Grammar

Where would you put the quotation marks: We will be reading the poem Bright Star in class today

"Bright Star"

child → child's children → children's cars → cars'

(;

Verbs that are conjugated must match in ___ , _____, and ____

Number (singular or plural) tense, and person (POV)

Declarative sentence

A sentence that makes a statement

Pronouns

A word that takes the place of a noun; stops repetitiveness; only a few pronouns

Fragment might be a phrase or a _____ clause

Dependent

What is the adjective in this sentence: Can I look through your four shirts?

Four

Advice VS advise

He gives advice. But, He did not advise her

Identify two prepositional phrases in the following sentence. My family and I used to camp in the Wawona Campground at Yosemite National Park.

In the Wawona campground and at YNP

Semicolon joins two ______ clauses

Independent

The dog ate her homework is an _____ clause

Independent

To fix a fragment, add an ____ ____

Independent clause

The audience was cheering as it rose to ____ feet in unison

It's

Titles of long works like novels should be ______

Italicized

Each dog, cat, and rabbit has ___ own bowl and blanket

Its

Most of the grass has lost ____ deep color

Its

The jury was relieved as ____ commitment came to a close

Its

Mac and cheese make/ makes a great snack for kids

Makes

My sister maria moved to Florida so she could live near the ocean. What is wrong?

Maria should be capital

When will you be able to go to dinner with ___________? I me myself ourselves

Me

Titles of works of art, including books, ______, and songs should be capitalized. Do not capitalized prepositions or conjunctions.

Movies

For compound antecedents joined by ____ , the pronoun agrees with the nearer or nearest antecedent

Or

Every ONE of the administratiors speak/ speaks highly of Mell

Speaks

Prepositional phrases

Start with a preposition and end with an object of the preposition Ex: The dog is hiding UNDER THE BED

What is the general noun in the sentence: She reigned the kingdom with strength and peace.

Strength and peace are the general nouns

The team were playing a great game until the rain started. What is wrong?

Team is singular, so it should have a singular verb, it should be the team was

She went to the store to buy a copy of the book the comfort garden. What is wrong?

The Comfort Garden should be capitalized

Parts of Speech

The building blocks of sentences, paragraphs, and entire texts

Error? I was full after eating a big breakfast, so I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.

The coordinating conjunction so does not make sense in this compound sentence. Instead use yet or but. OR rewrite it: Even though I was full after eating a big breakfast, I ate a huge midmorning snack and a gigantic lunch.

Fragment phrase example, fix it: The girl in my class who asks a lot of questions

The girl in my class who asks a lot of questions sits in the back row

Commas separate: items in a series

The list of groceries included CREAM, BUTTER, TEA, AND EGGS

Error? Only one among the school's 450 students were invited to enter the city's annual spelling bee.

The plural helping verb were does not agree with its singular subject, one. Were should be changed to was.

Which word or words in this sentence form a direct object? I quickly read the third chapter.

The third chapter or chapter

What would "he/ she/ it gives" be in plural form?

They give

___________ the best friends to have. Their There They're They is

They're

What is the possessive noun in the sentence: Tom's notebook is on the dining room table.

Tom's is the possessive noun

Holidays should be capitalized (T/F)

True

The girls walk/ walks their dogs

Walk

Gerund

When the present participle acts as a noun; a verb ending in "ing" that serves as a noun

Is the following an adjective or adverb: This is a SLOW car.

adjective

Common Linking Verbs

appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn, be

Whats the preposition: The earth rotates around the sun.

around

What is the pronoun and is it nom. or obj.: Shay caught the ball

ball; objective

What is the singular possessive form of class and walrus?

class's and walrus's

The three moods for verbs are

imperative, indicative, and subjunctive

A prepositional phrase must have a _____ and _____

object of preposition and preposition

What is the adverb in this sentence: He walks quickly through the crowd.

quickly

What is the definite article?

the; limited or fixed amount Ex: I lost THE bottle that belongs to me.

Adverbs describe ______ while adjectives describe ______

verbs; nouns and pronouns

Common Noun

A general name for a person, place, or thing; not capitalized; class or group of people, places, and things Ex: boy, dog, car, home, bank, puppy, flu, worker, son, mom, worker, girl, manager, chalk, mother, sister, woman, school, library, chair, etc.

Clause

A group of words that contains a subject and predicate and functions as part of a compound or complex sentence

Complex Sentence

A sentence made up of one independent (main) clause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clauses

Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question Ex: How are you doing this afternoon?

Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark Ex: Do you want to go to the movies?

My uncles, who used to work in the limestone quarry, ____ now started their own business. A. have B. has C. is D. was

A. have

Fix this parallelism error: Amanda could program computers, repair cars, and knew how to bake cakes.

Amanda could program computers, repair cars, and bake cakes.

He had to choose _________ 6 ties for the interview. between from before among

Among

Comparative Adjective

An adjective that compares two nouns or pronouns Ex: taller, happier, or "more delicious"

Infinitive

An unconjugated verb; to + verb Ex: to break; to be; to sing

Antecedents joined by _____ typically require a plural pronoun

And

When a relative pronoun ( who, whom, which, that) is used as the subject of the clause, the verb will agree with the ______ of the relative pronoun

Antecedent

What is the proper noun in the sentence: Aunt Jackie is my favorite aunt.

Aunt Jackie is the proper noun

He _______ this shop since I was five years old. A. will have B. will be having C. has had D. is having

C. has had

Words that begin sentences should be _____

Capitalized Ex: The dog likes to run

What is wrong? We will be opening presents on christmas day.

