GRE 1

pretax

A person's salary before state and federal income taxes are calculated. پول درآمد هرکی یا شرکتی قبل مالیات

villain

A villain is a bad person — real or made up. In books, movies, current events, or history, the villain is the character who does mean, evil things on purpose. Today a villain is a wicked person, whether in fact or fiction. In the 1300s, villain described a low-born rustic. It came from the Medieval Latin word villanus, or farmhand. Just why a word would evolve from meaning farmer into evildoer is a little mysterious, although it probably has to do with farmers not being chivalrous, like the knights who were so admired in those days. a wicked or evil person; someone who does evil deliberately synonyms: scoundrel شرور

saturnine

Medieval alchemists ascribed to the planet Saturn a gloomy and slow character. When people are called saturnine, it means they are like the planet — gloomy, mean, scowling. Not exactly the life of the party. Saturnine is a word you don't hear often nowadays, though you probably know people with saturnine dispositions. The ultimate saturnine character in literature is Heathcliff — and for clarification's sake, that would be the brooding, bitter, brooding, obsessive hero of Wuthering Heights, not the lovably pudgy cat of comic-strip fame. itter or scornful ""the face was saturnine and swarthy, and the sensual lips...twisted with disdain"- Oscar Wilde" She was sometimes chagrined to be best known for some of her portraits, notably a saturnine André Malraux, self-styled Byronic man of action, and France's first culture minister. It is run by a strange taxidermy enthusiast, Norman Bates, played by a saturnine Anthony Perkins. The national temperament, at least as Mr. Kaurismaki sketches it, is decidedly saturnine. Her saturnine look in the movie mirrors that in several collections on the fall runways. عبوس

sowing

Planting seeds کاشتن

fervor

Use fervor to describe the intensity of emotion or expression. Fans of the Los Angeles Dodgers show so much fervor that they "bleed Dodger blue." This noun comes to us from Latin ,fervor meaning "to boil, glow." In the English word fervor, the suffix -or means "a condition or property of something." There is another -or suffix that means "a person or thing that does the thing expressed by the verb." A corresponding adjective is fervent; synonyms of the noun and adjective are ardor and ardent. noun feelings of great warmth and intensity synonyms: ardor, ardor, fervency, fervidness, fervor, fire see more noun the state of being emotionally aroused and worked up synonyms: excitation, excitement, fervor, inflammation His hammer is clenched in his hand like a weapon, his hard-angled face lit with tightly controlled fervor. She leaned up and kissed Rishi, her tongue falling against his with a fervor that surprised her. But my arms and legs buzz with the fervor of the day, and I can't sleep. This fervor was also brought about by the many labor strikes that were taking place throughout the nation. التهاب، حرارت شدید

Byzantine

excessively complex complicated and difficult to understand پیچیده

lascivious

filled with or showing sexual desire : LEWD, LUSTFUL شهوت انگیز شهوانی

curbside

the side of a sidewalk that is bordered by a curb policemen stood at intervals along the curbside" Type of: pavement, paving حاشیه

staple

A basic food that is used frequently and in large amounts Bread. Milk. Gasoline. Xboxes. What do these all have in common? They're all a staple of most people's consumption — basic products for which there will always be a demand. Staple also has the broader more abstract sense of being anything that's popular or necessary. A staple of the political scene is partisan bickering; a staple of Broadway theater is the musical revival. And let's not forget another meaning — those handy little metal clasps that hold things together. Though most people wouldn't consider a staple a staple. material suitable for manufacture or use or finishing synonyms: raw material In many areas, they relied on just a single staple, such as wheat, potatoes or rice. Still another development in eastern and northern Australia was the harvesting of seeds of a wild millet, belonging to the same genus as the broomcorn millet that was a staple of early Chinese agriculture. Then he'd staple them together and drop them off at random places throughout school. After all that designing, measuring, cutting, sewing, pinning, stapling, gluing, and Velcro-ing?

complaint

A complaint is an objection to something that is unfair, unacceptable, or otherwise not up to normal standards. If your neighbors have a complaint about noise, they want you to be more quiet. A complaint is voiced objection to something, like a complaint about cold or disgusting-tasting food in a restaurant. Complaint is also a legal term — the plaintiff's reasons for bringing a civil action. Medically speaking, a complaint is a disorder or disease that is hard to cure completely. Loud cries of pain, anger, or sadness can also be called complaints. In time, the French government, prompted by complaints from the United States, replaced Genêt with a new minister, who brought along orders for Genêt's arrest. My complaint made it through the review process at the Atlanta Police Department. Writing a letter of complaint about mournful music didn't seem like a good deed at all. Once in a while, his tenacity invited citizen complaints. دادخواهی

conspiracy

A conspiracy is a secret agreement between two or more people to commit an unlawful or harmful act. Conspiracy theorists are people who believe that the government is secretly controlled by power brokers in flagrant violation of the constitution. Conspiracy can also refer to the act of planning an unlawful or harmful act: Terrorists might be accused of organizing a conspiracy to overthrow the government. Conspiracy is ultimately from Latin cōnspīrāre "to agree or plot together, literally to breathe together." The corresponding English verb is conspire. a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot) synonyms: cabal Do you really believe there is a communist conspiracy?" asked the incredulous reporter. Internal affairs will always be stable when external affairs are stable, provided that they are not already disturbed by a conspiracy. "It is not a conspiracy on our part," a Chinese foreign ministry official said to me of China's global quest for oil. The government was charging all one hundred fifty-six of us with high treason and a countrywide conspiracy to use violence to overthrow the present government and replace it with a Communist state. توطئه

deposition

A deposition is a statement made in court. A deposition can be made outside of court, too — after a crime, a witness might give a deposition. Then that written or recorded deposition can be used as evidence in the courtroom. The word deposition is often used in a legal context, but a deposition can also be more like a deposit, as in the deposition of sediment on the bottom of a lake. And in the sense of deposing, a deposition can refer to getting rid of a person of authority. The deposition of a king is the same thing as dethronement. The deposition is a busy word, but it's most often used in court. the act of deposing someone; removing a powerful person from a position or office I didn't tell him about the rehearsal for the deposition. "This delayed carcass deposition," the memo emphasized, "is of concern and is cause for extraordinary actions regarding such affected carcasses." The shell may be broken, and even portions of it removed, and yet after a certain lapse of time the injured parts will be repaired by a deposition of shelly matter at the fractured parts. There were a few depositions but no judgment of relief.

deterred

A deterrent makes you not want to do something. Let's say there's a giant pile of cookies being guarded by an angry dog — the dog is a deterrent. People talk about deterrents most often when discussing crime. The death penalty is supposed to be a deterrent — the idea is that people will be so scared of the death penalty that they won't commit certain crimes. Jail is another deterrent. Teachers also use deterrents — the possibility of getting detention is a deterrent that should encourage students to behave. A deterrent is the opposite of a reward. A reward encourages you to do the right thing, while a deterrent discourages you from doing the wrong thing. He argued for a major military fundraising drive—the same argument rumbling on at the time of writing about whether Britain needs to renew its nuclear deterrent. There were other factors, to be sure—most notably the deterrent effect of Pakistan's own nuclear arsenal. Instinctively Matthias knew this was a good defense and a formidable deterrent. Assume for a moment that the death penalty Is a deterrent. باز داشتن

falsehoods

A falsehood is a lie. If your mom has an uncanny knack for knowing when you're telling a falsehood, it means she always knows when you're stretching the truth. The noun falsehood is a slightly fancy or old-fashioned way of saying "lie." It's hard to ever completely trust a friend again once he's told you a falsehood, although sometimes people tell small falsehoods simply to make others feel better. Telling your aunt her pink hair looks fine is a small falsehood, while lying about your grades on a college application is a pretty big falsehood. The Latin root is falsus, "deceived or erroneous." a false statement synonyms: falsity, untruth The police arrest you—or worse—just because of the color of your skin, I do not call that liberty and—" "Miss Carle—" "Ms. Wyman, I will not utter empty words, falsehoods, and lies." "And in many cases, that meant oversimplifying, omitting, and even outright falsehood. Now that you are here, there is no need for any of those things." It pains me to provide you with this intelligence, for truth should sit with comfort, falsehood with vexation; and yet, in such a case, verity—though discomfortable — is absolutely required. When she saw the falsehood there, she leaned upon the spear, twisting it. کذب

fiction

A fiction is a deliberately fabricated account of something. It can also be a literary work based on imagination rather than on fact, like a novel or short story. The Latin word fictus means "to form," which seems like a good source for the English word fiction, since fiction is formed in the imagination. Like its literary cousins fable, legend, and myth, however, fiction has a slightly darker additional meaning: a deliberate lie or untruth. When we talk about "the line between fact and fiction," we're talking about the difference between truth and lies. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact His creator, Edgar Allan Poe, is credited with starting the detective fiction genre in 1841. I checked and saw that @CARSAN2121 was from Madrid and loved the beach, crime fiction, and poetry. Time travel was science fiction in nineteen seventy-six. Matthias wasn't sure what might be fact or fiction, but it hardly mattered. افسانه دروغ گنده

lodge

A lodge is an inn where travelers stay overnight. If you're in need of a night's sleep while traveling an out of the way country road, you're more likely to find yourself at a lodge than a fancy or chain hotel. A lodge can also be a cabin in the woods; like an inn, it's usually a temporary accommodation. But if you join your local lodge, you'll be expected to be a regular visitor, at least at the monthly meetings. Lodge is also a verb, meaning to stay temporarily, or to give someone a place to stay. If you lodge a toothpick between your teeth, though, you'll probably hope it won't stay there too long. a small (rustic) house used as a temporary shelter Specifically, it allows hotel and lodging for essential reasons only, defined as supporting "critical infrastructure sectors," including workers in healthcare, food, agriculture, energy, utilities, transportation, communications, government operations, manufacturing, financial services and the entertainment industry. By contrast, 99 percent of Californians live in zones in which no indoor religious services are allowed, even when other activities, such as distributing food or providing lodging, are allowed in the same facilities. But judges around the country continued to express skepticism at claims lodged by Trump and his allies. Four of them are Turkish nationals accused of advertising the scheme and of facilitating the women's lodging and transportation. کلبه

longing

A longing is a strong feeling of need or desire for someone or something. If you're stuck in detention and all of your friends are outside enjoying a sunny day, you might be looking out the window with longing. A longing describes an unfulfilled desire. The days might feel long as long as you are longing to see someone you love, if that person is far away. You might be longing for your mother's home-made chicken soup, if you are sick and far from home. Or perhaps you are a pregnant woman, wide awake and longing for pickles and ice-cream at four in the morning. Let's hope there's a twenty-four hour deli open somewhere to help satisfy your longing. prolonged unfulfilled desire or need Synonyms:hungriness, yearning Its atmosphere of perfumed longing for a past that included Black servants working on white people's crumbling plantations made it singularly vulnerable, too. The album introduces the seven-member group to the world with lyrics expressing anticipation, longing and the desire to connect. Grace's friends greet Elena with a mix of jealousy and disgust over her youth, beauty and lack of wealth, but Grace's eyes hint at something else: intrigue, perhaps, or longing for her 20s. He writes that Republicans are better at fighting to win, and there is a wistfulness to his unstated longing for a similar sense of tribal loyalty on the left. اشتیاق

