GRE 3

parvenu

A parvenu is an upstart, somebody who's suddenly rich but doesn't fit into his new social status. If you're a parvenu, people might also describe you as "nouveau-riche" or an "arriviste." Maybe it's not quite so insulting in French. The Beverly Hillbillies, a sitcom from the 1960s, featured the Clampetts, classic parvenus who strike oil in their backwoods swampland. They arrive at their mansion in Beverly Hills, dressed in overalls, in their pick-up truck, with their shabby furniture strapped on top. As parvenus, they don't fit in — to say the least. Parvenu is from French, and it's the past participle of parvenir, "arrived." a person who has suddenly risen to a higher economic status but has not gained social acceptance of others in that class synonyms:arriviste, nouveau-riche, upstart The old Arab elite looked upon these parvenus with deep hostility, fearing to lose its unique status and identity. Who, today, remembers that the Vanderbilts were once grubby parvenus? More than any support for Jews, fascist anti-racism of the early '30s reflected the Duce's desire to portray Italian fascism as different from and superior to the ideas being propagated by the parvenu Hitler. Mario was extraordinarily kind to me when I began writing and performing satirical songs in the late '80s that cheekily skewered some of the wealthy Park Avenue parvenus who happened to be his clients. تازه بدوران رسیده

remnant

A remnant is something that's left over, once the rest is used up. If you plan to sew a shirt using only a remnant, it might have to be a midriff shirt. The noun remnant can also be used to refer to leftover things other than cloth. The origin of the word might help you remember this, more all-purpose, meaning — it comes from the French remanant, which means "to remain." Think of it this way: a remnant is something that remains, or is left behind. For example, the remnants from the ancient battle gave archaeologists clues from which to infer what had happened. a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists synonyms:dregs, leftover Hattie laughed, scraping her spoon around her empty bowl for the last remnants of porridge. Their living room smells like garlic and onion, maybe remnants from that night's dinner. The remnants of the day's light tangle in the sky. I said again, as Sycorax and Caliban ran over my foot—over my foot!—and headed into the Coat Room, where they threw themselves into the pile of fungused lunch remnants. باقیمانده

adjacent

Adjacent means close to or near something. You may consider the people up and down your street to be neighbors, but your next-door neighbor is the person who lives in the house or apartment adjacent to yours. Adjacent can refer to two things that touch each other or have the same wall or border. And the adjective is often followed by the preposition to: Her office is adjacent to mine. This word is from Latin adjacere "to lie near," from the prefix ad- "to" plus jacere "to lie, throw." having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching synonyms:conterminous, contiguous, neighboring There was a small empty space below the entertainment module, between the prefab wall of my hab-unit and the one adjacent to it. Those Fertile Crescent crops spread into climatically similar adjacent areas of North Africa and laid the foundations for the rise of ancient Egyptian civilization. On the west side, the observation train jolted to a stop adjacent to the line of stake boats. Bits of leftover food splattered onto the ground and the adjacent wall.

imbroglio

An imbroglio is a complicated or confusing personal situation. To rephrase the J. Geils band song, "Love Stinks," if you love her and she loves him and he loves somebody else, you've got quite an imbroglio. شرایط پیچیده شرایط پیچیده و خجالت آور

intention

An intention is idea that you plan (or intend) to carry out. If you mean something, it's an intention. Your goal, purpose, or aim is your intention. It's something you mean to do, whether you pull it off or not. You may have the best intention of cooking an incredible meal, but if you leave the burner on and burn the house down, you will not be remembered as an excellent chef. When a father asks his daughter's boyfriend "What are your intentions?" that means something specific: Does he want to marry her? an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions "good intentions are not enough" synonyms:aim, design, intent, mission, purpose I did not ascribe any intentions to these men. Maybe Dauntless was formed with good intentions, with the right ideals and the right goals. But her good intentions clashed with her need to talk with her uncle about the things that preoccupied her. He went ashore one Saturday with no intention of ever returning to Greece. قصد

phantasmagorical

Anything phantasmagorical feels or looks like a crazy dream. If you see a psychedelic music video that looks like it was shot through a kaleidoscope, you can call it phantasmagorical. A phantasmagorical film is surreal and strange, rather than straightforward and literal (think the Beatles' "Yellow Submarine"), and phantasmagorical paintings are equally full of odd, impressionistic images, colors, and designs. If you have a phantasmagorical nightmare, it might be hard to describe to another person, it's so weird and fantastic. The adjective phantasmagorical comes from phantasmagoria, the name given to a "magic lantern" show in 1802, from the Greek phantasma, "apparitition." characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions synonyms:phantasmagoric, surreal, surrealistic unrealistic He seemed to view the social world as a phantasmagorical mechanism, running on posture and pretense. And yet these phantasmagorical, philosophical stories are grounded in the streets and rooms Krzhizhanovsky inhabited. Parts one and two both end in phantasmagorical and unlikely ways—these dénouements almost dissolve on your eyelids. Astronauts travel to the moon, where they encounter a phantasmagorical lunar landscape of Carrollian mushrooms, cosmic rain showers and bizarre extraterrestrials. خیالی