Christmas should be capital

The football game ended in a tie, the underdog caught up in the forth quarter; this is a _____ ____

Comma splice

The new library WITH ITS MANY BOOKS AND ROOMS fills a long felt need

Cross out all bolded in order to help conjugate verbs easier

What is the DO and IDO in this sentence: My friends brought me a package of apples from their trip to France.

DO: Package IDO: Me

What is the DO and IDO in this sentence: Alex GAVE his brother the ball.

DO: the ball IDO: his brother

Fix this sentence: Debbie was speaking with her colleague when her boss will appear, demanding a meeting

Debbie was speaking with her colleague when her boss appeared, demanding a meeting

Use a period for _____ and ____ sentences

Declarative and imperative

Because the dog ate her homework is a _____ clause

Dependent

Simple Verbs

Describe something that happened once or general truths Ex: I GAVE her a gift yesterday. (past) I GIVE her a gift everyday. (present) I WILL GIVE her a gift tomorrow. (future)

Intransitive Verb

Do not point to a receiver of an action; action verb doesn't point to subject or object; verb that does not have a direct object; the person or thing that receives the DO is the IDO Ex: She JUMPED over the fence. He PLAYS. Jon WRITES well.

Quotation marks

Enclose titles of short literary works such as short stories or poems; they also enclose direct quotations within the text of a document where the quotation is integrated into the text; writes use quotation marks to set off dialogue

Trick: use -_____ ending when comparing two things and -_____ for three or more.

Er; est

Commas set off: nonessential information and appositives

Estelle, OUR NEWLY ELECTED GOVERNOR, will be in attendance

Whats the adverbial phrase: He goes camping every summer. They are going to sleep earlier than usual.

Every summer and earlier than usual

Use ! for ____ sentences

Exclamatory

Verbs

Express action (run, jump, play) or state of being (is, seems)

Commas separate: introductory words and phrases from the rest of the sentence

FOR EXAMPLE, we have ten students who demand a change

Point of Views

First person: the speaker (I, we) Second person: the person being addressed (you) Third person: is outside the conversation (they, them)

Word usage example

For example: Jane was just thinking of John, not Tim, when she ran into him. (It is not clear who she ran into.) This is better: Jane had been thinking of John when she ran into Tim.

Proper adjective

Formed from a proper noun and begins with a capital letter Ex: African American (African is the proper adjective that modifies the proper noun) and Belgian Waffle

What's the error: I love French Fries, Belgian waffles, and Italian pasta.

Fries should be lower case because it's a common noun, even with the proper adjective French

Some pronouns also require ____ agreement along with number agreement

Gender

Commas separate: two independent clauses along with a coordinating conjunction

George order the steak, BUT Bruce preferred the ham

Adverbial clauses

Has a subject, verb, and subordinating conjunction

What is the IC and DC: Jamie agreed to pick up her sister from school provided that her sister give her gas money

IC: Jamie agreed to pick up her sister from school DC: her sister give her gas money

Clauses can be ___ able to stand alone or ___, unable to stand alone

Independent; dependent

Possessive Pronoun

Indicate possession Ex: The apartment is HERS, but the furniture is MINE. - my, mine, your, their, or our

What mood is these two sentences: Are they playing the guitar? and They are playing the guitar.

Indicative mood

Use a question mark for _____ sentences

Interrogative

EACH of the many cars is/ are on the grass

Is

Subordinating conjunction

Joins a subordinate clause (dep.) to a main clause (ind.) to make a complex sentence Ex: after, because, unless, until, when, in order, where, whenever, although, since, before

Comparative or superlative adjective: The bed in the guest room is the most comfortable bed I have ever slept in

Most comfortable; superlative

Subject verb agreement example

My parents or my brother is going to pick me up from the airport

What is the reflective pronoun in this sentence: I made the dessert myself.

Myself is the reflexive pronoun

Is dad supposed to be capital here? My dad is my best friend.

No because its not a name; my dad" is the same as saying, "my ball, my dog, my pencil," none of which need capital letters

Is this a complete sentence: Since she went to the store.

No it is a DC and it needs an IC to be complete

Noncountable V.S. Countable Noun

Non-countable: money and water Countable: dollars and cubes Can have cross over, for example a chair is a common noun and a countable noun

What is the interjection: Ouch! He stepped on my toe.

Ouch!

Which one of these words is NOT an interjection? hey, wow, oh, painful, hooray, ouch

Painful, it's an adjective

Identify the euphemism in the following passage: I learned today, with great sadness, that the elderly patient passed away last evening. He was a pleasant, amiable gentleman and will truly be missed by everyone at the hospital.

Passed away

Apostrophes may show _____ such as the BOY'S watch

Possesion

A _____ is just the verb, plus the other words that go with the verb

Predicate

Is this sentence: I have walked to the store three times today. - perfect - present perfect - past perfect - future perfect

Present perfect

Demonstrative Pronoun

Pronoun that points out a person, place, thing, or idea; specific things Ex: this, that, these, those

Reciprocal Pronouns

Pronouns that show a mutual action; two things at once Ex: each other, one another - Each other: used when the antecedent is two things - One another: used when the antecedent is three or more things

All sentences and ______ nouns (the name of a person, place, or thing) begin with a capital letter

Proper

Identify the participles in these sentences: Seated patiently, Ron listened to his friend's boring story. Maya petted the sleeping cat.