mob

A mob is a big, rowdy group of people. You might avoid shopping at the mall right before Christmas because you can't stand the mob of shoppers. A mob might gather around the piñata at a big birthday party or cluster in front of a music venue when tickets go on sale for a hugely popular concert. When people join one of these groups, you can also say that they mob, and "the mob" also sometimes refers to organized crime. You might describe the hundreds of people thronging the county fair on Friday night as a "mob scene." The Latin root, mobile vulgus, means "fickle common people." a disorderly crowd of people synonyms: rabble, rout Then the mob of cheering Romans carried him around the Pomerian Line, carefully avoiding Terminus's borders, and escorted him back home to Camp Jupiter. The pictures of the mob reminded me of news footage from some besieged African capital. This "harmless mob," Lee realizes, is his own Army of Northern Virginia. Why wasn't I joining the mob and hooting with the rest of them? انبوه مردم

narrative

A narrative is a story that you write or tell to someone, usually in great detail. A narrative can be a work of poetry or prose, or even song, theater, or dance. Often a narrative is meant to include the "whole story." A summary will give a few key details and then the narrative will delve into the details. "I hate to interrupt your narrative," is a polite way of stopping someone in the middle of a story. The origin of this noun is the Latin adjective narrativus, from narrare "to tell," from gnarus "knowing." It is related to our English verb know. message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program "his narrative was interesting" They bring us stories like Patrick the magician, engaging the top- down systems that want to find answers, complete tasks, follow narratives. "Cause my name's Jim Don," he replied, then continued his narrative. Poems of the period were either descriptions of objects, plants, weather conditions, geographical features or emotional states, or they followed a narrative. He, in turn, responded by blaming their teenaged son, and after a spirited back-and-forth, two more actors rushed onstage, playing two different characters in the same narrative. روایت

pariah

A pariah is someone that has been soundly rejected by their community. Your constant gossiping might make you a pariah on campus. Pariah takes its name from a tribe in Southeast India. The pariahs were drummers, sorcerers, and servants who became untouchables in Indian society because of the unsanitary jobs they did. Pariah maintains this sense of untouchableness. Pariahs are not just unliked, they are avoided at all costs. Imagine how a once popular restaurant could gain pariah status if it fails health inspections three times in a row. a person who is rejected (from society or home) synonyms: Ishmael, castaway, outcast He read about the history of the Korean Peninsula, the reputation of the Kim family dictatorship, and his country's status as an international pariah. Even if they were society's pariahs, they were going to be angels in a marble white heaven and sit on the right hand of Jesus, the Son of God. The other kids treated her like a total pariah, crowing that her mother was a "hoor" and calling her "lice girl." Others are released again, only to find themselves in precisely the circumstances they occupied before, unable to cope with the stigma of the prison label and their permanent pariah status. منفور

commentator

A person who analyzes and discusses topics in politics and sports is called a commentator. If you want to hear opinions on the news rather than the news itself, listen to commentators. A reporter delivers the news and a commentator analyzes it, sometimes within the same news program. If you're a top sports commentator, you may become an even bigger household name than the players you are discussing, and you may pull in just as much money too. Political commentators, who often offer more opinion rather than analysis, are also sometimes called pundits or talking heads. an expert who observes and comments on something synonyms: observer Frank Readick's perfect imitation of the commentator at the Hindenburg explosion. "And here are the Gryffindors!" yelled Lee Jordan, who was acting as commentator as usual. The commentators are not sure what to say about the crowd's refusal to applaud. Given the power of the mill owners, it is not surprising that unionization efforts were, in the words of one knowledgeable commentator, "mere foam before passing gusts." مفسر

pit

A pit is a hole in the ground, like the one in Poe's "The Pit and the Pendulum" that the narrator tries not to fall into. A pit can also be smaller indentation. There's also a pit hiding inside a peach. Pit is a word with a wide variety of meanings. There's the pit you dig on the beach as a moat for your sandcastle, and the pit a hunter digs for trapping an animal. Then there's the sunken area of a performance hall where musicians play, an orchestra pit, and the area that's reserved for certain activity, like the trading pit at a stock exchange. Finally, a pit is also a large, hard seed — like a peach pit. a sizeable hole (usually in the ground) "they dug a pit to bury the body" synonyms: cavity Behind the church, a rectangular pit in the ground gaped open, awaiting her father's body. "So, things are in the pits for you, and you want company, is that it?" Kazi used to cut up every mango in four pieces, two large ones along the flat side of the big pit in the middle and two small ones along the edges of the pit. On the way to the bridge, a knot formed in the pit of my stomach. گودال

riot

A riot is a violent outburst by a crowd. When the principal didn't declare a snow day, even with five inches on the ground already, students rioted, gathering outside and throwing snowballs. The meaning of riot has stretched over the years. You would say "She is a riot" about a funny or outrageous person. A loud clothing combination might represent a riot of texture and color. When something runs riot, it has been allowed to get out of control. state of disorder involving group violence synonyms: rioting It creates an immediate riot in my blood, so I can't tell him about the guys in the alcove at the party. Barry Goldwater, in his 1964 presidential campaign, aggressively exploited the riots and fears of black crime, laying the foundation for the "get tough on crime" movement that would emerge years later. There were few injuries then, and still the marketplace rioted. The news switched to a story about South Africa—blacks rioting there and dying wholesale in battles with police over the policies of the white supremacist government. شورش

sedulous

A sedulous person is someone who works hard and doesn't give up easily. If you make repeated and sedulous attempts to fix a leaky pipe and it only makes things worse, it might be time to go online and find the number of a plumber. There are a couple of words that basically mean the same thing as sedulous but are a little more common, namely assiduous, painstaking, and diligent. Like sedulous, all of these adjectives can be turned into adverbs by adding the suffix ly: "He assiduously tried to fix the pipe, but to no avail." marked by care and persistent effort "sedulous pursuit of legal and moral principles" synonyms: assiduous And that, following an assessment of his sedulous performance over the years, the distributor was promoting Mr. Dalai to manage the College Street branch. Littell is a sedulous reader of surface and detail, taking as his guide to the works the principle that "being told in paint they need to be read in paint". In his own right he remains one of jazz's more sedulous bandleaders, and later this year, he'll release a new album with his Captain Black Big Band. She recommends unstinting regard for language and sedulous habits of self-revision; then she throws in, like an afterthought, an extra moral dimension: "Work on your character." کوشا و با دقت

surge

A surge is a sudden strong swelling, like a tsunami wave that engulfs the land. Although a surge offers a fluid image, anything can experience a sudden surge, including emotions, political support, or an angry mob. The original Latin word surgere, meaning "to spring up or rise," serves as the basis for the word surge, which refers to a great sudden growth or swelling. If you are watching a sad movie and you experience a sudden surge of emotion, do you quietly reach for a tissue, pretend something's in your eye, or simply weep and sob with reckless abandon? Yeah, me too. Christmas shopping can be dangerous when there is a surge of interest in one toy and desperate shoppers surge into stores trying to grab it up. rise and move, as in waves or billows "The army surged forward" synonyms: billow, heave All the while surging from my gut: fire sourness weight anger loneliness confusion embarrassment shame. As the California boat fell into the field of view of the Washington boys, their confidence surged. Magical and electrical pulses coursed via the Celestial bronze cables and surged through the entire room. A surge of white steam billowed thickly from the cauldron instead, obliterating everything in front of Harry, so that he couldn't see Wormtail or Cedric or anything but vapor hanging in the air. خروشان موج خروشان

venue

A venue is the place where an event or meeting is happening. If you're going to see the best band ever, you should get to the venue early to get a good seat. Venue is derived from the Latin for "come" (venire), and it's a place people come to. Another meaning of venue is specific to the law as the place where a trial will be held, and the area from which the jury will be selected. If you're on trial for stealing, and you're known around town as "Sticky Fingers Magoo," your lawyer would wisely request a change of venue to give you a better shot at a fair trial. the scene of any event or action (especially the place of a meeting) synonyms: locale, locus see more noun in law, the jurisdiction where a trial will be held They announced that the venue of the trial was to be shifted from Johannesburg to Pretoria, thirty-six miles away. Defeated, I follow Andrés to the field next to the venue, where two black horses are tied to a fence. In Alabama, asking to change venue was an essentially futile act. With her encouragement, I began to speak at Chapman and other venues. محل دادرسی محل

suit

Among many other meanings, a suit is a jacket and pants that match — formalwear for men. Suits are well-suited (appropriate) for some jobs and formal events, like a funeral. A suit is also short for a lawsuit — like when you file a suit against a doctor who removed the wrong kidney. A suit is also an appeal to someone who has something you want — like money or affection. In cards, the suits are hearts, diamonds, spades and clubs. If a hat looks good on you, it suits you. In fact, you can say of just about anything you like, "That suits me." Like a well-fitting suit, when something suits you, you enjoy it and feel comfortable with it. a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy "the family brought suit against the landlord" Flowers, candles, beads, pretty stones, blown-glass figurines of birds and deer, in fact, anything beautiful, seemed to suit the lovely goddess. Lucius Clarke's shop was filled with dolls—lady dolls and baby dolls, dolls with eyes that opened and closed and dolls with painted-on eyes, dolls dressed as queens and dolls wearing sailor suits. The meaning hit me as I looked around at all the fast food executives, the sea of pinstriped suits and silk ties. Between us are the clean suit, the explosives, and the backpack, arranged in a line on the brushed steel. دادخواست