fascinate

Anything that sparks your interest or makes you wonder has the ability to fascinate. If you catch someone's interest, and then hold it, you fascinate them. Be careful. The word fascinate actually comes from Latin and French words meaning "witchcraft," and although these days fascinate is used under much tamer circumstances, there is some sense in the word that the person's appeal is not quite normal: there might be a spell-like quality to his or her charms. Thus, the word is often used to describe a new love. On the other hand, you might find the study of exotic beetles fascinating. To each his own. attract; cause to be enamored synonyms:becharm, beguile, bewitch, captivate, capture, catch, charm, enamor, enamour, enchant, entrance, trance "Hello," whispered Montag, fascinated as always with the dead beast, the living beast. I both fascinated and confused her; in short, I was too much for her. What she learned of these women's lives fascinated but also shocked and appalled her. In addition to radios, I'd also become fascinated by how cars worked, especially how petrol operated an engine. مجذوب کردن

compelling

Compelling means attractive, or irresistible, or really, really convincing. You know your argument for backpacking across Europe is compelling when your parents not only let you go but also pay for all your expenses. To compel is to drive or force into action--you mom could compel you to finish your homework by threatening not to feed you until it's done. A compelling argument compels you to agree with its logic--it's irresistible. That cute skirt you've been eyeing for months is now 75% off? The price is a compelling reason to buy the skirt. driving or forcing "compelling ambition" Synonyms:powerful tending to persuade by forcefulness of argument "new and compelling evidence" Synonyms:persuasive Never mind that white children on the other side of town who made precisely the same choices—often for less compelling reasons—are in fact going to college. But there is no compelling evidence for telepathy, and the communication of such information remains the task of artists and writers. The durability of the empire is compelling evidence that the assets outweighed the liabilities. "They were financed by a multimillionaire and backed by many influential politicians. It was a compelling idea, to return to the past. It also appealed to a desire to preserve the spirit of Africa." متقاعد کننده جذاب

cupidity

Cupidity means a burning desire to have more wealth than you need. Though it sounds like it might have something to do with the little winged figure who shoots arrows and makes folks fall in love on Valentine's Day, cupidity is all about the love of money. It comes to us from Latin cupidus, which means "desirous." It's not a word that crops up a lot in conversation, though you might run across it in newspapers and magazines, particularly those blaming Wall Street's unbridled cupidity for America's economic woes. extreme greed for material wealth synonyms:avarice, avariciousness, covetousness The coins in his hand, he stared at her, helpless before his own cupidity. "Vengeance" once again leads Quirke into his favorite kind of trouble: "yet another morass of human cupidity and deceit," involving the deaths of powerful men and the foxy insolence of their glamorous widows. Of his various alleged offenses, the author insists that they are "a mystery of iniquity too complicated to be unravelled, too black to be conceived. . . . His cupidity seemed to augment in proportion to his acquisitions." Lesson 2 is about the cupidity of Congress. طمع

deliberately

Deliberately means on purpose. For example, you may have noticed how the schoolyard bully deliberately chose to pick on the smallest kids at recess. The adverb deliberately originates from the Latin word deliberatus, meaning "resolved upon, determined." Used to describe an action made intentionally, it can also mean doing something in a careful, thoughtful manner. You probably cringed when the pitcher deliberately hurled the ball into the star batter's leg so he would walk rather than hitting another home run. Or perhaps you witnessed a college professor stroking his beard deliberately in response to a classmate's challenging question. in a deliberate unhurried manner "she was working deliberately" synonyms:measuredly with intention; in an intentional manner synonyms:advisedly, by choice, by design, designedly, intentionally, on purpose, purposely She said the name deliberately and was rewarded by his startled eyes. Then as if deliberately the fire dies down again. Deliberately he threw the lever of the rifle, and then he raised the gun and aimed deliberately and fired. To his parents it's as if he is deliberately wearing a crown of thorns, giving himself pain. عمدا برنامه ریزی شده به یک چیزی برسی

disabuse

Disabuse means to free someone of a belief that is not true. Many teachers of health find that when they teach, they spend as much energy disabusing kids of false beliefs as they do giving them the facts. Disabuse is often connected to the word notion or idea. In singing lessons, you must disabuse young singers of the idea that they can sing better by singing louder. In the first year of college, many people are disabused of the notion that their experiences are universal — by meeting so many people who have had different experiences or come from different backgrounds. free somebody (from an erroneous belief) Blanca tried to disabuse him of his error, explaining that neither she nor her work contained a drop of Indian blood, but the language barrier prevented him from understanding her point of view. "Do nothing to disabuse the public of this notion." Indeed, they felt it their duty to disabuse me of my weaponized history. He never claimed to be that which he was not, but did not disabuse people of their assumptions. از حقیقت اگاه کردن کسی رو از عقیده اشتباه آزاد کردن

perception

Each generation has a different perception — view, idea or understanding — of what is cool. You wouldn't want to walk around in the paisley patterns of the 1960s or the big hair of the 1980s today! Based on the Latin root cipere, "to grasp," perception refers to the way you take in the world through your senses. Have you ever thought a stair was bigger than it really was so your step was too heavy? Your depth perception was off. The noun also means the opinions and beliefs you've formed about something. Your perception of your room after you've cleaned it is different than your parents' — you see clean and they probably don't. the process of perceiving becoming aware of something via the senses synonyms:sensing Oppenheimer was rare among theorists in conceding value to the uncomplicated perception of nature, free of abstractions, that happened to be Lawrence's approach. Still, it was a small price to pay for better depth perception. There was an idea that hovered at the edge of his perception. With his usual flare for improvisation, Bloom contributed something else that would forever color America's perception of the Middle East. ادراک احساس