Seated and Sleeping

What is wrong: The Senators from Virginia and Lousiana strongly favor the bill

Senators should not be capital

What is the indefinite pronoun in this sentence: Several came to the party to see both.

Several and both are the indefinite pronouns

What pronoun best completes the sentence: _________ baked the cookies herself and ate most of them.

She

Correlative Conjunctions

Show connection between pairs; in pairs Ex: either or, neither nor, not only but also

Commas

Show pause in text or set information apart from the main text

What type of sentence is this: The cat ran under the porch

Simple

What type of sentence is this: The turtle swam around the pond

Simple

Single subjects agree with _____ verbs

Single

Active Voice

The subject of the sentence performs the action or receives the action Ex: Jon drew the picture. (Jon, the subject is doing the action of drawing a picture)

Both students finished _____ assignments

Their

The children and their dogs enjoyed _____ day at the beach

Their

The grandchildren and their cousins enjoyed _____ day at the park

Their

Alyssa and Jackie brought ____ a big lunch today

Themselves

Error? Alexander Hamilton, whose portrait is on the twenty-dollar bill, was one of our nation's "Founding Fathers"?

This is a statement (or declarative sentence), so it should end with a period, not a question mark

Indicative Mood

Used for facts, opinions, and questions Ex: You can do this. I think that you can do this. Do you know that you can do this?

Quotation Marks

Used to indicate the beginning or end of a quotation (Ex: "Where are my glasses?" Grandma asked.)

Participles

Verb form lacking number and person; verbal that ends with -ing or -ed and serves as an adjective; used in verb conjugation to indicate the state of an action Ex: she is going; we had waited

All single indefinite pronouns agree with single ____

Verbs

Veronica attended cooking classes, and she ____ to yoga classes too

Went; Attended and went are both past tense

What is the verb and predicate in the sentence: Harry wrote the letter neatly.

Wrote is the verb and wrote the letter neatly is the predicate

What is the interjection: "Come here! Look! Our team won the Super Bowl! Yay!"

Yay! because it is an expression of emotion

Is this a complex sentence: While I don't want to miss my bus, I can stay a few minutes longer.

Yes

Is dad supposed to be capital here? I told Dad to come with us.

Yes because dad is used as a name

What are some prepositions?

about, before, during, on, at, up, under, after, for, beneath, over, until, against, between, within, toward, without, down, at, by, to, through, with, beyond, and of

What is the adverb in this sentence: She almost tripped over my dog.

almost

What is the plural possessive form of class and walrus?

classes' and walruses'

3 types of conjunctions?

coordinating, correlative, subordinating

Which verb phrase correctly completes the following sentence: By this time tomorrow, we _______ in New York.

will have landed

What are the 8 parts of speech?

1. Noun 2. Pronoun 3. Verb 4. Adverb 5. Adjective 6. Preposition 7. Conjunction 8. Interjection

Compound-complex sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC

2 or more IC 1 or more DC

He decided to drive instead of taking the train __ he didn't think the train would arrive in time

:

Intensive/ Reflexive Pronouns

A pronoun that emphasizes or reflects back to a noun or another pronoun; a pronoun ending in -self or -selves (myself and themselves) Ex: I myself, him himself, her herself, it itself, our ourselves, you yourself, they themselves

Relative Pronouns

A pronoun that marks a relative clause Ex: who, whose, whom, which, that

Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible. B. Both the student and the teacher knew the student had the correct answer. C. My mom and sister took my sister's car to the airport. D. The nurse told the patient that the patient's blood pressure was too high.

A. Karen told Samantha that she needs to go to the doctor as soon as possible. - Who needs to go to the doctor: Karen or Samantha? Since it is unclear which person the pronoun she is referring to, this sentence is grammatically incorrect.

Past Tense Verb

A verb that tells that something has already happened; Many are formed by adding -ed Ex: was, climbed, or spoke

Future Tense Verbs

A verb used to express action that will take place in the future Ex: will be, will climb, or will speak

Adverb

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb; usually answers why? when? where? how? to what extent?

Conjunction

A word used to join words or groups of words

Proper Noun

A SPECIFIC person, place, thing, or idea; always capitalized Ex: George Washington, Mark Walburg, New York, Los Angeles, Grand Canyon, Earth, Lincoln memorial, Tuesday, President Trump, Paris, Africa, Julie

Independent clause

A clause that can stand alone as a sentence; has a verb and subject

Irregular Verbs

A noun that forms its plural by changing the spelling of the word Ex: Present Past Past Participle am was been do did done grow grew grown run ran run begin began begun

Noun

A person, place, thing, or idea; most often fill subject or object in a sentence

Adverbial phrase

A phrase that functions as an adverb; answers when something happens

Adverb Phrase

A phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb

Interrogative Pronoun

A pronoun that asks a question Ex: what, which, who, whom, whose; the "wh" words

Indefinite Pronoun

A pronoun that does not refer to a specific, person, place, thing, or idea; unknown amount; replace nouns to avoid unnecessary repetition Ex: everyone, everything, everybody, anybody, many, most, few, each, some, someone, all, nothing, nobody, and no one, several, neither, either

Error? I can get eight hours of sleep tonight, I don't think I will be able to get up early enough to drive to the city in time for the meeting.

Alternatively, "I can" might be changed to "If I don't" or "If I cannot." or needs a subordinating conjunction "unless" at the beginning of the clause.

Which word in the following sentence is an adverb? My dear mother always reminds me to take a jacket.