Amendment

An amendment is a change made to an original, usually a document or statement. You might propose an amendment to your environmental club's bylaws requiring that all official club documents be printed on recycled paper. Can you spot the word amend, meaning "to make better" or "to cure of faults and errors," hidden in amendment? If so, you'll grasp the notion that an amendment is something intended to improve whatever preceded it. It pops up most often in formal legal contexts, where a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.) While both organizations advocated for voting rights for women, the National favored a federal amendment, while the American worked to pass women's voting rights at the state level, state by state. Other women's rights leaders, including Lucy Stone, advocated for the passage of a separate amendment that would ensure female suffrage. He also released a statement saying that he "frankly and earnestly" supported the amendment "as an act of right and justice to the women of the country and of the world." "Good Lord, that amendment passed, what? Twenty years ago?" اصالحیه

executive

An executive is a powerful person who is responsible for making things run smoothly. If you become an executive, you might be in charge of an organization, a business, or even an entire country. The executive of a company has the best office and works on ways to make their business more successful. The Medieval Latin root of executive is exsequi, which means "carry out," and so an executive carries out plans and actions. Executive is also an adjective that describes having the power to make decisions. The president of the United States is the executive branch of the government and is responsible for executing laws that will improve the country for its citizens person responsible for the administration of a business synonyms: executive director see more noun someone who manages a government agency or department synonyms: administrator Another IBP executive, a vice president of engineering, assured the audience that the new plant in Lexington would not foul the air. The executive meeting in Durban, like all ANC meetings at the time, was held in secret and at night in order to avoid the police. The mom was an executive assistant in Long Beach and the dad was an amateur boxer. His father was a successful insurance executive, so life was always comfortable, and Edwin enjoyed a wealth of physical endowments, too. مجری

incumbent

An incumbent is an official who holds an office. If you want to run for congress, you're going to have to beat the incumbent. Incumbent comes from the Latin word incumbens, which means "lying in" or "leaning on," but came to mean "holding a position." It was first used in English for someone holding a church office, and then someone holding any office. You'll most likely hear it today for political officials. In a race for mayor, the incumbent mayor faces a challenger. Incumbent also means "required by obligation." It is incumbent upon you to do the dishes necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding "it is incumbent on them to pay their own debts" Synonyms:necessaryabsolutely essential adjective currently holding an office "the incumbent governor" Synonyms:currentoccurring in or belonging to the present time It was also incumbent upon them to attend to his personal wants. "The observance of these standards," Veblen wrote, "in some degree of approximation, becomes incumbent upon all classes lower in the scale." In the months leading up to Election Day, incumbent mayors routinely try to lock up the law-and-order vote by hiring more police—even when the crime rate is standing still. "I thank you, ladies. And now, I am afraid that it is incumbent upon us to ask you to recommend to us a fine hotel in the neighborhood." متصدی

indigent

An indigent person is extremely poor, lacking the basic resources of a normal life. Often the indigent lack not only money but homes. Indigent comes from a Latin word meaning wanting, which we used to use to mean "lacking" and not just to describe desires. Homeless shelters, soup kitchens, free medical clinics and court-appointed lawyers are all institutions that our society has developed to help indigent people. oor enough to need help from others synonyms: destitute, impoverished, necessitous, needy, poverty-stricken poorhaving little money or few possessions Approximately 80 percent of criminal defendants are indigent and thus unable to hire a lawyer. They get into arguments and they say to one another, "It is only my misfortune that would lump me together with an indigent like you." "Do you not understand that you are an indigent and unregistered alien? How do you intend to return to Karhide?" The bodies of the indigent dead were carted to the potter's field and dumped, but no gravediggers were there to bury them. بیچاره

outlet

Any hole or opening that allows water or gas to get out is an outlet. The place where water runs out of a lake and into a river is one example of an outlet. When you need to charge your laptop, you plug it into an electrical outlet, which gets its name from the idea that electricity comes out of it, just as water flows out of a river outlet. Outlet is also used to mean "store that sells discounted goods" and "a way to express yourself emotionally creatively." Dancing might be your outlet, for example — the way you let your feelings and creativity out. n opening that permits escape or release synonyms: exit, issue, way out News outlets and social media played important roles in getting the attention of a national and international audience. The walls were painted with thick, gobby epoxy paint, and all the electrical outlets were plugged around the edges with a gooey material. She lit it, taking care not to set the screen surrounding the fuel outlet on fire. The team laid an electric cable along the floor throughout the building, strung with outlets, like a cord for Christmas-tree lights. مجرای خروج

chary

Being chary (pronounced CHAIR-ee) is being wary or cautious. If you lost two teeth in last year's rugby season, you should be chary of signing up again this year. Chary comes from the Old English word cearig for "sorrowful, careful," which is basically what you are if you're chary. If you're a little suspicious of something and mulling it over, you're being chary. A synonym of chary is wary, and both include caution, but some definitions suggest that it's obvious when someone is wary — it shows — while being chary is more of an inside, or hidden, distrust. characterized by great caution and wariness "chary of the risks involved" "a chary investor" synonyms: cagey, cagy That look speaks assertively to a Gen Z crowd chary of artifice and aggressive displays of sensuality. So Billington was properly chary of what will follow his retirement on Jan. 1. The chary locals are less forthcoming about the lingering horror of the mass shooting in which a young priest took the lives of five members of his elderly congregation. And in those days I was a little chary of my father's tastes. محتاط

devoted

Being devoted to something means being focused on that particular thing almost exclusively. When you are devoted to a cause, you work to achieve its goals. When you are devoted to a person, you place their needs above your own. Being devoted doesn't have to refer only to personal relationships. It can focus on any area, activity, or passion. Cookbooks are devoted to presenting recipes, dog breeders are usually devoted to one specific type of dog, and tabloids are devoted to gossiping about celebrities. There's nothing wrong with being devoted to an activity or a person, as long as you don't lose track of everything else in your life. That's when being devoted crosses over into being obsessed. zealous in devotion or affection "a devoted husband and father" "devoted friends" Synonyms:dedicateddevoted to a cause or ideal or purpose Then there was Mirabelle's playroom, a whole enormous bedroom devoted to her toys: wooden blocks in all colors of the rainbow, a rocking elephant made from velvet, an entire shelf of dolls. When, a few days past, the Articles of War were read to us all, great shew was made over those words devoted to the punishments for soldiers who dare desert. Science is generated by and devoted to free inquiry: the idea that any hypothesis, no matter how strange, deserves to be considered on its merits. Of all the places where a treasure might be buried, the graveyard was the least likely, most of it already devoted to the bones of the Penikese lepers. فداکار

Defamation

Defamation is a dirty trick against someone's reputation. If you were so furious at your friend that you spread a rumor that he was still wetting his bed, that would be defamation of your friend. The noun defamation describes something very mean and completely deliberate, essentially a false accusation against someone or an attack on a person's good reputation. The terms libel and slander — written or spoken lies about a person, group, or business — both fall under the category of defamation. Sometimes defamation is even a punishable crime, and in every instance it's unkind and malicious. an abusive attack on a person's character or good name synonyms: aspersion, calumny, denigration, slander see more noun a false accusation of an offense or a malicious misrepresentation of someone's words or actions synonyms: calumniation, calumny, hatchet job, obloquy, traducement Sullivan changed the standard for defamation and libel by requiring plaintiffs to prove malice—that is, evidence of actual knowledge on the part of the publisher that a statement is false. During 33 BCE, disagreements and mistrust turned to public accusations and defamation. "And trust me, when all this is over, we'll be able to file several suits for slander and defamation of character," she says. More important, the defamation lawsuits chilled sympathetic coverage of civil rights activism. بد گویی

doubt

Doubt is distrust or suspicion. When your kid sister explains that a robber broke in and ate your entire chocolate stash, most likely you feel doubt. When you're in doubt, you really can't tell what's true and what's false, whether that's a news story or whether you want to marry someone or whether you'll survive Med school. The Latin root of doubt is dubitāre, "to hesitate, waver," and when you doubt something you're wavering: I think I believe you, but maybe I don't. But maybe I do. But maybe not? One thing not to doubt is the silent b. Pronounce: DOWT. he state of being unsure of something synonyms: doubtfulness, dubiety, dubiousness, incertitude, uncertainty Now she is disturbing me, making me doubt my own self just looking at her sauntering through the sunshafts like that. Did he sense a glimmer of doubt in his son's eyes? The second factor was Teller's inability to get along with anyone who doubted either the need for a crash H-bomb program or the likelihood of its eventual success. Though even as the thought rises, she doubts it. تردید

expansive

Expansive is all about being able to grow or get larger. An expansive piece of land is large, an expansive mind is one that is always thinking of the big picture, an expansive vocabulary is one that holds lots of words. Warning: don't confuse expansive, "large," with expensive, "high priced." They differ by only one letter but mean very different things. A Big Mac may contain what McDonald's advertizes as an expansive all-beef patty, but it isn't expensive food. communicative, and prone to talking in a sociable manner Brinker's expansive, dazed tone suggested that here was one of life's giant ironies, "There you are!" The warrant officer in charge of field exercises is the commandant, an overzealous schoolmaster named Bastian with an expansive walk and a round belly and a coat quivering with war medals. This made sense to me because, while expansive, the Muslim community in the United States is still relatively small. She lay aggressively receptive, flushed, her navel no goblet but a pit in an earth-quaking land, flexing taut and expansive. متمایل به توسعه

fictitious

Fictitious means made up, or imaginary. No matter how real Scarlett O'Hara might seem in "Gone With the Wind," she's a fictitious character invented by author Margaret Mitchell. When you look at the word fictitious, you'll probably notice that it bears a striking resemblance to fiction — which is an imaginary story about people and events that are made up for the purpose of entertaining readers. Fictitious can also be used to mean "trick or deceive." A thief assumes a fictitious name to hide his real identity and evade capture. rmed or conceived by the imagination synonyms: fabricated, fancied, fictional To fill the gap between 660 B.C. and the earliest historically documented Japanese monarchs, the chronicles invented 13 other, equally fictitious emperors. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies As Morgan noted at the time, there was no consensus "as to what the genes are-whether they are real or purely fictitious." Agloe, New York, is a fictitious village created by the Esso company in the early 1930s and inserted into tourist maps as a copyright trap, or paper town. Poe creates this space Haldwell, a fictitious Pennsylvania boarding school, as the backdrop for viewers to get a glimpse into the high school senior Selah's carefree life. ساختگی

apogee

For an object in orbit around the earth, the apogee is the point that is highest or farthest from the earth. Early satellites had low apogees, so it wasn't long before they burnt up in the atmosphere. Apogee comes from two Greek words meaning "away" and "earth," so it's specific to things orbiting the earth. If you're talking about something orbiting the sun, the equivalent word is aphelion, "away" + "sun." Because apogee denotes the highest point something reaches in an orbit before falling back, it can also figuratively refer to other highs. For example, "Child stars sometimes reach their apogee by 20, and there's nowhere to go but down from there." apoapsis in Earth orbit; the point in its orbit where a satellite is at the greatest distance from the Earth Be that as it may, money is also the apogee of human tolerance. Modern drawings of ancient cities tend to show them at an imagined apogee, the great monuments all splendidly arrayed together, perfect as architectural models. Those 12 final years in the Eternal City marked the apogee of his career. Alexander grew up in Lancaster, Ohio, a town celebrated in a 1947 Forbes article as the quintessential American town, the "epitome and apogee," as Alexander puts it, "of the American free enterprise system." نقطهء اوج

sought

I have long sought an answer to the following question: If sought is the past tense of seek, how come you say "we played hide and seek all afternoon" instead of "we hid and sought all afternoon?" Seek means to look for, and sought is what you say when you're done with the looking. "As a young man, I sought my fortune. Now it is time for me to sit by the fire, searching for the long-sought-after answer to the timeless question 'What did it all mean?'" that is looked for "the long sought relatives" I wondered if the knowledge I sought would destroy me. This was brought home to me in another realm many times when I sought jobs. They sought each other with their tongues, as they always did, even though it seemed like a new invention, and fell kneeling as they kissed in desperation. Max turned and looked at him; it was a casual look, devoid of the deeper awareness that Bigger sought so hungrily. در جستجوی