equity

Equity is the state or quality of being fair. In classrooms, it's important to establish equity as any hint of unfairness turns everyone against the teacher. In finance, equity refers to the value of a business or piece of property after subtracting the amount of the mortgage. Also in finance, equities are stocks, in contrast to bonds. Equity is from Middle English equite, from Old French équité, from Latin aequitas "equality," from aequus "equal." he quality of being fair, reasonable, or impartial synonyms:fairness the ownership interest of shareholders in a corporation see more noun the difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it "You're the one always talking about equity this and equity that. Here's your chance. Start a new tradition. Rate the boys." He was so smitten he went back every day for a week, making up dumb questions about home equity loans and IRAs. "Well, I told you people about it when I sent on down the equity," returned Etta. They create the appearance of racial equity without the reality and do so at no great cost, without fundamentally altering any of the structures that create racial inequality in the first place. تساوی حقوق انصاف

frustrating

Frustrating things are the ones that discourage or disappoint you. It's frustrating to finally get your driver's license only to realize you can't afford to pay for insurance on your car. If you find people frustrating, it's often because they refuse to help or listen to you. You might find it frustrating to talk to your cranky grandfather or to be called the wrong name day after day by your forgetful English teacher. Frustrating situations are usually ones that keep you from achieving your goals. The Latin root word is frustrari, "to deceive or disappoint," from frustra, "in vain or in error." I said no to the assignment only because I thought it would be unbearably frustrating to spend two months in the shadow of Everest without ascending higher than Base Camp. After a few frustrating attempts to get help for mental and physical problems, they often walked away, convinced the government didn't care. This is as it should be, but I sometimes found it frustrating. "I'm sorry, Holmesy, I shouldn't say that. It's just frustrating sometimes." خسته کننده اذیت کننده

hedge

Hedge can also be used as a verb. If someone asks you a question and you hedge, you're avoiding a straight answer. If you're not sure what your boss's political views are, you can hedge by not revealing yours. If you hedge your bets, you're trying to minimize risk or loss — that is, you're trying to cover yourself no matter what happens. avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues) synonyms:circumvent, dodge, duck, elude, evade, fudge, parry, put off, sidestep, skirt طفره زدن در پاسخ

portion

If a friend asks you to invest in her new start-up in exchange for a portion, or part, of the company's profits, consider the agreement carefully. Remember, a portion of zero is still zero. Portion can also refer to the amount of food provided for each person at a meal. If you're reviewing a restaurant, for example, you'll want to take note of the portion size. In addition, portion can be used as a verb meaning "divide and distribute something." At birthday parties, we find it odd that the person celebrating her birthday is expected to perform the annoying task of portioning her own cake (perhaps it's so she can claim the biggest portion). something determined in relation to something that includes it "I read a portion of the manuscript" synonyms:component, component part, constituent, moiety, part What was our kitchen, hallway, bathroom, my bedroom, my father's study and our front room, was here the portion of the synagogue where the worshipers sat. They proposed that each of their church's ministers would pay a small portion of his income into the fund, which would invest the money. As an abandoned wagon hid her from his view, she saw him push against a portion of the wall. A portion of the Hercules Cluster of galaxies, with about 300 known members, retreating from our region of the Cosmos at some 10,000 kilometers per second. سهم قسمت پرس غذا

influx

If there is a forceful flowing inward or coming in, you can say there is an influx. Every fall, the college town sees an influx of students and the population jumps 30 percent. Although anything flowing inward can be called an influx, there are several things this word is commonly used to refer to: water, people, and cash. The dam burst, causing an influx of water to the already swollen river. You just managed to avoid the influx of people mobbing the store looking to be the first to buy the newest gaming system. Try to avoid a financial plan like this: once you win the lottery, you'll use the influx of cash to pay off debts. the process of flowing in synonyms:inflow It is foolish, and fortunately impossible, to choke off the influx of new words and freeze English vocabulary in its current state, thereby preventing its speakers from acquiring the tools to share new ideas efficiently. But the sheer size of the influx— over 400,000 a year, with no end in sight—creates a problem all its own. Have these precautions been put in place because of the recent influx of immigrants? There was so much money to be made that drug gangs rapidly expanded their ranks, sucking in some of our best friends, and turf wars became deadly, aided by the influx of sophisticated firearms. هجوم ورود زیاد

impecunious

If you are hard up, broke, penniless, or strapped for cash, you could describe yourself as impecunious. Then maybe you could make some money teaching vocabulary words. بی پول

palimpsest

If you are writing fast and hastily erase something not quite all the way and continue writing right over the smudgy bit, then you've created a palimpsest — which means you can see traces of the earlier writing mixed in with the new. The noun palimpsest originally described a document, such as a page from a manuscript written on parchment, that had been rubbed smooth so it could be used again, with traces of the original writing showing through. The word still carries that meaning, but ancient manuscripts are rare these days, so you're more likely to hear palimpsest used to describe something that has traces of early stages showing through, like "the palimpsest of an urban neighborhood" — in which hints of earlier styles and designs are still evident among the new highrises. a manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible All history was a palimpsest, scraped clean and reinscribed exactly as often as was necessary. But the most likely case is that interstellar communication will be a kind of palimpsest, like the palimpsests of ancient writers short of papyrus or stone who superimposed their messages on top of preexisting messages. And then, deeper in the palimpsest, underneath the announcement signal and the primer, would be the real message. The resulting palimpsest reflects the contradictions and possibilities of American cinema in the 21st century. چیزی که آثاری از مراحل اولیه را نشان می دهد