Always - The word "always" is an adverb modifying the verb "reminds."

Which words in the following sentence form an adverb phrase? While I was running around Green Lake, I saw Gary Grenell, a local photographer.

Around Green Lake

Fragment DC example, fix it: Because of the big storm we had last weekend

Because of the big storm we had last weekend, the park will be closed

Verbal phrases

Begin with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentence; phrases can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb Noun: TO VISIT EUROPE has always been her dream Adjective: ENJOYING THE STARS THAT FILLED THE SKY, Dave lingered outside for quite a while

Identify the complete sentence. A. Walking home from the store. B. While all of the patients were waiting in the waiting room. C. Go to the doctor. D. During my long, relaxing vacation.

C. Go to the doctor.

Although Josh is a good football player, he can become much better if he practices more often. Rewrite, beginning with: Josh is a good football player, The next words will be: A. so he can become much better B. even though he can become much better C. but he can become much better D. however he can become much better.

C. but he can become much better

Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence: There were a significant ______ of applicants to the nursing program this year A. stacks B. aggregate C. number D. amount

C. number - "Number" is used when referring to things that can be individually counted.

She uses the ______ beads to make these beautiful bracelets. A. most tiny B. more tiny C. tiniest D. tinier

C. tiniest

What is the proper noun in the sentence: Alex is a wonderful player.

Alex is the proper noun

Subordinating conjunctions for: cause and comparison

Cause: because Comparison: as, than

Verb phrase

Composed of a main verb along with its helping verbs Ex: The chef WANTED TO COOK a different dish

What type of sentence is this: Alligators generally lie still, but they can move with lightning speed

Compound

What type of sentence is this: The cat ran under the porch, and the dog ran after him

Compound

What type of sentence is this: The cat, who is scared of the dog, ran under the porch, and the dog ran after him

Compound complex

What are the adjectives in the following sentences: I think that pizza smells delicious. The beautiful blue jade necklace belongs to Jade.

Delicious and beautiful, blue, jade

Perfect Continuous Verbs

Describe actions that started in the past and are continuing Ex: Her friends HAD BEEN GIVING her gifts all night when I arrived. (past) I HAVE BEEN GIVING her gifts every year for nine years. (present) I WILL HAVE BEEN GIVING her gifts on holidays for ten years next year. (future)

Perfect Verbs

Describe repeated actions or actions that started in the past and have been completed Ex: I HAD GIVEN her a gift before you got there. (past) I HAVE GIVEN her a gift already. (present) I WILL HAVE GIVEN her a gift by midnight. (future)

What is the common noun in the sentence: Dinner was ready at 6pm.

Dinner is the common noun

Dangling modifier example

Discussing the state of the nation, I listened to the president's speech The participial phrase "discussing the state of the nation" is disconnected from the word it modifies which is "president" Fixed: I listened to the president's speech discussing the state of the nation

Dependent clause

Does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence; has verb and subject but doesn't show complete thought

What is wrong: ducks flying in a V-formation cross the Midwest in the fall

Ducks should be capital because it is the first word of the sentence

Subjunctive Mood

For wishes and statements that go against facts Ex: I wish that I were going to the show. If I were you, I would do this. (goes against fact, you can't be them and have the chance to do it)

What is the proper noun in the sentence: He has a house across the Georges River.

Georges River is the proper noun

The child has always been afraid of __________ to the dentist. to go going have gone go

Going

What word is best to substitute for the underlined words in the following sentence? THE MAN sat in the car waiting for the traffic light to turn green.

He

He liked to cook and baking was his speciality; fix this

He liked to cook, and baking was his speciality; add a comma

What is used to conjugate verbs?

Helping verbs Ex: to be, to have, to do

Helping Verbs List Song

Helping verbs, helping verbs, there are 23!! Am, is, are, was and were, being, been, and be, Have, has, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall and should. There are five more helping verbs: may, might, must, can, could!

I want ______ to win the trophy. she her hers herself

Her

The pronoun ___ should always be capitalized

I

Fix the run on: I bought a cream pie from the bakery it was delicious

I bought a cream pie from the bakery. It was delicious. OR I bought a cream pie from the bakery, and it was delicious. OR I bought a cream pie from the bakery; it was delicious.

Which words in the following sentence form the main clause (independent clause)? Although I like uncooked raisins, I do not like them in cookies, cinnamon rolls, or hot cereal.

I do not like them in cookies, cinnamon rolls, or hot cereal

Which word or phrase in the following sentence is the independent clause? Immediately after I wake up, I make a cup of coffee.

I make a cup of coffee

What is wrong? He and i have never understood one another

I should be capital

Commas set off: the day and month of a date within a text

I was born on February 16, 1968

What mood is these two sentences: Play the guitar! and Please play the guitar.

Imperative mood

It should be "I could have danced all night," not "I could of danced all night." because Its is the only possessive that doesn't have an apostrophe. It's, with the apostrophe, means ____ ____

It is

Fragment

Occurs when a group of words is not a complete sentence but is punctuated like one

Dangling modifier

Occurs when a modifying phrase is separated from the word describes

Comma splice

Occurs when two independent clauses are joined together in a paragraph with only a comma to splice them together

Fused or run-on sentence

Occurs when two independent clauses are joined with no punctuation whatsoever

Past and Present Participle

Past: usually formed by adding the sufix -ed to the verb stem Ex: type becomes typed; drop becomes dropped Present: formed by adding -ing to the verb stem Ex: typing and dropping

What is the gerund in this sentence: Running is my favorite form of exercise.