nadir

If a highly forgetful person loses his phone, his wallet, and then his car keys in separate instances all in one day, you could say that he has reached an organizational nadir. This means "lowest point." This was originally strictly an astronomical term and is the opposite of the word zenith, which is the part of the sky located directly above a person's head or, "high point." In fact, nadir is derived from the Arabic nazir, which means "opposite to." It is still used in astronomy to indicate the part of the celestial sphere located directly below an observer, but also more generally to describe the worst point of someone's life or career. an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything synonyms: low-water mark Consider, too, the Dobynsesque procedure for recovering original population numbers: applying an assumed death rate, usually 95 percent, to the observed population nadir. Donovan even picked her up and twirled her round, something he probably never imagined he'd ever be able to do at his narcotic nadir. The bad feeling reached a nadir when I reviewed a contrived Channel 4 reality show in which families road-tested servants. And here, at the nadir of this dive, my mood is improving by the second. نقطه حضیض

feckless

If a newspaper editorial describes a politician as feckless, you might wonder, "What is feck, and why doesn't he have any?" In fact, the columnist is accusing the politician of being irresponsible and incompetent. Did you know that most varieties of English are in fact "feck"-less? They don't contain a word feck, only the negative counterpart feckless. The "feck" in feckless began as a short form of effect used in the Scots dialect. So feckless essentially means "ineffective," but is also used to describe someone who is irresponsible, incompetent, inept, or without purpose in life. generally incompetent and ineffectual "feckless attempts to repair the plumbing" synonyms: inept Though Scottish by birth, he grew up in the far south of England, in the New Forest of Hampshire, because his mother was convinced that Scots were feckless drunks. Francisco Pizarro, now governor of Peru, was learning that to avoid outbreaks of feckless violence he needed to keep his men occupied at all times. McCandless wasn't some feckless slacker, adrift and confused, racked by existential despair. There was a commotion at the locker room door and the manager's voice was raised in a shrill, feckless protest. بی اثر

dispute

If kids can't settle their own argument, they may need someone to mediate their dispute, or conflict. You can often tell this is the case if you hear the loud cry, "Mom!" The noun dispute means any conflict or disagreement. The countries were in the middle of a border dispute; both sides claimed the toxic waste dump belonged to the other. As a verb, dispute can mean to quarrel or argue, but it can also mean to take exception to something. If your boasting friend crows because you lost the trivia game to her by 150 points, you may want to dispute the facts. It was only 145 points. coming into conflict with synonyms: contravention He is the arbiter of all disputes and no provision is made for an appeal from his decision," the Tribune reported. Moreover, it almost surely incorporates a sophisticated cosmological program whose meaning, however, remains under dispute. How the tabloids got hold of that story is hotly disputed. The discoveries once again fractured the consensus about the early American history, miring it in dispute. اختلاف نظر

obscure

If something is obscure, it's vague and hard to see. Be careful if you're driving in heavy rain — the painted lines can be obscure. Obscure comes from Latin obscurus, which can mean "dark, dim," "unclear, hard to understand," or "insignificant, humble." We tend to use obscure in the metaphorical senses: an obscure sound is unclear, an obscure village is hidden away in the countryside, and an obscure poet is little known and probably insignificant. Obscure can also be used as a verb. If you get really nervous when you speak during a debate, your embarrassing twitches and shaking hands can obscure your argument. not clearly understood or expressed "an obscure turn of phrase" ""an impulse to go off and fight certain obscure battles of his own spirit"-Anatole Broyard" synonyms: vague unclear People were shouting at the new arrivals, dust obscured the desert sun, and the children of the oasis were bursting with excitement at the arrival of the strangers. Suspecting that Louie's friends would pull wedding night pranks, the newlyweds stole off to an obscure hotel, and Cynthia called home. Her face wasn't obscured here; she looked vaguely familiar. He's pushing trunks against the wall, obscuring Camel. مبهم

plentiful

If something is plentiful, there is a lot of it. Also, plentiful things yield large amounts of something, like an abundant farm. Apples are plentiful in a plentiful year on an apple farm. Plentiful is an adjective to describe "many" or "a lot." It's plenty for "very much" and -ful for "full of" so plentiful is full of very much! It's a word for "large amounts." If you have plenty of potato chips, you have a plentiful supply of chips. Also, something that has or produces great amounts can be called plentiful. A tree that spawns many apples is plentiful. existing in great number or quantity Synonyms: abundantpresent in great quantity The fuel sources are relatively plentiful and radiation concerns are slight compared with nuclear reactors powered by fission. A dozen years ago inexpensive genome sequencing led us to discover plentiful viruses in the mouth and gut. Rationalizations are plentiful, but the results are dangerous. Others will fly south, where food is more plentiful. فراوان

ardent

If you are ardent, you are passionate about something. A pop star's ardent admirers might go so crazy at his concert that they faint from excitement. Ardent is most often used to modify words like supporter, fan, advocate, admirer, and defender — but also opponent. Although you can either ardently support or oppose something, support is by far the more common use. The word literally means "burning" or "glowing" — it's from Latin ardere, "to burn." In poetic use, the word is sometimes used to mean "glowing," as Alexander Pope did in his 1718 translation of Homer's Iliad: "From rank to rank she darts her ardent eyes. haracterized by intense emotion "ardent love" "an ardent lover" synonyms: fervent, fervid, fiery, impassioned, perfervid, torrid passionatehaving or expressing strong emotions As the day approached when e was to leave her for a comparatively long stay, she grew melting and affectionate, remembering his many acts of consideration and his repeated expressions of an ardent attachment. We begin with the story of the greatest conqueror in history, a conqueror possessed of extreme tolerance and adaptability, thereby turning people into ardent disciples. I rolled my eyes, but Mabel was ardent in her respect for elders. He was an ardent Communist, and was known for his high-spirited parties. مشتاق

loyal

If you are faithful and devoted to someone or something, you're loyal. If you refuse to buy milk from anyone other than Farmer Jones, then you're a very loyal customer. Someone who is loyal is reliable and always true, like your trusty dog. Loyal comes from the Old French word loial which means something like "legal," but if someone is only loyal to you because the law requires him to be, that's not true loyalty, which should come from the heart, not a contract. A loyal friend supports you all the time, no matter what. You can also be loyal to an idea, like the People's Revolution, or girl-power. teadfast in allegiance or duty "loyal subjects" "loyal friends stood by him" Synonyms:allegiantsteadfast in devotion (especially to your lawful monarch or government) "Some of us are astonishingly loyal," Tool observed. "I wish to be crowned within the fortnight. Today I shall accept oaths of fealty from my loyal councillors." "He's loyal to the Bureau. I don't want to involve him." They must ponder whether to answer the imperial call or to remain loyal to their state and their people. وفادار

accuse

If you charge someone with misdeeds or misconduct, you accuse that person. If the last piece of devil's food cake is missing, your sister may accuse you of eating it — especially if you have chocolate on your mouth. The verb accuse comes from the Latin word accusare, which itself is formed from the roots ad, meaning toward, and causa, reason or lawsuit. "Cause," "excuse," and even "ruse" are all from that same root word. Today, if you're accused of a crime, you may still be headed toward a lawsuit. However, to accuse someone of a crime doesn't necessarily make them guilty — plenty of people have been falsely accused. blame for, make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against synonyms: charge bring an accusation against; level a charge against "The neighbors accused the man of spousal abuse" synonyms: criminate, impeach, incriminate If, however, there is no reasonable doubt—then you must, in good conscience, find the accused guilty. I accused everyone of murdering our parents, asking them tough questions and not giving them time to think or lie. Regardless, I'm sure people accused him of being "on something," too. "I don't want to be accused of nagging, Helena," Dad began, "but I was wondering when I might be able to park my car in my garage?" متهم کردن

persuade

If you get talked into something, you've been persuaded. If your friends try to persuade you to swan-dive into a dangerous ravine, it's time to find some new friends. To persuade is to get your way — win the argument, convince the group to see your favorite movie, get your parents to let you borrow the car. You persuade with language, with a carefully constructed argument, and with the strength of your conviction. The word is sometimes used tongue-in-cheek to describe the very opposite of a carefully worded argument. A movie gangster might "persuade" people with the gun he keeps tucked in his pocket. cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action; twist somebody's arm "You can't persuade me to buy this ugly vase!" Every word she said persuaded Theon that this was all some ploy. The fried plantain hawker tried to persuade Ifemelu to buy fried sweet potatoes as well. He managed to track down a copy of the actual scientific paper and to persuade scientists at the US Atomic Energy Commission to explain to him what it meant. The reader gets the feeling that he's being bullied rather than persuaded. ترغیب کردن

notion

If you have a notion that you can swim across the ocean, you are probably wrong. A notion is an idea, often vague and sometimes fanciful. A notion is lighter than a theory and embraces a whimsy that a simple idea never could. You might have the notion that you can slow global warming by taking public transportation and reusing plastic bags. If you share a far-fetched idea with others, someone might respond with a "Where'd you get that notion?!" Notions can also refer to the buttons, thread, zippers, and pins necessary for sewing things. So if you have a notion to create your own Halloween costume, you better pick up some notions from the craft store. a general inclusive concept The Tully marriage was his notion, never doubt it, he—" She broke off as Roose Bolton rose to his feet, pale eyes shining in the torchlight. It is in the abrupt, unaccountable aggregation of random notions, intuitions, known in science as good ideas, that the high points are made. There are two problems with notions of panspermia, as extraterrestrial theories are known. I thought they were our savings, but the notion didn't seem to matter at the moment. تصور

revamp

If you revamp something, you renovate or remake it. You'll have to revamp your vacation plans if the hotel where you were planning to stay has closed for repairs and renovations. The vamp of a shoe or boot is the front part that covers the top of the foot. If that part of your shoe needed repair or replacement, then you would have to revamp it. From this sense, we get the more common meaning of revamp — to restore or fix up. Your favorite hotel might be trying to revamp its image, to reinvent its reputation as a family resort. patch up or renovate; repair or restore Synonyms:vamp Type of:bushel, doctor, fix, furbish up, mend, repair, restore, touch on That's a simple and basic analysis of Washington's revamped attack, which is supposed to feature an array of perimeter shooters. Organizations that offer citizenship classes to help immigrants study for the test are scrambling to revamp their lesson plans to respond to the new questions. Davis declined to talk in detail about player acquisition because he got some blowback for information he included in the team's news release this week announcing the revamped Pioneer League. Acting Undersecretary of Defense for Policy James Anderson also opposed plans to revamp the board membership. بازسازی