pronounce

If you have a teacher who asks the class to call him "Mr. B," it's probably because his name is really hard to pronounce. When you pronounce a word, you sound it out. When you say something in a particular way, you pronounce it. The verb pronounce has another meaning, too — "to declare formally." It's not too different from announcing something, but it implies something more official and solemn — just think of the phrase "I now pronounce you husband and wife." "Oatmeal," I said, pronouncing the word in English. Seconds later, I heard Justice's strangled voice pronounce the same phrase. Somebody would inevitably high-kick when it was time for spirit fingers, the timing was off on the contagion, and the whole thing was such a disaster that Petra pronounced it "so dinner theater on Mars." His gray hair looks more sparse than the last time Gogol remembers, his potbelly more pronounced. رسما بیان کردن تلفظ کردن

sybarite

If you know someone who's totally addicted to luxurious things and all of life's pleasures, call her a sybarite. Unless she's inviting you over for champagne brunches and showering you with gifts — in which case you should keep your mouth shut. عیاش کسی که مریض لذت و لاگژری هستش

tend

If you manage, run, or work at a store, you can say you tend it. If you tend the bar in a restaurant, for example, you serve drinks, dry glasses, and fill dishes with pretzels. You can also say you tend something if you care for it. You have to tend a vegetable garden, for example, if you expect to harvest more vegetables than weeds. If you are inclined to do something, then you tend to do that thing. You might tend to let your homework go until the last minute and then stay up all night to get it done — probably not the most efficient way to go about it. have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined "She tends to be nervous before her lectures" synonyms:be given, incline, lean, run The varsity jackets tended to blend into one big mass. Modern drawings of ancient cities tend to show them at an imagined apogee, the great monuments all splendidly arrayed together, perfect as architectural models. Two kneeling women, closely united, tend a single child. Here too, a "genetic memory" was evident: the children and grandchildren of famine-starved individuals tended to develop metabolic illnesses, as if their genomes carried some recollection of their grandparents' metabolic travails. تمایل هرس کردن شاغل بودن

presume

If you presume something, it means you act as though it's true before all the evidence is in. If you are presumed to be the fastest runner, don't get too cocky — that word implies that you haven't actually raced yet. To presume is to take something for granted. The famous quote "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" comes from the explorer Henry Morton Stanley, who ran into the explorer David Livingstone in the wilds of Africa in 1871. It's funny because these were the only two white men known to be in that part of Africa at the time. take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof synonyms: assume, take for granted Doctors presumed her crippling migraine headaches were caused by unacknowledged grief and guilt. He was free as a bird, rich, and best of all presumed dead. But such ignoble enticements were less a factor than many critics might presume. "It means—" "Do not presume to tell me what it means!" the mayor cried. فرض کردن

sententious

If you speak in sententious phrases, your listeners are probably falling asleep, as your speech is pompous and pretentious, and full of moralistic babble. When sententious first appeared in English — back in the late Middle Ages — it meant "full of wisdom," but now it usually has a negative sense, meaning heavy handed and self-important. The sententious blowhard makes people laugh, and you can probably think of at least three cartoon characters who fit the bill — often a politician or minister who drones on and on, oblivious to the fact that his audience is snickering or trying to sneak out. abounding in or given to pompous or aphoristic moralizing ""too often the significant episode deteriorates into sententious conversation"- Kathleen Barnes" Synonyms:pretentious Until the beginning of the 18th century, quotation marks were used in England only to call attention to sententious remarks. The prevailing tone is, as a result, a bit official, sententious and uplifting, redolent of an extended St Patrick's Day speech by a gifted American politician. And the endless iteration of the sententious "we tell ourselves stories in order to live" seems to be a testament to that. Aestheticism combated the popular anecdotal, sentimental, morally sententious art of the Victorians. نصیحت امیز

biennial

If you're just as fanatical about the luge as you are about beach volleyball, you probably know that the Olympic Games are on a biennial schedule. Every two years, either the Summer or the Winter Olympics takes place. Don't mistake biennial for biannual, which means "twice a year." Annoying? Yes, but other words containing the prefix bi- are even more troublesome. For example, bimonthly can mean either "twice a month" or "every two months." To avoid confusion, you can use the prefix semi- to mean "twice during a certain time period." So, it's correct to say that the Olympics occurs on a biennial schedule, not on a semiannual (or biannual) one. occurring every second year "they met at biennial conventions" synonyms:biyearly The practice of conducting biennial "numberings" of royal properties was as distinctively Egyptian as hieroglyphics, going back at least to the turn of the third millennium. Once the first two crates were completed, I carried them down to the art museum for consideration in their upcoming juried biennial. In a city with employment upheaval on a biennial basis, Tom's the guy who knows where the jobs are. In 2008 Mr. Bradford spent time there working on a temporary public sculpture — an ark built from scrap materials in the flood-flattened Lower Ninth Ward — commissioned for the city's new contemporary-art biennial, Prospect 1. دو ساله

prompt

If you're prompt, you're on time. Go ahead and be prompt to class. Also, to prompt is to inspire or make happen. Getting in trouble for being late should prompt you to get a better alarm clock. The adjective prompt can mean "as scheduled," or simply "quick." When you prompt someone, you motivate them in some way: you might offer a reminder, assistance, or even inspiration to do something. For example, honking your car horn prompts your friend to get moving, and speaking up in defense of your classmate might prompt a bully to change his ways. If a director prompts an actor who's forgotten his lines, she reminds him what comes next. according to schedule or without delay; on time "the train is prompt" Synonyms:punctual give an incentive for action synonyms:actuate, incite, motivate, move, propel affect, impress, move, strike All of which prompted him to begin, also without any evidence, to start publicly announcing the names of individuals he claimed were Communists. My heart pounds, like it already knows an answer I can't face without prompting. Once my identity was verified, the Gregarious Simulation Systems logo appeared in front of me, followed by the log-in prompt. The drugs became scarce, which prompted state correctional authorities to obtain them illegally, without complying with FDA rules that regulate the interstate sale and transfer of drugs. تشویق یه کاری کردن سر وقت بودن سریع