Running is a noun and acts as the subject of the sentence

Error? Lydia does not agree with this president's policies, so she could care less if his approval rating drops even lower in the polls.

The correct expression is "could not care less." "Could care less" is incorrect—it conveys the opposite meaning from the one intended.

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? My father, from who I have learned so much, has had an immense effect on my career as a nurse.

Since who is an object of the preposition (from), we must use whom

My sister and my best friend lives in Georgia. What is wrong?

Subject is plural and needs a plural verb (live)

What mood are these two sentences: I suggest that Lee play the guitar. and If I were Lee, I would play the guitar.

Subjunctive mood

Error? Katrina, the youngest of my four cats, are due for a check-up at the vet.

The plural verb are does not agree with its singular subject, Katrina. Are should be changed to is.

Where would you put the quotation marks: The poem opens with the line Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art.

The poem opens with the line "Bright star, would I were steadfast as thou art."

Error? Whenever I scratch my dog's belly, she grins over joy.

The preposition over is incorrectly used here; it should be replaced with with. Alternatively, the phrase "over joy" might be replaced with joyfully.

Past, present, and future example

The rule for this is: ring is what a bell does in the present tense, rang is in the past, and rung is in the past perfect, and must use has, had, or have

Error? "Wow;" she exclaimed. "This is one of the best days of my entire life!"

The semicolon following Wow is incorrect punctuation. This mark should be changed to a comma or an exclamation mark.

Error? The fact that movies and TV shows based on Jane Austen's completed novels ​has attracted millions of viewers would have astonished the author, who died 200 years ago.

The singular verb has attracted does not agree with its plural subject, movies. Has should be changed to have.

In this prepositional phrase identify the object of preposition and preposition: The shallows flew over the trees near the lake.

Two in this one: Prepositional phrase: over the trees Prep: over Obj of Prep: trees Prepositional phrase: near the lake Prep: near Obj of Prep: lake

In the following sentence, which verb has a direct object? Which one or two words comprise the direct object? Purring loudly, the mother cat grooms her kittens with her rough tongue.

Verb: grooms has a DO DO: kittens or her kittens The verb purring doesn't have a DO

What type of phrase is this: DODGING TRAFFIC, Rachel drove to work on back roads.

Verbal phrase, modifying the noun Rachel

Continuous Verbs

Verbs describe an ongoing action Ex: I WAS GIVING her a gift when you got here. (past) I AM GIVING her a gift; come in! (present) I WILL BE GIVING her a gift at dinner. (future)

Phrasal Verb

Verbs that are followed by words that look like prepositions but they are part of the verb Ex: call off; look up; drop offf

Action Verbs

Verbs that describe action; verb that shows what the subject is doing in the sentence; a sentence can be complete with an action verb Ex: He SINGS. Run! Go! She READS. I TALK with him everyday.

What word is the conjunction and what kind is it: He went home when I left.

When; subordinating

General Noun

Names of conditions or ideas; abstract Ex: beauty strength, peace, truth

What is the pronoun and is it nom. or obj.: Nathan drank water

Nathan; nom. because he formed the action on the water

The names of general locations like river and school are ____ _____

Not capitalized

Objective Pronouns

Noun having action or verb taken upon it

Nomative Pronoun

Noun performing action or verb

Appositive phrase

Noun phrase that renames the word or group of words right beside it; usually follow the noun they describe and are separated by commas Ex: My dad, A CLOCK MAKER, loved antiques

Possessive Noun

Noun that shows ownership or relationship Ex: dog's, man's, lion's, cat's, mom's, buses'

When indefinite pronouns are used, the pronoun must agree with the ____ of the indefinite pronoun

Number

verbs must agree in ____ with its subject

Number

Is the following an adjective or adverb: James is eating his lunch HUNGRILY.

Adverb

Is the following an adjective or adverb: My niece is playing QUIETLY.

Adverb

Is the following an adjective or adverb: Sterling played BRILLIANTLY today.

Adverb

Colon

(:) used following the salutation in a business letter or email (Dear Mr. Melton:); also used to introduce a list of items (Ex: Here is a list of healthy fruits: apples, oranges, strawberries, blueberries, and tangerines.)

When the players dropped their gloves ___ a fight broke out on the ice hockey rink floor

, comma

Verb of Being ("to be" verb)

A verb that describes a state of being rather than an action Ex: am, are, is, seems, or appears

Complex sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC

1 IC 1 or more DC

Simple sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC

1 IC 0 DC

Singular Objective Pronouns (object)

1st peron: me 2nd person: you 3rd person: him, her, and it

Singular Nominative Pronouns (subject)

1st person: I 2nd person: you 3rd person: he, she, and it

Singular Possessive Pronouns

1st person: my (posses nom.) and mine (posses obj.) 2nd person: your (posses nom.) and yours (posses obj.) 3rd person: his, her, its (posses nom.) and his hers and its (posses obj.)

Singular Reflexive Pronouns

1st person: myself 2nd person: yourself 3rd person: himself, herself, itself

Plural Possessive Pronouns

1st person: our (posses nom.) and ours (posses obj.) 2nd person: your (posses nom.) and yours (posses obj.) 3rd person: their (posses nom.) and theirs (posses obj.)