sue

If you sue someone, you're accusing them (in court) of doing something wrong or illegal and demanding that they pay for it. Almost every time someone sues, they're looking for money. One of the last things you want to hear is "I'll sue you!" People sue for a lot of reasons. If you slipped on the ice, you could sue the sidewalk owner for not putting salt down. If you were in a car accident, you could sue the other driver. Years ago, someone sued McDonald's for scalding themselves on a cup of coffee they said was too hot. Sometimes it seems like people will find any reason to sue. institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against synonyms: action, litigate, process At one point, Berg threatened to sue Watson for failing to adequately acknowledge the nature of the risk of recombinant DNA. In this exceedingly slippery situation, citizens who suffered direct financial loss from damage to apple orchards or bees discovered that there was no one to sue. "Remember when we were in Cousin Neil's office and I wanted to sue the Mosses? Phil said it would be their word against mine. Now here's the proof! " "Dad is suing them for breach of contract," she said. تعقیب قانونی، شکایت

inclined

If you're inclined to do something, you want to do it, you like doing it, and you may even have an inherent talent for doing it. Alternatively, if the sidewalk outside your house is inclined, that means it slopes upward. Inclined means that you're likely to do something, you're leaning toward doing it, or you do it habitually. If you're inclined to eat too much at Thanksgiving, you're not alone. If you're inclined to want to join the Iditarod dog sled race, get a warm jacket. Inclined can also be an adjective describing something that's at an angle. If a ramp is inclined, it's on a slant, sloping up toward something else. Synonyms: gradual(of a topographical gradient) not steep or abrupt atilt, canted, leaning, tilted, tippeddeparting or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal They walk a fine line, sometimes withholding details in reports — such as the names of gangs suspected in killings — so as to not inflame those inclined to seek revenge against the news media. The surging infection numbers across the state, experts and officials say, indicate that many are already weary of restrictions and, in the midst of the holiday season, less inclined to stay home. Though one might be inclined to associate this sector with joy and the miracle of birth, we anxiously bear witness as tragedy looms and dark phantoms lurk. Since he's rich, people are inclined to believe that's all it was شیب دار

prominent

If you're looking for an adjective that means "sticking out above the rest; famous," consider prominent. A prominent person might be the big cheese, the head honcho, the top dog — not just any Joe Schmo. A prominence is anything that juts out, like a bone or a mountain ridge. Prominent, then, means "sticking out" either in a literal sense ("a prominent nose") or a figurative one ("a prominent figure in the industry"). The metaphorical sense of "famous" is the most common one today, though references to the "prominent posterior" of Jennifer Lopez might fit both definitions. conspicuous in position or importance "a prominent citizen" synonyms: big, large He teetered, in the name of style, on dandyism; he always wore primary colors, and his belt buckles were always large and prominent, like buckteeth. Same serious expression, a slight gathering of the eyebrows, lips held tightly closed, cheekbones high and prominent. A prominent leader of this elite black middle class was even quoted in a Johannesburg daily as saying that he didn't believe many blacks wanted one person, one vote in South Africa. But they move the harvest scene of yellows and greens and blues from Arles and hang the baby's almond tree in the most prominent place in their flat, above the piano in the drawing room. برجسته

fractious

If you're prone to picking fights, making snarky comments, and being frustratingly stubborn, you're fractious. And odds are you're not invited to too many parties. Someone who is fractious is cranky, rebellious and inclined to cause problems. Tempers and children are commonly described as such. In To Kill A Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses the word to describe the trouble-making Calpurnia: "She had always been too hard on me, she had at last seen the error of her fractious ways, she was sorry and too stubborn to say so." easily irritated or annoyed "an incorrigibly fractious young man" The more his back ached and his muscle dissolved into fat and the fat melted off his bones, the more fractious he became with Janie. We cite this vignette as an example of possible recidivism; it demonstrates not only the confusion but also the fractious and insubordinate natural inclination of the African subject. It's full of rage, a fractious child screaming, "I hate you" at a parent. She was still too heavy with sleep to sound really fractious, but it was apparent that she felt there was some kind of injustice in the air. کج خلق

defray

If your mother says she will defray the cost of your next move, say thank you. She means she will take on some of the expenses for you. Your school band might hold a bake sale fundraiser to defray the cost of new band uniforms. When they do this, the amount raised will be taken off the total cost of the uniforms so that each individual band member has to pay less. If you live in New York and are invited for a job interview in California, the company may defray the expenses of your plane ticket and hotel, especially if they really want to hire you. bear the expenses of My stipend was a predetermined amount of money—based on world ranking—to defray the cost of training expenses. For the privilege, the Chinese orchestra helped defray the cost of the concert. Speak with one of their friends first, and ask if the family would mind if you defrayed some of their costs. Usually as a combined birthday/Christmas gift my family will help defray the cost of airfare or hotel to travel together. تقبل کردن هزینه پرداخت

exegesis

If your teacher gives an explanation of a difficult text you are reading, she is giving you an exegesis on it. An exegesis is a critical look at a text. Exegesis comes from the Greek word for interpret and it's often used in connection with the Bible. Often times, religious rules are based on an exegesis of a text. For instance, some Jewish people do not eat meat and dairy in the same meal based on an exegesis of a law in the Torah that says you should not eat a calf cooked in its mother's milk. an explanation or critical interpretation (especially of the Bible) This is all quite fascinating, but over the next six pages the paragraphs jump around between descriptions of the Cossacks' way of war and still more exegesis of Clausewitz. As Martin J. S. Rudwick puts it, "No geologist of any nationality whose work was taken seriously by other geologists advocated a timescale confined within the limits of a literalistic exegesis of Genesis." Her exegeses are prickly and acute, the Helen Vendler-meets-Patti Smith grad seminar you wanted but never quite got. Bradford provides similarly interesting exegeses of autobiographical echoes in other Highsmith novels, but this generally valuable material gets lost in an endless parade of lovers and equally endless litany of Highsmith's appalling personal conduct. تفسیر

integrity

Integrity is a personal quality of fairness that we all aspire to — unless you're a dishonest, immoral scoundrel, of course. Having integrity means doing the right thing in a reliable way. It's a personality trait that we admire, since it means a person has a moral compass that doesn't waver. It literally means having "wholeness" of character, just as an integer is a "whole number" with no fractions. Physical objects can display integrity, too — if you're going over a rickety old bridge that sways in the wind, you might question its structural integrity. an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting "the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development" synonyms: unity, wholeness How praiseworthy it is for a prince to keep his word and to live with integrity and not by cunning, everyone knows. We are doing little now to preserve its integrity. My ambition and integrity were nothing to them and my failure was as meaningless as Clifton's. As long as people trusted the power and integrity of the king, they trusted his coins. درستی

diatribe

It's pretty overwhelming when you ask your friend a seemingly innocuous question, like "Do you like hot dogs?" and she unleashes a diatribe about the evils of eating meat. A diatribe is an angry, critical speech. This noun has its roots in the Greek diatribē, "pastime or lecture," from diatrībein, "to waste time or wear away," combining dia-, "thoroughly," and trībein, "to rub." So the origin of the word diatribe is connected to both serious study and the spending or wasting of time. With most diatribes, the speaker thinks he's well informed and knows something the listener doesn't, while to most listeners the diatribe is so angry and unhinged that it's just a waste of time. Her arms were folded, her lips were pursed, and she seemed to be chewing her tongue, as though biting back the furious diatribe she longed to throw at Harry. Jacobs attended city council meetings, but only sporadically, which was a good thing, in C.P.'s view, since Jacobs' diatribes left listeners with the impression that the man was unhinged. Her mother told her not to worry and launched into a diatribe about the medical technologies of the seventies until Alma interrupted her. She listened to my diatribe, her expression purposefully blase. انتقاد تند

jingoist

Jingoists really dislike people from outside their own borders. Jingoism is an extreme form of patriotism that often calls for violence towards foreigners and foreign countries. Patriotism — a love for one's country — can, in certain cases, turn nasty and go beyond wishing for the welfare of one's own homeland. That's when a patriot becomes a nationalist. From there, it's only a short step to becoming a jingoist, one who not only waves the flag of their country but believes that all other people are threats and should be treated as such. An obvious example of a jingoist was Adolf Hitler, who stirred up fear and anger towards outsiders that led to world war...and much worse. an extreme bellicose nationalist synonyms: chauvinist, flag-waver, hundred-percenter, jingo, patrioteer Do you mind potentially being mistaken for a rabid jingoist? Amid this jingoist spirit, it would be easy to overlook a tiny show that opened Wednesday at Scandinavia House in Midtown to cheer the fashions of Sweden. The Last Night now splits audiences, with some seeing it as a harmless piece of fun that is wildly popular with audiences, and others criticising its apparently jingoist overtones. He's no jingoist - this is a man to shrink from bells and whistles - but he is fierce, fuelled by fear and gratitude and guilt.

merit

Merit means "worthiness or excellence." If you receive a certificate of merit in school, you are being recognized for doing a good job. As a verb, merit means "deserve." Your certificate might merit a prominent place on your bulletin board! You will often hear the phrases merit-based promotion and merit-based pay, which come up when employees are pushing against a system in which time on the job--and not job performance--determines when workers are promoted and how much they are paid. Using the word merit suggests impartiality and objectivity--such as when you swear off a prejudiced approach to something and vow to "judge it on its merits." he quality of being deserving (e.g., deserving assistance) synonyms: deservingness, meritoriousness Kingdoms get the princes they deserve, farmers' daughters die for no reason, and sometimes witches merit saving. On their breaks, the three discussed the merits and disadvantages of their new positions. The overwhelming biological merits of a self- complementary DNA molecule made him effectively concede the race. "Uh...thanks, but no. I'm sure you need this for some sort of merit badge, but I'm not a damsel in distress." شایستگی

prosecutor

On a TV crime drama or in real life courts, the prosecutor is the person who brings criminal charges against a suspect. A prosecutor is a lawyer who works for a state or government organization and is responsible for starting legal proceedings and then proving in court that the suspect committed the crime he's accused of. The opposite of a prosecutor is a defense attorney. So on that TV crime drama, the prosecutor is the one trying to put the bad guy in jail, and the defense attorney is the one trying to prove that the guy really isn't a bad guy. government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state The prosecutor is free to dismiss a case for any reason or no reason at all. The prosecutor was a criminal attorney hired by the state just for this case. Supreme Court again reinforced the protections that shield prosecutors from accountability. As if those judges and prosecutors would catch a whiff of them too. دادستان

overweening

Overweening is a negative term meaning arrogant or excessive. People can be described as having overweening pride or overweening ambition. It's too much and not good. Confidence and pride are okay in moderation. Overweening means having too much of it though so that it overtakes the rest of your personality, and not in a good way. If your football team has won every game of the season, they need to watch that they don't become overweening and start playing games as if they have already won. presumptuously arrogant "had a witty but overweening manner" ""no idea how overweening he would be"- S.V.Benet" synonyms: uppity Like his father, a high cleric, 8-Deer was trained for the priesthood, but political events and his own overweening ambition stopped him from following that path. The arrogance of that overweening little jerk is simply overwhelming. palate/palette/pallet. Klein was a complicated creature, given to hyperbole, adept at self-mythology, guided by an overweening narcissism and full of contradictions. They are there to sell newspapers, and he did that very well indeed, mostly by giving people an insight into the life of a rich and famous man with an overweening ego. بسیار مغرور