invective

Invective is harsh, abusive language, like "you dirty rotten scoundrel." I'm sure you can think of harsher and more obscene examples, but we won't get into them here. Invective comes from the Latin for "abusive." It kind of sounds like a harsh word, actually, with those sharp, dagger-like V's. People usually put a colorful verb or phrase before it. Some examples: "She spewed invective," "She hurled invective," "She burst forth into invective." You can follow it with a phrase like, "picking up her plate and throwing it across the room." abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will synonyms:vitriol, vituperation Cicero's gift for invective was as important then as it is to speakers today. Cora heard her going about her duties, sighing to herself and muttering invectives toward her absent employers. Etymologically, "invective" is a cavalry charge, and when Cicero hit a gallop, woe betide whoever was in the way. Dad's mood was contagious, and soon the mates were as dogmatic and as full of invective as he, when dealing with the sneaking pickpockets and rum-palsied derelicts who were their subordinates. ناسزا گویی

execrate

Just when you thought you knew every word in the book for hate, here's a new one: execrate. The word means to despise or also to curse. curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine punishment نفرت شدید نفرین کردن

oblivion

Oblivion is the state of being forgotten. If you slip into oblivion after selling one record, then your only hope is becoming a "VH1 one-hit wonder." Oblivion can also mean "total forgetfulness" — like what patients with dementia or new parents feel. If you find yourself putting the crackers in the fridge and milk in the cupboards, or forgetting your own phone number, you might be experiencing oblivion. Enjoy it while it lasts the state of being disregarded or forgotten synonyms: limbo Anyone in a tall building in Omaha or Des Moines, say, who chanced to look in the right direction would see a bewildering veil of turmoil followed by instantaneous oblivion. Horatio's words filled my veins with sorrow and touched my heart like the quickest poison, bringing blackness like the oblivion of death. In 2010 another lost sibling was rescued from oblivion, when scientists excavating the Denisova Cave in Siberia discovered a fossilised finger bone. And she reached for her lull, and downed her gray oblivion. فراموشی گمنامی

remonstrate

Remonstrate means to call someone on something that's wrong. If your mother yells at you in public, you might call this getting chewed out. She might call it remonstrating. Either way, it's embarrassing. Remonstrate has its roots in a Latin verb meaning "to show," and it used to mean "to make plain." Which is why remonstrate is a word that puts the glow of respectability on the action of yelling at someone or telling them that they're wrong. The sense is that the person remonstrating is the victim — they're just making the injustice plain. present and urge reasons in opposition synonyms:point out argue in protest or opposition We began to remonstrate; but he walked away, calling orders, and we heard Olakunde's drum bidding us fall in. Then, when Rob's wife went to remonstrate with him, he hit her, hard, in the face. The Serjeant recommended we break furniture; our hostess's wife remonstrated that this was not to our purpose. I remonstrated with him and said that it was the tradition of the ANC to work with anyone who was against racial oppression. به یکی بگش یک چیزی اشتباهه نشان دادن اعتراض کردن

residue

Residue is anything that's left over when a substance has been removed, like the grease left over on a frying pan. It can also mean, simply, "remainder." When residue refers to a liquid, it's what's left at the bottom of a bottle, a pot, or a can after the rest has been poured out. Legally, the residue is the remainder of the money in an estate, after bills and taxes have been paid. So if your millionaire aunt leaves you her estate, but didn't pay any bills for the last ten years, you may not get much residue! matter that remains after something has been removed He rubbed more of the powder residue between his fingertips. The essence of pearl mixed with essence of men and a curious dark residue was precipitated. Yossarian gorged himself in the mess hall until he thought he would explode and then sagged back in a contented stupor, his mouth filmy with a succulent residue. The advantages of such control over chemicals are obvious: it is relatively inexpensive, it is permanent, it leaves no poisonous residues. باقیمانده پس مانده

peculiar

Something peculiar is notably unusual. If your friend starts saying strange things you don't understand, ask her why she's suddenly become peculiar. Peculiar comes from the Latin peculiaris, meaning one's own, or personal. In English, it originally meant belonging to one person, private, like your fondness for your peculiar hairbrush. It also had the meaning of something unlike others, special, or remarkable. Eventually we mostly stopped using it for belongings, instead using peculiar to mean unusual or odd. beyond or deviating from the usual or expected "the peculiar aromatic odor of cloves" synonyms:curious, funny, odd, queer, rum, rummy, singular strange, unusual "Those are a peculiar class of lotus blossoms. The smell is intoxicating, the taste divine. A tiny nibble of a single petal carries you away into a lethargic trance populated by vivid hallucinations." The lady watched him, still smiling, and then, catching Lyd- die's eye, smiled even more broadly, as though to imply that Lyddie was a comrade in some peculiar way. She wanted to see Abelman victorious; she would see in the victory some peculiar justification. He shuts the hall door, locks it, puts the key in his pocket and I think, Aren't Englishmen very peculiar. عجیب و غریب خاص