Plural Reflexive Pronouns

1st person: ourselves 2nd person: yourselves 3rd person: themselves

Plural Objective Pronouns

1st person: us 2nd person: you 3rd person: them

Plural Nominative Pronoun

1st person: we 2nd person: you 3rd person: they

Compound sentences have ____ IC and ____ DC

2 or more IC 0 DC

The buffet offer three choices__ ham, turkey, and beef

:

I need to buy a new car soon ___ my old car broke down last month

;

The guests at the party included Mrs. Green, my thirds grade teacher___ Mr. Dye, my neighbor__ and Dr. Kay, our principal.

;

Declarative Sentence

A sentence that makes a statement and ends with a period Ex: The dog chased the cat around the yard.

Imperative sentence

A sentence that requests or commands

Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. My sister and I talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. B. I and my sister talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. C. My sister and me talked to the nurse about our father's allergies. D. Me and my sister talked to the nurse about our father's allergies.

A. My sister and I talked to the nurse about our father's allergies.

Examples of prepositions

About, by, off, toward, under, on, onto, underneath, despite, among, around, down, during, at, before, except, up, outside, to, till, near, of, between, beyond, beside, through, into, from, past, with

Two Types of Verbs

Action verbs and linking verbs

Transitive verbs can be _____ or _____

Active voice or passive voice

Personal Pronouns

Acts as subjects or objects in a sentence Ex: SHE received a letter; I gave the letter to HER.

Is the following an adjective or adverb: Mark is really HUNGRY.

Adjective

Is the following an adjective or adverb: That music is NOISY.

Adjective

Irregular comparative adjectives

Adjective Comparative Much More Bad Worse Good Better Little Less Far Further/ farther

Irregular superlative adjectives

Adjective Superlative Much Most Bad Worst Good Best Little Least Far Furthest/ farthest

Superlative Adjective

Adjective used to compare three or more items Ex: This is the HOTTEST day of the year. Ex: She is the SMARTEST girl in the school.

Positive Adjective

Adjective used when no comparison being made; normal form of an adj. Ex: This is a HOT day

Absolute Adjective

Adjective with a meaning that is generally not capable of being intensified or compared Ex: "unique" because it is either unique or it is not unique; it can't be more unique than something else because unique means one of a kind

In the following sentence, identify one adverb and one adjective. Sleeping on the floor can be amazingly comfortable.

Adjective: comfortable Adverb: amazingly

Comparative Adjective

Adjectives used to compare two things; Usually using the suffix -er and the word 'than'. Ex: she is FASTER than me.

These are the students who is/ are receiving the awards

Are

Commands

Are actually complete sentences even though they look like they lack a subject; the subject is assumed to be you Ex: Try it. -----> (You) try it.

Similarly, pronouns must agree with their ______ (the words they replace) in number

Antecedents

An ____ used to show possession is always directly after the person/s or animal/s that actually possess/es the thing: If the bone belongs to one dog, it is "the dog's bone," but if it belongs to two or more dogs, it is "the dogs' bone."

Apostrophe

My favorites is/ are apples and pears

Are

Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. I work at the hospital, but my boyfriend works at the clinic. B. I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic. C. I work at the hospital - my boyfriend works at the clinic. D. I work at the hospital; my boyfriend works at the clinic.

B. I work at the hospital but my boyfriend works at the clinic.

Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Having graded them last night, the students were handed back the exams by the teacher. B. The teacher handed back the exams she had graded last night to the students. C. The teacher handed back the exams to the students last night that she had graded. D. The teacher handed back the exams to the students that she had graded last night.

B. The teacher handed back the exams she had graded last night to the students.

It is believed that meerkats are immune to certain types of venom, such as the venom of scorpions. Rewrite, beginning with: Scorpion venom is one of the The next words will be: A. types of meerkat B. types of venom that C. immunities that meerkats have D. most deadly types of venom

B. types of venom that

What word is the conjunction and what kind is it: The rock was small, but it was heavy.

BUT; coordinating

Apostrophes are not used just to form a plural! "I love my baby's" is just not right. It should be _____

Babies

She chose ___________ blue and purple for her nail color. among through between of

Between

What is the adverb: He carelessly sped around the flashing yellow light

Carelessly

Nominative Case of the Noun/Pronoun

Case for noun and pronouns that are the subject of a sentence

Possessive Case of the Noun/Pronoun

Case for noun and pronouns that shows possession or ownership

Objective Case of the Noun/Pronoun

Case for nouns and pronouns that that are an object in a sentence; that can be a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition

When collective nouns function as the antecedent, the pronoun choice will be singular or plural depending on the function of the ______

Collective Ex: Our FAMILY are spending THEIR vacations in Georgia, Maine and Rome.

What is the collective noun in the sentence: There was a colony of seagulls at the beach.

Colony is the collective noun

Semicolons can also be used to join items in a list when those items already include a ______

Comma

What is wrong with this sentence: Ice cream is my favorite food, it is so cold and creamy.

Comma should be a semicolon

______ used in a series of words typically include one before the word and in academic writing: I had apples, peaches, and pears for lunch

Commas

Two types of nouns

Common and Proper

What type of sentence is this: Mice are most likely to come out at night after other animals have gone to sleep

Complex

What type of sentence is this: The cat, who is scared of the dog, ran under the porch

Complex

Noun phrase

Consists of a noun and its modifiers Ex: THE BIG, RED BARN rests beside THE VACANT CHICKEN HOUSE

In the sentence I like baked potatoes, but I love French fries, is the word but a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction?