precipitate

Precipitate usually means "bringing something on" or "making it happen" — and not always in a good way. An unpopular verdict might "precipitate violence" or one false step at the Grand Canyon could precipitate you down into the gorge. Precipitate, as a verb, can also mean specifically, "to fall from clouds," such as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation. When used as an adjective, precipitate means "hasty" or "acting suddenly." If you decide to throw your class project in a trash masher just because someone in your class had a similar idea, then your actions might be described as precipitate. Or if you do that sort of thing regularly, you may be a precipitate person. bring about abruptly "The crisis precipitated by Russia's revolution" The Montgomery bus boycott that precipitated these events, like the sympathetic action it prompted in Durham, shocked most whites. Others were thought to be precipitated by episodes of blood loss. As Charles looked at the beaks of the finches, he began to see evidence of the fight for survival that precipitated the change. Since it must, they thought, presage the fall of some kingdom, the comet encouraged, in some sense precipitated, the invasion of England by William the Conqueror. تسریع کردن

relentless

Relentless is a good word for describing something harsh, unforgiving, and persistent, like the hot sun in the desert, or a cold that keeps you in bed for days with a nose like a strawberry. When you're relentless about something, you mean business. You're not stopping until you get what you want, and you're not taking "no" for an answer. People might try to steer you from your goal, but you have eyes only for the prize and they're just going to have to get out of your way. If you're a relentless student, for instance, you might stay up all night studying your vocabulary, just in case, there might be a quiz in the morning. never-ceasing Synonyms: persistent, unrelenting continual not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty Synonyms: grim, inexorable, stern, unappeasable, unforgiving, unrelenting More Californians than ever are now being infected by and hospitalized with the coronavirus as the pandemic continues its relentless march across the state. Belton recounts the emergence of what she calls "K.G.B. capitalism" — a form of ruthless wealth accumulation designed to serve the interests of a Russian state that is "relentless in its reach." "This pandemic is relentless. It's brutal. It's very, very difficult," Shaw said. Compared to its legacy publications like American Rifleman, she said, "it was much more relentless, it was more pervasive — if you were aware of it." بی امان

revenue

Revenue is money earned by a business, or income received by the government from taxes. The government is always interested in dreaming up new sources of revenue, and so is the average head of a company unless she doesn't want to be the head anymore. Revenue is from a French word meaning "to return or come back," and dollar returns are always a welcome thing. Declining advertising revenue will doom your website, no matter how great it is. If your lemonade stand is not making a profit, you might consider lowering costs. Maybe you could get cheaper lemonade mix? Or you might look for more creative and exciting ways to increase revenue--like raiding the pantry for cookies you can sell as well. he entire amount of income before any deductions are made synonyms: gross, receipts On September 28, 1998, at the start of the new school year, Bushey warned the principals that beverage sales were falling short of projections and that as a result school revenues might be affected. He typically accepts no money up front, then charges schools a commission that takes between 25 and 35 percent of the deal's total revenues. Additional rental fees were based on a restaurant's annual revenues. They spent their revenues on tournaments, banquets, palaces and wars, and on charity and monumental cathedrals. درآمد

motivated

Someone who is motivated has a cause to do something. If you have a habit of eating cheesecake for breakfast, an image of clogged arteries taped to your fridge might make you a motivated dieter. You'll find motive hidden inside motivated--and from detective movies you know every crime has a motive, or a reason it was committed. Racially-motivated crimes can spark riots. A killer might be motivated by jealousy, anger and greed. Being motivated doesn't always lead to crime, though. If you're one of those rare birds that sticks to New Year's resolutions, people probably ask, "How do you stay motivated?!" They mean, "How you avoid giving up like the rest of us?" provided with a motive or given incentive for action "a highly motivated child can learn almost anything" "a group of politically motivated men" Synonyms:intendedresulting from one's intentions Days before the second college semester began, we met the civil rights' activist Harry Belafonte, who was motivated to meet us after seeing the Freedom Writers on television. Until the mid-1980s, the law made no distinction between crimes motivated by bigotry and crimes motivated by money, passion, or boredom. They were motivated, and even the slackers began working hard. "The Allegiant are motivated by the desire to return to our original purpose in the city," Cara says. با انگیزه

anathema

Something that one absolutely and positively cannot stand is anathema. Garlic is anathema to vampires (ditto for stakes and daylight). So is kryptonite to Superman or a silver bullet to a werewolf. Originally the term anathema comes from the Catholic practice of denouncing a particular individual or idea that was antithetical to the Catholic Church. If done to a person, it excommunicated them, meaning they could no longer partake in the church's sacraments (with presumably pretty poor consequences for the soul.) That's a lot worse than kryptonite. a formal ecclesiastical curse accompanied by excommunication This choice was anathema to Sullivan, who abhorred derivative architecture, but during the meeting he made no objection. Tribal culture and thinking still dominate in many Arab countries, and the tribal mind-set is also anathema to collaboration. But I found that such a meeting was anathema to ANC leaders in Natal. And the idea of remaining in a poor agrarian setting, in any capacity, was anathema to a child with such prodigious talents and cocky self-assurance. لعنت و تکفیر غیر قابل تحمل

conspiratorial

Something that's conspiratorial involves a secret plan with other people. A conspiratorial glance between siblings is bound to make their babysitter nervous. Things done in a conspiratorial way are secretive and sneaky: a meet up between spies is conspiratorial, and several coworkers planning a surprise party for their boss might spend the day communicating in various conspiratorial ways. The adjective comes from its related verb, conspire, "plot," or "make secret plans," from the Latin root conspirare, "to agree, unite, or plot," or literally, "to breathe together." relating to or characteristic of conspiracy or conspirators "a conspiratorial whisper" His father scooted in, his eyes boring into Dill, a conspiratorial hush to his voice. "Got a plan?" said Bagman, lowering his voice conspiratorially. "Good girl," he said with a conspiratorial wink. She put the money into his hand with a conspiratorial smile توطئه آمیز

hefty

Something that's hefty is big and heavy. When you have to lug a hefty suitcase around, it helps if it has wheels. Hefty objects are large and bulky, and you can describe people as hefty when they're big and brawny and strong. When you buy a hefty bag of dog food for your hefty bull mastiff, you might want to ask a hefty young employee if she'll help you carry it to your car. Hefty comes from heft, which means both "to lift" and "weight or heaviness." of considerable weight and size "a hefty dictionary" Synonyms:heavy The day before Liyana's fifteenth birthday, he stepped through the door after work with a hefty bouquet of white roses, saying, "What do you think? Fifteen deserves something—regal!" The girls were hefty, big breasted and strong and their blonde hair was in slight disarray. The hefty ledger books waited on a huge wooden bookshelf that took up the far wall of the dim room. Although both men, one hefty and yet almost cherubic looking, and the other very tall and lanky, seemed vaguely familiar, Linda recognized neither. بزرگ و سنگین

supercilious

Supercilious people think very highly of themselves, more highly than of others. If your sister tends to act snobby and superior, you can describe her as supercilious. You might expect Nobel Prize winners to be supercilious — after all, they've reached the very heights of their profession. But one-on-one, your famous physics professor might be humble and fun to talk to, anything but supercilious. Most often, it's people who have no right to be arrogant, rude, and holier-than-thou who behave in the most supercilious ways. The Latin root supercilium means "haughty demeanor," but also "eyebrow" — as in an eyebrow raised in a haughty, supercilious expression. having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy "his mother eyed my clothes with a supercilious air" There was something sleek and new about him, about the fine cut of his suit, but his supercilious expression was the same, as was his hoarse voice. Meggie couldn't decide whether it was mocking, supercilious, or just awkward. He was even more thrilled with the reception the cyclotron was receiving on the skeptical and supercilious East Coast. Now he was a sturdy, straw haired man of thirty with a rather hard mouth and a supercilious manner. از روی خود خواهی

rancorous

The adjective rancorous comes in handy when you're describing someone's bitter grudge, like the attitude of your cousin who still won't speak to you after the April Fool's Day prank you played four years ago. A story can be rancorous, if it's full of resentment, and so can an argument, if it's particularly bitter and angry. The word rancorous can be traced back to the Latin word rancere, which means "to stink." This in turn led to rancorem, "bitterness or rancidness." When you speak to your arch enemy and your words are so angry and bitter that they almost stink, go ahead and describe them as rancorous. showing deep-seated resentment Synonyms: resentful What happened next in the history of human development is a matter of long and rancorous debate, as we shall see in the next chapter. Skepticism was forceful, even rancorous; arguments lasted for years, with critics charging that Dillehay's evidence was too low- quality to accept. "You buried the elf," he said, sounding unexpectedly rancorous. They chose the speeches because of their historic significance, but also because of their resonance in the current rancorous political climate. دارای عداوت و دشمنی دیرین

untoward

The adjective untoward describes something offensive or inappropriate, like the rumors of untoward behavior that can shatter a Hollywood icon's reputation. Untoward also describes things that are not good for you, such as untoward advice from someone your parents always said was a bad influence. Think about what you do when you move toward something: you get closer to it. Suppose you're moving toward a goal. You are, as they say, "on the right path." But when you add the prefix un- you reverse that, and you're no longer on the path to that goal — you're untoward. not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society "moved to curb their untoward ribaldry" synonyms: indecent, indecorous, unbecoming, uncomely, unseemly improper Thereafter, the whistle alone will deal with trespassing or any other untoward behaviour. Before leaving, the general also asked me my blood type, just in case anything untoward should happen the following day. My initial calculations suggested that I would do very well with my two jobs—in the long run, that is, and if nothing untoward occurred. But I'm saved from doing anything untoward by Miss Preston entering the room. ناخوشایند

base

The base of something is usually the foundation, starting point, or main ingredient of something. A soup base is the flavoring or broth you use to get your soup started. If you're a soldier, you might live on a base ("place where you're stationed"). When your unit plays softball, you must touch each base before scoring. The bottom of pentagon-shaped home plate is its base ("bottom"). Yelling at or pushing the umpire is considered base ("mean-spirited") behavior. At end of the season, your team might get a trophy, which sits on a base ("pedestal"), or a plaque made of brass, an alloy of zinc, which is base metal (it corrodes easily). lowest support of a structure "it was built on a base of solid rock" Comment A malaprop based on the similar sound and spelling, together with the shared meaning "brazenly." Smearing the grease liberally on top of the third step, Foremole inserted the flat metal tip against the base of the fifth step. Each afternoon Mrs. Sen lifted the blade and locked it into place, so that it met the base at an angle. Their relationship was based partially on personality and partially on trust. به معنای بدون اصول اخلای هم میشه پایین ترین