prolonged

Something prolonged is long and drawn-out — it's taking longer than it should. A prolonged wait is usually annoying. If a fan throws a drink on the court during a basketball game and it takes an hour to clean it up, and then another hour to re-wax the floor, and then another hour for the players to warm up again...that's a prolonged delay. Anything prolonged has been stretched out further than it should be. America's war with Vietnam was prolonged much longer than anyone expected. If something is tedious, time-consuming, and feels like it's taking forever, it's prolonged. relatively long in duration; tediously protracted "a prolonged and bitter struggle" synonyms:drawn-out, extended, lengthy, protracted The face that peered back at me seemed to be peering from the grating of a prison cell after a prolonged beating. I remember the close of each of those weekend nights as a prolonged farewell. He is annoyed at the prolonged guessing game. I'd rather be shot dead than face such a horrible, prolonged death! طولانی مدت بیش از حد طول کشیده

proper

Something proper is correct or right. There's a proper fork to use for salad, and a proper way to dress for a wedding. Things that are proper fit the situation — they're the right thing to do, because of custom or manners. A swear word is the opposite of proper language. Wearing a hat indoors isn't proper, as your grandparents have probably reminded you. Getting proper medical care means you've received the appropriate medical care. When things are proper, they're correct and suitable: they fit. marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness "proper medical treatment" "proper manners" Synonyms:appropriatesuitable for a particular person or place or condition etccorrect, right Like a proper tour guide, Jillson pointed to the student dormitory right in front of them, even though they knew what it was. Finding the proper clothes for me was another matter entirely. I proposed that this be done in two stages, the first being a discussion to create the proper conditions for negotiations, the second being the actual negotiations themselves. Mother pulled my arms back until my shoulder blades touched, the proper posture for a lady. observed Grandfather as we departed. مناسب

incongruous

Something that's incongruous is inconsistent or incompatible with something else. Remember that Sesame Street song "One of these things is not like the other"? They were talking about that one thing being incongruous. If we break it down into its Latin roots, incongruous is formed by adding in, meaning "not," to congruous, which means "suitable, proper." So, something that is incongruous is "not suitable or proper" — in other words, not in harmony with everything else. That's why burping at the dinner table could be called incongruous behavior: it's not proper and certainly doesn't go well with the main course. lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness "a plan incongruous with reason" "incongruous behavior" "a joke that was incongruous with polite conversation" Synonyms:discrepant, inconsistent She tucked him tenderly into an old wooden cradle, and he lay in sleepy contentment, his dark face incongruous against a doll's pillow. Somewhere nearby an incongruous sound shook the dark, an air hammer pounding like a machine gun. On the outskirts of the capital they built a storybook cottage, two stories, fretted with eaves and little porches and window boxes, an incongruous Alpine look in the tropics. The room suited my father perfectly: it was larger than life and wonderfully incongruous. ناهمخوان

offense

The part of a team that tries to score points is called the offense. If you play forward on a soccer team, you are on offense. If you offend someone — that is you cause them to be upset because of your actions or words — then you may need to apologize for the offense. After all, you meant no offense when you said that disco was dead. How were you to know the guy still loved the '70s? In the eyes of the law, an offense is a crime. The Hujflepufts are weak on offense and not so great on defense, either. What will she do to me for this offense? "No way, man. It was the Pats' hurry-up offense in the third quarter. Thirteen days later, the Georgia Supreme Court reversed itself, holding that the fact that 98.4 percent of the defendants selected to receive life sentences for repeat drug offenses were black required no justification. توهین آسیب زدن بزه حمله در فوتبال

crucial

The word crucial describes something that is important or essential to success, like the crucial dress rehearsals that ensure everything will run smoothly on your play's opening night. Usage experts insist that the word crucial should be used only to describe something that is truly critical for solving a problem or for resolving a situation, such as a crucial vote that determines a final outcome. In this case the crucial vote is decisive: it determines the outcome. But the word has gained popularity as a way to say that something is important. You might hear someone say, for example, that it is crucial to allow employees to vote on the new schedule to make them feel like they're part of the process. In this case the sense is "important": nothing decisive is taking place of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis "a crucial moment in his career" "a crucial election" "a crucial issue for women" synonyms:important critical By monitoring Soviet communications on the cable, the NSA was able to gain crucial intelligence about Soviet missile tests on the nearby Kamchatka Peninsula. I liked looking on at other people in crucial situations. The simple answer is that matter, information, and biology are inherently hierarchically organized: understanding that smallest part is crucial to understanding the whole. Orderliness is crucial for an effective fighting force. حیاتی بسیار مهم

fracture

Think of something hard breaking in a crisp, snapping manner, and you've just imagined a fracture. The word is most often applied to a broken bone, but it can used to describe any sharp, sudden break of something solid. The Latin frāctus means "broken," and its descendant fracture can mean any break, though it's most often associated with a hard — maybe even brittle — material, such as a bone, a rock, or the earth's crust. When something softer is split we say it is torn. For example, when we say someone broke an arm, we are referring to the bone, not the muscle; we'd say the muscle is torn. When someone funny "breaks us up," we might say "you fracture me!" breaking of hard tissue such as bone "it was a nasty fracture" synonyms:break There's a ship leaving the harbor, its whistle resigned as an abbot in prayer, fracturing the dusk. By the time of Gilmore's visit, Blackwater Draw was an arid, almost vegetation-free jumble of sandy drifts and faces of fractured caliche. Not just on the body, although those are there—the hairline fractures across the skin, the web you create to catch your own death. He probably was scared he'd fractured my skull or something when I hit the floor. شکستگی مخصوصا در استخوان

expurgate

To expurgate is to censor. Usually, people talk about expurgating bad words from something written or on TV. سانسور کردن