Coordinating because it connects two short but complete sentences (FANBOYS)

Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. We are going to the __________ house for dinner Saturday night. A. Smiths B. Smith's C. Smiths's D. Smiths'

D. Smiths'

Which of the following sentences contains a predicate nominative? A. The boy ran to the mailbox. B. Nurses use math every day in their profession. C. The class is nervous about the upcoming test. D. We are students at the local university.

D. We are students at the local university. - We are students at the local university contains the predicate nominative students because it is restating what the subject (we) is. Notice that it follows a linking verb (are).

Your recipe could use _____ ingredients and _____ salt. A. fewer, fewer B. less, fewer C. less, less D. fewer, less

D. fewer, less

My new earrings, _____ are golden, are in a small box _____ Sylvia gave me. A. that, that B. that, which C. which, which D. which, that

D. which, that

What word is the conjunction and what kind is it: Either you are coming or you are staying.

Either... or; correlative.

What are the 7 coordinating conjunctions?

FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so); connect equal parts of sentences

The mall is closing early today so we'll have to go shopping tomorrow; this is a _____ _____

Fused or run on sentence

Is this sentence: When she comes for the food, I will have walked to the store. - perfect - present perfect - past perfect - future perfect

Future perfect

The student felt that the final exam was _________ than the mid term. hardest most hardest harder more hard

Harder

In the sentence I threw the ball to Pablo, which pronoun could you substitute for Pablo's name?

Him

Every boy and girl must learn to behave _____ in schiol

Himself or herself

Either my brother or my dad will bring ____ van to pick us up

His

Each and every man, woman, and child brings unique qualities to _____ family

His or her

Every creative writer, technical writer, and research writer is attending _____ assigned lecture

His or her

Every student should check ____ homework before turning it in

His or her

Neither student finished ____ or ____ assignment

His or her

What is the common noun in the sentence: He has a house across the river.

House and river are the common nouns

What is the proper noun in the sentence: He is a fan of Hugh Jackman and the movie Wolverine.

Hugh Jackman and Wolverine are the proper nouns

What's the error in this sentence: Not every nation has a President as its leader; some have prime ministers, some have kings or queens, and others have military dictators.

In his sentence president is a common noun so it should be lower case Ex: Did you see President Obama at the rally? Me and my sister are going to see the president tomorrow.

My favorite is/ are apples and bananas

Is

NEITHER of the students is/ are happy about the play

Is

The medicine that is responsible for curing a host of deadly diseases ___________ in dangerously low supply.

Is

This is the student who is/ are receiving an award

Is

What is the linking verb in this sentence: He is the best player on the team.

Is

The university is having ____ tenth fundraiser today

Its

Either the resident mice or the mangers car gets _____ a meal of good leftovers

Itself

Which is the correct pronoun use: Jamie called Butch and I to dinner. Jamie called Butch and me to dinner.

Jamie called Butch and me to dinner. - The word me is used for objects and I is used for subjects in a sentence. - An easier way to determine me versus I is to take the other person out of the sentence and see which sounds right. - "Jamie called I to dinner" just doesn't cut it. It would be "Jamie and I went to dinner" because "Me went to dinner" is just wrong.

Colon is used to introduce a _____

List, definiton, or clarification

What is the common noun in the sentence: They talk about movies and celebrities.

Movies and celebrities are the common nouns

Fix this comma splice: My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving, we eat ham at Christmas

My family eats turkey at Thanksgiving, and we eat ham at Christmas. OR my family eats turkey at Thanksgiving. We eat ham at Christmas. OR my family eats turkey at Thanksgiving; we eat ham at Christmas

Collective Noun

Name for person, place, or thing that is considered as a unit or may act as a whole Ex: class, dozen, herd, team, public, crowd, company, flock, pack, staff, jury

Specific nouns

Name people, places, and things that are understood by using your senses; concrete Ex: baby, friend, town, father, park, city hall, apple, gasoline

Neither of the students refuse to take the exam. What is wrong?

Neither is a singular pronoun so it should be neither refuses

Which two words in the following sentence are prepositions: My cat usually sleeps on the bed with me.

On and with

Is this sentence in active or passive voice: The house was painted by Anna.

Passive voice

Is this sentence: Before I walked to the store, I had walked to the school. - perfect - present perfect - past perfect

Past perfect

Parallelism

Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other

What is the common noun in the sentence: Alex is a wonderful player.

Player is the common noun

What is the action verb in this sentence: My brother plays tennis.

Plays

Compound subjects usually go with _____ verbs

Plural

Richard Attwell, the governor of Virginia, will be hosting a dinner to honor president Green. What is wrong?

President should be capital

____ nouns should be capital including names of people and specific places, should be capitalized

Proper

Oak trees - with proper care - can grow upwards of thirty feet; providing shade for people, shelter for animals, and perches for birds. How should this be fixed?

Providing shade is not an independent clause, so it cannot be proceeded by a semicolon

To fix a comma splice or a run on add the correct ____ and or conjunction

Punctuation

Subordinating conjunctions for: purpose and condition

Purpose: in order that, that, so that Condition: though, although, as long as, even if, even though, if, provided that, unless, while

Quotation marks: Generally, all other forms of punctuation are written inside the ______. Jean said, "I am the oldest person here." And "Hi!" said Tom.

Quotes

Pronoun Example: Jasmine loves movies. ___ sees movies all the time because ___ has a movie pass.