conciliate

The verb conciliate means to placate, appease, or pacify. If you are eating at a restaurant and the waiter accidentally spills a drink on you, the manager may try to conciliate you by picking up the tab for your meal. You may be more familiar with the term conciliation --it can mean the flowers you bring to conciliate your girlfriend after a fight, or a politician's conciliatory offer to fund a new playground to a community that's just lost its school. Conciliate comes from the Latin word conciliare, meaning "to unite." Conciliare in turn comes from the Latin word concilium, meaning "council." If you remember their common etymology, you can remember that, like council, conciliate is spelled with only one l. ause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of synonyms: appease, assuage, gentle, gruntle, lenify, mollify, pacify, placate Rather than conciliate Hearst, Smith went on the attack. At any rate "The Event" scratches for your attention now as it initially didn't, pitting a curvy, middle-aged female politician from Alaska against a composed, conciliating After the prayers he said: "I urge everyone to conciliate and help solve problems together." It is five unruly arms attached to a conciliating core. ارام کردن

aproach

To approach is to get near something. An airplane is cleared for a final approach just as the wheels approach the landing strip. Approach comes from the Latin word appropriare which means "go nearer to." You can physically approach something, like a waiter going to a table. Or, you can approach a subject, usually one you're a little nervous about — like a new employee might approach her boss about getting a raise. Time can also approach, like winter, midnight, or even old age. 1. vnmove towards2.vna close approximation3.vnbegin to deal with4.vncome near in time come near, come on, draw close, draw near, go up, near come near Kentucky is approaching a milestone of 200,000 virus cases since the start of the pandemic. Whether the Swiss approach will actually work will only be clear from the level of infections sometime in mid-January. A multilaterally-oriented approach recognizes that China and the U.S. operate in a global system and not in a two-way vacuum. I find this task-focused approach brings me back more quickly into the game after a few days away. نزدیک شدن

cite

To cite something means to do right by whoever said it and give them credit — for instance, if you add a brilliant statement to a paper but you're not the one who originally wrote it, you should cite, or point to, the original author. Using cite with the meaning "to reference" or "to note" is just one of several similar uses. A military or other official report can cite someone for an outstanding act of service, and a legal representative can cite individuals, or summon them, to show up in court. To cite a source when writing or verbally repeating something first spoken by someone else is to give a "citation" or "notation" that gives credit where credit is due. make reference to synonyms: advert, bring up, mention, name, refer The media was not interested in the story, citing "innocence fatigue." Many more vignettes illustrating this and other simple logical errors might be cited, but the point is clear enough: both innumeracy and defective logic provide a fertile soil for the growth of pseudoscience. No one should wonder if, in speaking of principalities that are completely new as to their ruler and form of government, I cite the greatest examples. Petersen's store cut back on deliveries, citing fuel and labor shortages. استناد کردن احضار به دادگاه

consult

To consult is to give or get help or advice. When you don't know the meaning of a word, you consult a dictionary. That's why you're here, right? People making a big decision will usually consult their family and friends. To consult can also mean a type of professional advice: a consultant is a freelance worker paid to help a business out with something. Consulting is a complicated word that can mean to give or receive advice. When in doubt, find someone you trust to consult. seek information from Synonyms: look up, refer Marv consulted experts in biochemistry and psychology to help mold Todd into the ideal physical specimen, "America's first test-tube athlete," as Sports Illustrated coined him. Sinnott said that the organization is working with a management consulting firm to assist "in implementing the resulting recommendations." Legal consulting was the campaign's second-biggest recount expense, according to the disclosure report. The city council said it was consulting over the site's future. مشورت کردن

embrace

To embrace something is to welcome it with open arms, hold, hug, accept completely. You might embrace your sweetheart, or even changes in technology. Embrace is from the French verb embrasser, which started out meaning "to clasp in the arms" (but now includes kissing). You embrace someone by giving her a giant hug, and when you embrace a new idea, it's like your brain gives it a hug. The noun and verb form are similar: If you embrace someone who isn't your sweetheart, you might get caught in an embrace. In Henry IV, Shakespeare writes about a really, really tight embrace: "I will embrace him with a soldier's arm/That he shall shrink under my courtesy." queeze (someone) tightly in your arms, usually with fondness "They embraced" synonyms: bosom, hug, squeeze It was actually kind of fun, and my friends embraced it. She opened her arms to the fire, embraced it, let it swallow her whole, let it cleanse her and temper her and scour her clean. While a handful of his colleagues embraced his cure, most of Philadelphia's doctors condemned his methods and dubbed Rush the "Prince of Bleeders." I struggled with how to pitch myself to Augustus Waters, which enthusiasms to embrace, and in the silence that followed it occurred to me that I wasn't very interesting. پذیرفتن

expunge

To expunge is to cross out or eliminate. After Nicholas proved he had been in school on the day in question, the absence was expunged from his record. Expunge is often something you do to a document. When government censors block out text in documents before making them public, they are expunging the text. You can also use the word in a more metaphorical sense. The principal tried to expunge all traces of bullying from the school by implementing a kindness initiative and treating all complaints as serious. emove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line synonyms: excise, scratch, strike Oracular ambiguity or statistical probability provides loopholes, and discrepancies are expunged by Faith. She felt obliterated, expunged from the room, and was relieved. When the Spanish governor tried to recruit the Hopi to live in missions, their leaders told him not to bother: the epidemic soon would expunge them from the earth. If these are unconscious, they need to be consciously expunged. حذف کردن از

manipulate

To manipulate something means to handle it skillfully, like the way a sculptor manipulates clay or a really good politician works a crowd. The verb manipulate evolved from manipulation, which back in the 1700s referred to a method of digging ore. So manipulating something originally only meant moving or arranging it by hand or mechanically. It wasn't until 1864 that people started using the word manipulate to describe someone exerting mental or emotional influence on others. influence or control shrewdly or deviously "He manipulated public opinion in his favor" synonyms: pull strings, pull wires So I created a new serum that will adjust your surroundings to manipulate your will. Those who refuse to accept our leadership must be closely monitored." DivergentI thought about how I tried to help her—enabled, I guess— how I kept her on life support, how she clung to me, how she lied and even manipulated her only son. When we were little, we practiced our second arcana by manipulating paint on a canvas, shaping clay on a pottery wheel, and molding fresh-dipped candlesticks, until we were able to transform them into treasures. No, she was tired of being a minor lady, waiting to be married off to the highest bidder, tired of petty politics and easily manipulated fools. اداره کردن

volley

When an attacking army lets loose a barrage of bullets all at once, it's called a volley. A volley of bullets, arrows, or rocks describes a large number of them being shot or thrown simultaneously. Another meaning of the noun volley involves just one projectile: a returned tennis ball, usually one that hasn't hit the ground before being smacked by a racket. The military meaning of volley has been around since the 1500's, while the sports meaning didn't arise until the late 1800's. The root word is the Latin volare, "to fly." rapid simultaneous discharge of firearms synonyms: burst, fusillade, salvo They let fly a volley at the ramparts, shouting bloodcurdling war cries. My eyes volley between her and the princess, who squirms and fusses with the ruffles of her dress. She cut the rope and a volley of beauty products sailed through the trees. We are a volley of bullets, sing the newest cadets, we are cannonballs. تیربار

catholic

When capitalized, Catholic refers to the Catholic Church. With a lower-case "c," catholic means "universal" and "inclusive." If you listen to anything from hip-hop to Baroque, you have catholic taste in music. When it entered the English language in the sixteenth century, catholic simply meant "general" or "common." Applied to the Western Church, it essentially meant "the Church universal," or the whole body of Christian believers, as opposed to separate congregations. After the Reformation, the Western Church called itself the Catholic Church to distinguish itself from communities of faith that were no longer obedient to Rome. This usage remains the most common, although you can still use catholic to mean general. comprehensive or broad-minded in tastes or interests; free from provincial prejudices or attachments "catholic in one's tastes" The words st. peter's catholic chaplaincy, university OF Nigeria seemed to twinkle as Amaka and I walked into the incense-scented church. But a strange and catholic selection of citizens tiptoed to the chapel door and peered in and went away—lawyers and laborers and clerks and bank tellers, most of them past middle age. His catholic tastes expressed themselves on albums like "Good Deal!" What bonded the musicians and audience members was a catholic embrace of anything intense and present. جامع

equivocate

When you are unwilling to make a decision and almost intentionally go back and forth between two choices, you are equivocating. When politicians equivocate, they are often afraid of upsetting, and thus alienating, voters with their decisions. A key part of equivocate is the root vocate, which comes from the Latin vocare or "voice." When you give your voice to two opposing views in order to mislead or keep your options open, you're equivocating. Think of the expression, to talk out of both sides of your mouth. If you want to go to a party and your parents keep saying "maybe, it depends," tell them to stop equivocating and give you a straight answer. be deliberately ambiguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information synonyms: beat around the bush, palter, prevaricate, tergiversate "Horatio, you speak like a philosopher who equivocates truth and falsehood," I said impatiently. She refused to equivocate on the issue of school desegregation, and in the Hispanic community she became an important, heroic voice. "Stay with hate," he urges the equivocating Tom. Ms. Harris equivocated a bit when asked her opinion of the real-world parallels, at least in terms of wardrobe, between Mrs. Trump and Mrs. Underwood. دوپهلو حرف زدن

ponderous

When you call Frankenstein ponderous, it's not because he likes to ponder the great questions of life. It's because he moves like a Mack truck, only slower and less gracefully. Ponderous also describes a person's manner, or their manner of speaking. If it does, this is a person you will want to avoid. They're solemn, speak slowly about things that are boring, and get to the punchline of a joke about seven years after anyone with half a brain has figured it out for themselves. having great mass and weight and unwieldiness "a ponderous stone" "a ponderous burden" "ponderous weapons" Synonyms:heavyof comparatively great physical weight or density But on a checkup visit, he was dismayed to find that the manager was focusing his sales effort not on Buicks but on ponderous Thomas Flyers. In the distance, a faint, ponderous beating of drums called. Then he took off with ponderous flight and circled and lowered, circled and lowered until the others danced in joy and hunger at his approach. His maester's collar was no simple metal choker such as Luwin wore, but two dozen heavy chains wound together into a ponderous metal necklace that covered him from throat to breast. سنگین

debunk

When you debunk something you show it to be false. Many magicians, including Houdini and Penn and Teller, have worked to debunk the idea that magic is anything other than a very clever illusion. To debunk something is to prove it wrong. The idea that music education is frivolous and should be the first item cut from the budget is something that music teachers work hard to debunk — in fact, they've done it by proving that students perform better in schools with strong music programs. The verb debunk was first used by an American writer, William Woodward, in 1923, to mean "take the bunk out of something." Bunk means "nonsense." expose while ridiculing; especially of pretentious or false claims and ideas "The physicist debunked the psychic's claims" synonyms: expose Many people use science to debunk religion, but Reverend Scheffler enlisted science to bolster his beliefs. Yet when language scholars try to debunk the spurious rules, the dichotomizing mindset imagines that they are trying to abolish all standards of good writing. Thankfully the rest of the world assumed that the Irish were crazy, a theory that the Irish themselves did nothing to debunk. The study also debunked the assumption that white drug dealers deal indoors, making their criminal activity more difficult to detect. نشون بدی که اشتباهه