languish

To languish is to become pitiful or weak because you're sick, in love, or stuck somewhere. A prisoner might languish in jail, longing for her freedom. Languish, like languid, is from the Latin word languere which means "to be weak or faint." Your houseplants might languish in a dark dry corner. A Romantic poet might languish on a velvet couch with the back of her hand to her forehead. People in operas love to languish: The main character in La Traviata, Violetta, languishes from longing and eventually tuberculosis. become feeble "The prisoner has be languishing for years in the dungeon" synonyms:fade lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief synonyms:pine away, waste "He raced ahead of all his men to see her face the sooner, only to be left languishing whilst she ate lamb and figs with some dried-up old woman." Most academic analyses of this sort tend to languish, unread, on a dusty library shelf. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. He was simply too vital to the organization to allow him to languish in jail. افسرده شدن پژمرده شدن

summon

To summon is to formally call for the presence of someone. If, as soccer team captain, you find that your team members are an hour late for the big game, you might need to summon them — and fast. Summon can also mean "gather up," as one might summon one's courage" before that big game. Summon is also occasionally used in reference to the supernatural, as when one tries to call forth a spirit or ghost. If you think the team needs additional help on the field, you might try to summon some supernatural backup. ask to come "summon a lawyer" Mother Ermentrude summons me and in brief terms informs me of the decision. "Is it not very difficult, very dangerous, to summon a spirit?" A young surgeon was summoned from Hartford to bleed her, and a nauseous brew of ground roasted toads was forced between her cracked lips, to no avail. Annabeth got a tingle down her spine as she realized the boys were working as one, summoning the sky and the sea to do their bidding. احضار

unearth

To unearth something is to dig it up. You could unearth a coffin, or even a tee shirt buried in the bottom of a drawer. To put something in the earth is to bury it, to unearth it is to take it back out. When digging in the yard you'll probably unearth creepy-crawlies and, with luck, a lost treasure will surface. To bring anything hidden "into the light" is to unearth it. You can unearth the secret affairs of your lover, you can unearth the lies of a corrupt government, and you may even unearth a child's secret candy stash from under the mattress. recover through digging synonyms:excavate bring to light "The CIA unearthed a plot to kill the President" They would unearth Lincoln and his freeing of the slaves. Pax hurried to where he'd buried the peanut butter jar and unearthed it. That same evening, my mother unearthed an old blackboard from the cellar and set it up on the breezeway. We managed to unearth the two containers rather quickly, and covered the area again with soil. بیرون کشیدن پیدا کردن

robust

Use robust to describe a person or thing that is healthy and strong, or strongly built. This adjective also commonly describes food or drink: a robust wine has a rich, strong flavor. If your school has a robust sports program, it means they offer lots of different kinds of sports and that a lot of kids participate. If you have a robust speaking voice, it means you have a voice that's deep and loud and strong. Robust is from Latin robustus "of oak, hard, strong," from robur "oak tree, strength." sturdy and strong in form, constitution, or construction "a robust body" "a robust perennial" Synonyms:rugged healthy But in those days they were still two robust youngsters eager to enjoy life's pleasures. These included my parents, who were both robust Methodists. They strung up the guilty and, in the interest of prevention, a robust percentage of the innocent. Local commerce was robust—too robust in some cases: a sign reading please wash at home awaited customers of a Norfolk Laundromat enjoying too much of a good thing. قدرتمند سلامت

gradual

Use the adjective gradual to describe something that happens slowly, bit by bit, like the gradual increase in the amount of daylight in winter. Gradual can also apply to the gentle slope of landforms like hills. A gradual incline seems to slowly rise — you may not even realize you're walking up such a hill. Gradual comes from the Latin word gradus, which means "step." Step by step, a gradual hill climbs, while a steep hill seems to leap up into the air. proceeding in small stages "a gradual increase in prices" Synonyms:slownot moving quickly; taking a comparatively long timebit-by-bit, in small stages, piecemeal, step-by-step, stepwiseone thing at a time Its long history and gradual marginalization made Sing Sing increasingly different from the state's other prisons. We were scheduled to fire our retro-rockets over the Pacific Ocean, west of Hawaii, whereupon we would begin a gradual descent and finally splash into the Atlantic Ocean east of Florida thirty minutes later. In New York the decline was anything but gradual. But we lost our vigilance to the gradual passing of time. تدریجی

pyrrhic

Use the adjective pyrrhic to describe a victory that is won, but at too great a cost. In this use as an adjective, the word is often capitalized. The word pyrrhic comes from the Greek general, Pyrrhus, who defeated the Romans at the Battle of Asculum but lost so many troops that he couldn't defeat Rome itself. If you are the winner in an argument with your brother, but the fight ends up ruining your relationship with him, it's a Pyrrhic victory. An ancient Greek war dance is also called a pyrrhic. She deserved to hurl whatever was available, to keep us moving, to speak in counterpoint to the deadening strings of my pyrrhic feet. In fact, she made the quest for revenge after 9/11 look squalid and pyrrhic, a fearless decision for any American director. The most touching pages of "Mad Enchantment" are those devoted to Georges Clemenceau, the French statesman who led his country to victory — ultimately pyrrhic — in the Great War. John finds himself railing at an old man; his victory is pyrrhic. پیروزی که اینقدر هزینه داره که دیگه ارزش نداره خودش

schadenfreude

When another person's bad luck secretly makes you feel good, that's Schadenfreude. Your brother's rejection from a college that also rejected you might give you a twinge of Schadenfreude. لذت بردن از بدبختی شخص دیگر