Replace Jasmine with "she"

What is wrong: Rob and Kelly raced across the River in their small boats

River should not be capital, its a common noun

___________ went to the movies last weekend. She and I She and me Her and I Her and me

She and I

Commas set off: the names of cities from their states, territories, or provinces

She lives in Houston, Texas

Commas separate: coordinate adjectives

She made herself a big bowl of COLD, DELICIOUS ice cream

What type of sentence is this: Squirrels, to prepare for winter, gather and hide seeds and nuts underground

Simple; with a verb and prepositional phrase

They have lived in an apartment __________ they arrived in Chicago. for from since during

Since

Linking verbs agree with the ____ and not the subject compliment

Subject

When each and every precede the antecedent, the pronoun agreement will be ____

Singular

If the two nouns refer to the same person, a ______ pronoun is used

Singular Ex: my best friends and confidant still lives in HER log cabin

Examples of singular and plural nouns

Singular --> Plural book books house houses foot feet leaf leaves woman women

Phrase

Small group of words that stand together as a unit and suggest a certain image or idea; lacks a subject or a predicate Ex: bicycling down a shady country road or my oldest cat

To make conjugating verbs easier, cross out words that appears between the ____ and _____

Subject and verb

Shelly achieved more at nursing school because she was going to bed earlier, eating healthy food, and _____ home to study more (stay)

Staying

Error? I ate so much food on Thanksgiving that my stomach was literally bursting at the seams

Stomachs do not have seams like clothing or cloth toys, this is an impossible scenario. Deleting the word literally would make it clear that the writer is using the term "bursting at the seams" figuratively.

Identify the sub, verb, and sub conj in this adverbial clause: Sit at the table until your food is eaten.

Sub: food Verb: eaten Sub conj: until

Although November is usually my favorite month of the year, this year it rained too much for me. Is the word although a coordinating conjunction or a subordinating conjunction?

Subordinating because it connects a subordinate clause (although nov is usually my favorite month of the year) to the sentences main clause (this year it rained too much for me)

What is the conjunction this: We chose that restaurant because Jan loves pizza

Subordinating; because

Passive Voice

The subject of the sentence receives the action Ex: The picture is drawn by Jon (the subject, picture, is receiving the action from Jon)

Error? First we will fly to Copenhagen, a port city in Denmark and then we will board a ship and sail to several different Baltic nations.

This compound sentence needs a comma inserted after Denmark and before the conjunction and

Error? My grandma says that "when she was in high school, she and her classmates ​handwrote or typed their essays—desktop computers were not common until the late 1980s."

This is not a direct quotation, so the quotation marks should be deleted from this sentence. (The speaker is paraphrasing his or her grandmother.)

Error? On the test people who don't carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes.

This sentence is unclear. The phrase "on the test" is meant to modify the noun mistakes, so the phrase should be moved to follow this noun: People who don't carefully read and follow directions are likely to make mistakes on the test.

What is the prepositional phrase: Tanner and Carol must drive through the tunnel, but Carol is clasutphopbic.

Through the tunnel

Subordinating conjunctions for: time and manner

Time: after, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while Manner: as, as if, as though

______ should be capitalized when used as a part of a person's name, but not when they stand alone

Titles

I am going ______________ my workout now. to doing doing to do be doing

To do

Imperative Mood

Used for commands, orders, or requests Ex: Will you do this for me? You are going to do this!

Transitive Verb

Verb whose action points to a receiver; verb that has a direct object, which receives the action of the verb Ex: Alex GAVE his brother the ball. He PLAYS the piano. The piano was PLAYED by him.

What is the subject and verb in this sentence: My friends brought me a package of apples from their trip to France.

Verb: brought Subject: friends

Linking Verb

Verbs that describe being; links the subject to the rest of the sentence; intransitive verbs that show a condition (subject is described by does no action) Ex: The girls APPEARED to be genuine. I AM a doctor. Pollution from cars has BECOME a major problem. I FEEL awful about forgetting her present. I AM Jon. I SMELL roses.

The girl walks/ walk her dog

Walks

Commas set up: numbers in a text of more than four digits

We expect 25,000 visitors today

What would "I give" be in plural form?

We give

What is the conjunction this: Anne and Parker drank their coffee while they read the paper

While; subordinating

Interjection

Word for an exclamation. that is used alone or as a piece to a sentence Ex: ouch! wow! please! hey! oh,...

Prepositon

Word placed before a noun or pronoun that shows the relationship between an object and another word in the sentence Ex: AFTER the party or UNDER the cushions

Adjectives

Word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun Ex: happy, sad, pretty, sparkly, navy

Verb

Words that show action or a state of being; one of these is required in a sentence, without a verb you have no sentence; shows the subject's movement or the movement that has been done to the subject Ex: run, dance, jump, play, go, slide, swim, jog (action) or is, seems, feel, am, become, appeared (being)

Comparative or superlative adjective: The weather is worse than yesterday

Worse; comparative

Are the words is, am, and are verbs? Why or why not?

Yes, they are "verbs of being"; forms of the verb to be; not all verbs show action

Do you capitalize mr and dr?

Yes; titles of people (Mr., Dr., etc.)

What would "you give" be in plural form?

You (all) give

You can park your car in the garage, the carport, or on the street; fix the parallelism!

You can park your car in the garage, in the carport, or on the street

What are the indefinite articles?

a and an; no limit or fixed amount Ex: Does anyone have A bottle of wine?

Whats the preposition: The needle is beneath the hay.

beneath

Independent or dependent: When liz went to the studio to sing.

dependent

What is the adverb in this sentence: She went outside and ran.

outside

What is the subordinating conjunction: Jamie agreed to pick up her sister from school provided that her sister give her gas money

provided that