol must drive through the tunnel, but Carol is clasutphopbic.
Through the tunnel
Subordinating conjunctions for: time and manner
Time: after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while Manner: as, as if, as though
______ should be capitalized when used as a part of a person's name, but not when they stand alone
Titles
I am going ______________ my workout now. to doing doing to do be doing
To do
Imperative Mood
Used for commands, orders, or requests Ex: Will you do this for me? You are going to do this!
Transitive Verb
Verb whose action points to a receiver; verb that has a direct object, which receives the action of the verb Ex: Alex GAVE his brother the ball. He PLAYS the piano. The piano was PLAYED by him.
What is the subject and verb in this sentence: My friends brought me a package of apples from their trip to France.
Verb: brought Subject: friends
Linking Verb
Verbs that describe being; links the subject to the rest of the sentence; intransitive verbs that show a condition (subject is described by does no action) Ex: The girls APPEARED to be genuine. I AM a doctor. Pollution from cars has BECOME a major problem. I FEEL awful about forgetting her present. I AM Jon. I SMELL roses.
The girl walks/ walk her dog
Walks
Commas set up: numbers in a text of more than four digits
We expect 25,000 visitors today
What would "I give" be in plural form?
We give
What is the conjunction this: Anne and Parker drank their coffee while they read the paper
While; subordinating
Interjection
Word for an exclamation. that is used alone or as a piece to a sentence Ex: ouch! wow! please! hey! oh,...
Prepositon
Word placed before a noun or pronoun that shows the relationship between an object and another word in the sentence Ex: AFTER the party or UNDER the cushions
Adjectives
Word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun Ex: happy, sad, pretty, sparkly, navy
Verb
Words that show action or a state of being; one of these is required in a sentence, without a verb you have no sentence; shows the subject's movement or the movement that has been done to the subject Ex: run, dance, jump, play, go, slide, swim, jog (action) or is, seems, feel, am, become, appeared (being)
Comparative or superlative adjective: The weather is worse than yesterday
Worse; comparative
Are the words is, am, and are verbs? Why or why not?
Yes, they are "verbs of being"; forms of the verb to be; not all verbs show action
Do you capitalize mr and dr?
Yes; titles of people (Mr., Dr., etc.)
What would "you give" be in plural form?
You (all) give
You can park your car in the garage, the carport, or on the street; fix the parallelism!
You can park your car in the garage, in the carport, or on the street
What are the indefinite articles?
a and an; no limit or fixed amount Ex: Does anyone have A bottle of wine?
Whats the preposition: The needle is beneath the hay.
beneath
Independent or dependent: When liz went to the studio to sing.
dependent
What is the adverb in this sentence: She went outside and ran.
outside
What is the subordinating conjunction: Jamie agreed to pick up her sister from school provided that her sister give her gas money
provided that