anew

When something happens anew, it happens again, but in a fresh way that might be different. Anew is a word to describe things that happen again but are more than just a rerun. If a couple takes their marriage vows anew, it's a little different than the first time. If a clothes trend happens anew, it's a revival of the original trend that probably won't be identical. This word applies to renewals and fresh starts of many kinds, though not always positive ones. Romances and barfights could both begin anew. again but in a new or different way "wanted to write the story anew" "starting life anew in a fresh place" synonyms:afresh The tall soldier unwrapped his gun, primed it anew, then wrapped it up quickly once more. At the top of the steps I listened anew. And the serving men filled his wine cup anew each time he emptied it. Cora got on her knees and planted anew. از نو

depict

When you depict something, you draw a picture of it, describe it, or show what it looks like. So grab a crayon, a paint brush, or even an Etch-A-Sketch and start depicting. From the Latin depictus, meaning "to portray, paint, sketch, describe," depict is a way to communicate what you see. To explain to an alien what a banana is, you can either depict it with drawings, describe it in words, or both. But be careful. Writes author Joyce Maynard, "The painter who feels obligated to depict his subjects as uniformly beautiful or handsome and without flaws will fall short of making art." give a description of synonyms:describe, draw The stacks of Nahuatl manuscripts in Mexican archives depict the tlamatinime meeting to exchange ideas and gossip, as did the Vienna Circle and the French philosophes and the Taisho-period Kyoto school. This map does not depict it accurately, because these societies were not contemporaries—the Olmec vanished centuries before the Nudzahui and Zapotec began to reach their height, for example. Above the entrance was a carving depicting Atlas with a globe of the world atop his shoulders—hence the theatre's name, the Globe. The walls of the corridor leading into the tomb were covered with dozens of strange paintings depicting enslaved humans, orcs, elves, and other creatures. نقش کردن شرح دادن

puncture

When you puncture something, you make a hole in it. Stick a pin in a balloon and you'll not only make kids cry, you'll also puncture the balloon. Use the verb puncture to describe poking a sharp object into something. You can call the hole you've made a puncture as well: get a big enough puncture in your car tire and you'll need to call for help. In Latin, punctus means "to prick or pierce." The hardest thing about puncture is knowing how to spell it — remember that there's a c in the middle, and you'll probably get it right. pierce with a pointed object; make a hole into "puncture a tire" An arc of gushing puncture wounds encircled her thumb, and she swayed on her feet as she shoved the ridderak off her. Holly felt the dart puncture the suit's toughened material, depositing its load of curare and succinylcholine chloride-based tranquilizer into her shoulder. He rolls the president on one side and carefully searches for a puncture wound, his fingers slipping along the skin, probing for a telltale oozing of blood. I pray to God it didn't puncture our gas tank. سوراخ پنچر

slip

When you slip, you slide or skid unintentionally. A slip is also a kind of underwear you wear under a skirt. A Freudian slip, on the other hand, is a slip of the tongue. You can slip on a damp or icy surface, and you can also slip by making a mistake or getting worse, as in "If the company doesn't sell more candy, their profits will slip." It also means "move in a sneaky or quiet way," so you might slip out of a birthday party before cake is served. As a noun, a slip can be a mistake, a fall, a piece of something (especially paper), or a skirt-like type of underwear. move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner synonyms:skid, slew, slide, slue He thought of her slipping them on her feet. Maybe this time—tonight—they would slip themselves in. His arm slipped off my shoulder and he moved to the center of the stage, one hand on his hip and the other pinching the bridge of his nose. I was slipping it in myself and then saying later, "Oh, by the way, I left a little in the crock." لیز خوردن

severe

Whether you're talking about a punishment, the weather, or how bad your flu is, severe indicates that it's at the limit of the spectrum. The austerity of a word like severe serves many purposes. The common usage is to describe tough or painful stuff, like icy snowstorms, merciless punishments, or grim conditions (e.g., a severe depression). If things are severe, they're serious. Severe could also describe a person's haircut if it's brutally short and angular, or their wardrobe if it tends to be all black with no flourishes. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment ""a parent severe to the pitch of hostility"- H.G.Wells" "a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien" synonyms:spartan nonindulgent, strict very strong or vigorous "a severe blow" synonyms:hard, knockout Mingo advocated staying in Indiana, but with a severe reduction in those they sheltered: the runaways, the lost. She paused here, made sure I was looking right at her all-angles face, into her eyes couched beneath those severe eyebrows. She suffered severe beatings when she was sold, because she did not understand what her English-speaking owner was saying. An hour or so after leaving the restaurant, Harding began to experience severe abdominal cramps. شدید

dweller

a person or animal that lives in a particular place ساکن

bison

buffalo بوفالو

inward

directed or moving inward or toward a center "inward flood of capital" synonyms:inbound incomingarriving at a place or position relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts "a concern with inward reflections" Synonyms:indwelling Looking up from this angle, it's like the world's tipping inward: dizzyingly tall buildings and a bright fireball sun. And Dr. Bledsoe sat with a benign smile of inward concentration. He turns away and I drill the lock until the door flies inward. They seemed to be rolled inward and drawn long and thin. درون باطنی

arch

naughtily or annoyingly playful synonyms:impish, implike, mischievous, pixilated, prankish, puckish, wicked علاوه بر قوس و قوسی شکلو قوس دادن معنی زیر را هم دارد شیطنت آزار دادن

chipped

something that is chipped is small piece broken off the edge of it لب پر شده تراش خورده

fell

terribly evil شیطانی

conch

the spiral shell of a gastropod, often used as a horn صدف حلزونی