vigorously

When you do something in a forceful or intense way, you do it vigorously. If you're trying to figure out which of your brothers ate the last of the cookies, it's probably the one who's denying it most vigorously. The adverb vigorously has the English root "vigor," which comes from the Latin word vigere, meaning to be lively or flourish. Synonyms for vigorously include energetically, forcefully, and strenuously. If you're trying to lose weight, you should eat fewer cookies and walk vigorously every day, and if you want to get your dishes really clean, you'll have to scrub them vigorously. ith vigor; in a vigorous manner "he defended his ideas vigorously" I soon began to protest vigorously against my circumstances and demanded to be put with the other political prisoners at Pretoria Local. Judith plumped matter-of-factly to her knees and began to pull vigorously. Percy threw Fred an extremely nasty look and stoked the fire vigorously to bring the kettle back to the boil. The younger boys ran vigorously while they were in Luma's field of vision. به شدت

claim

When you express your right to something, you're making a claim to it, like telling your sister, "This bowl of cereal is mine." A claim is when you express your right to something that belongs to you, like your medical records or the deed to your home. When you make a claim or claim something, you're demanding it or saying it's true. People claim dependents and deductions on their taxes. In court, you could claim you deserve money from an employer who cheated you. You could claim you can juggle chainsaws. With any kind of claim, you're going to have to prove it. assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing "He claimed that he killed the burglar" For the first time in my life I became aware of the life of the modern world, of vast cities, and I was claimed by it; I loved it. Yet the claim that the forest was shaped by people does not seem to leave room for anything else, anything bigger and deeper than humankind. We would deny the claims of murder and damage to innocent bystanders that the state alleged; either these claims were outright lies, or the incidents were the work of someone else. "If you claim Bigger Thomas is insane, the State will demand a jury trial. ..." دعوی

inroad

When you make an inroad, you advance into new territory. An attacking army might try to make an inroad into a neighboring country, for example. Intruding in another's space or advancing into a previously inaccessible area are both examples of inroads. The word is most often used in its plural form, like when your history teacher talks about the great inroads women have made politically in the past fifty years. The noun inroad was originally used only to talk about military movement, describing armies making hostile raids. The road part of inroad evolved from the word ride, so the word comes from "riding in." an encroachment or intrusion "they made inroads in the United States market" There was little doubt that Hispanics in Odessa, with their swelling population, were making inroads. It was midway through September when Ruth May made her inroads. Agent Wren made his own inroads, attending tribal gatherings and gleaning information from Osage who might not otherwise talk to a white lawman. Settlers from the US also began making inroads into Mexican territory through Mexico's land grant system. هجوم آوردن

reveal

When you make something visible or make it public information, you reveal it. For example, if you want to plan a picnic, wait until forecasters reveal the weather that is predicted. The verb reveal comes from the Latin word revelare meaning "unveil," like when you take off your hat to reveal your new haircut, or when you reveal information about your past that will shock or amuse your friends. You might also be familiar with the noun form of reveal, makeover show-speak for the moment viewers see the newly renovated room or someone's dramatic new look, as in saving the reveal for the end of the show so people keep watching. make visible synonyms: bring out, uncover, unveil Whereas both Haydn and Mozart aimed to reveal human emotions through the filter of a gentlemanly, well-bred composure, the funeral march in Eroica is remarkable for the unflinching grip of its mood. His quickly pushing the bases together in a number of different ways did not reveal any other way to satisfy Chargaff's rules. The green trim of his jacket reveals he's from the mercantile House of Clothiers, and as such is ineligible to be her fiancé. They move on to the day's rehearsal, starting with one of the more haunting scenes, in which Julia's character reveals to the other girls the secret of her father's abuse. آشکار کردن

trial

When you run a series of tests on something, it's called a trial. If you invent a computer game and want to run it through a trial before releasing it, you might hire a bunch of teenagers to play it. A trial is also a court hearing to legally determine the result of a particular case. If your cousin is arrested for stealing her neighbor's dog, she may be put on trial. This term can also be used more generically, especially to talk about something being tried in the court of public opinion. The fate of music education is on trial in many school districts facing budget cuts. the act of testing something "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately" "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" synonyms: run, test the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty" "most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial" I mean, if I was on trial for my life I'd want my lawyer to tear the prosecution witnesses to shreds, or at least to try. I'd spent several intense hours on death row earlier in the day with Walter going over his trial transcript. We parked across a bayou east of the courthouse and walked over the bayou bridge and into the crowd waiting for the trial to begin. 5A large number of ANC members were charged by the authorities, and a trial was set for the island's administrative court. آزمایش

vicissitude

When you talk of the vicissitudes of life, you're referring to the difficult times that we all go through: sickness, job loss, and other unwelcome episodes. No one can escape the vicissitudes of life. While vicissitude comes from the Latin vicis, which means "change" and technically can mean a change of any kind, you'll find that vicissitude is almost always used to talk about an unfortunate event or circumstance. Losing a pet, crashing the car, being called in for jury duty: these are examples of vicissitudes — chapters in one's life that one would rather avoid but must get through. Some lives have more vicissitudes than others, to be sure, but no life is without events that test and challenge us. a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something "the project was subject to the usual vicissitudes of exploratory research" It thus remained dependent on the power of the State, exacting a double allegiance from the faithful and sharing the vicissitudes of political power. At the time we met, I was writing an article about the vicissitudes of aging. European philosophers like Thomas Hobbes and René Descartes, seeking to build a foundation of truth that was separable from the vicissitudes of emotion, articulated sharp divisions between war and peace, mind and body. Mr. Meyer opens with Gibbon's words about how the vicissitudes of fortune defeat the most magisterial human achievements. فراز و نشیب زندگی

bearing

When you walk into a room with your shoulders straight and your head up, people might say you have a noble bearing. Bearing is the way you hold your body, and it often means you hold it well. Bearing has many uses, but they mostly involve support and/or direction. Bearing, for example, is the name given to a mechanical part that supports a moving joint — like a ball bearing. In buildings, bearings are walls or beams that support the building. In the same way, when you carry your body, you are bearing yourself up. Bearing also is used to talk about direction and travel: you could step off the sidewalk and nearly be run over by a car bearing north. relevant relation or interconnection And pulling Dumbledore's uninjured arm around his shoulders, Harry guided his headmaster back around the lake, bearing most of his weight. The cameras zoomed in on a column of storm bearing down on some Midwest city. Before they went another mile, they passed a boat bearing two men dressed in work clothes. She moans and opens her eyes, looks about, and gets her bearings. نسبت

malfeasance

Whenever you see the prefix "mal-," you know it's not good. Malfeasance is bad behavior, especially from officials or people who should know better. If nothing else, the mal- in malfeasance will alert you to the fact that something bad is going on. If you know French, fease-, faise- will ring a bell, as it often means "to do." You can probably then infer that malfeasance means "to do bad." Today, it's usually a bad deed done by an official or an organization. You wouldn't accuse a dog who peed on the carpet of malfeasance, but you would accuse a mayor who took a bribe of malfeasance. wrongful conduct by a public official I arrived in the Masters' Hall early and was relieved to find the atmosphere much more relaxed than when I'd gone on the horns for malfeasance against Hemme. "You're awfully thick to be the Arcanum's bright new star. Think it through. Would I stay in business if I made a habit of malfeasance?" "This malfeasance must be stopped" was what the unassuming janitor Alfred T. Slipper always said before he was transformed into the amazing Incandesto and became a towering, crime-fighting pillar of light. Well, perfection was subjective—Rowan certainly wouldn't call the man a perfect scythe—but there was nothing in Goddard's repertoire of malfeasance that would suggest he would murder Faraday. تخلف

maneuver

You maneuver your way through a crowd, a bureaucracy, traffic, or traffic cones. You can maneuver a car or a piece of machinery. Army maneuvers are highly coordinated movements of troops, supplies and machinery. If you're wondering if the opposite of maneuver is woman-euver, wonder no further. It isn't. Although maneuvering often involves a man on the move, the man- comes from the Latin manus meaning "hand." Maneuver reached English via the French manœuvre meaning "tactical movement" — an interesting maneuver in its own right. a military training exercise synonyms: manoeuvre, simulated military operation see more noun a plan for attaining a particular goal synonyms: manoeuvre, tactic, tactics مانور دادن

frontal

belonging to the front part "a frontal appendage" Synonyms:anteriorof or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body "I'll be here. You've got to get him into view of my laptop cam before doing your spiel. We need to get a frontal view on tape." Holding it in front of both of us, I point to the most completed sketch, a frontal view. In this sense, the Art of Fugue and the St. Matthew Passion were, for the evolving organism of human thought, feathered wings, apposing thumbs, new layers of frontal cortex. The concern isn't limited to children, but many scholars say they are more vulnerable because their frontal lobes are still developing. پیشانی هم معنی میده

air

broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television "We cannot air this X-rated song" synonyms: beam, broadcast, send, transmit see more verb be broadcast "This show will air Saturdays at 2 P.M." see more verb make public "She aired her opinions on welfare"

disinformation

misinformation that is deliberately disseminated in order to influence or confuse rivals (foreign enemies or business competitors etc.) see lesstype of: misinformation information that is incorrect "All our booster technology is classified information. The Ministry of State Security even spreads disinformation about our capabilities. This is for obvious reasons." This was standard operating procedure; in a crisis, the authorities inevitably started a disinformation campaign to play one section against the other. V/e even used the state's eavesdropping to our advantage by supplying them with disinformation. Given that corruption seemed to permeate every institution in Osage County, these sources might be intentionally spreading disinformation in order to اطلاعات غلط

cut off

remove by or as if by cutting "cut off the ear" synonyms: chop off, lop off He will be cut off if the bluecoats in the pasture continue their advance. Together they dragged on Boots's throat till he felt his air cut off, felt himself choking. He said that he usually wore long sleeves, so they cut off his hand and sent him on his way to spread fear and warnings throughout the countryside. Aphthonius, public access to the rooms of the daughter library containing books on pagan religion was cut off by the early fourth century. قطع کردن

disparage

term-25 If you haven't got anything nice to say, then it's time to disparage someone. It means to belittle or degrade a person or idea. Disparage is a specific way to describe a certain kind of insult, the kind that secures the insulter's place as superior. It often refers to an opinion or criticism lobbed in print or via word of mouth, not necessarily an act done to someone's face. If someone or something is being disparaged, you will often find a competing interest in the wings. express a negative opinion of "She disparaged her student's efforts" synonyms: belittle, pick at On social media and in some newspaper comment sections, they used disparaging and stereotypical ways of talking about Indigenous peoples in the camps. Rule one: disparaging remarks are punishable by early dismissal. Classrooms, hallways, courtyard, lunchroom—everywhere I went I heard her disparaged, mocked, slurred. As is the Chinese cook's custom, my mother always made disparaging remarks about her own cooking. تخریب کردن یک نفر