>>>Muscles - Origin, Insertion, Action

**Quadratus Lumborum - Insertion (2)

**12th rib, Lumbar vertebrae 1-4 - transverse processes

**Transverse Abdominis - Insertion

**Abdominal Aponeurosis**, linea alba, pubis

**Brachialis - Insertion (2)

**Tuberosity of ulna, and Coronoid process of ulna

*Subclavius - Origin

1st rib costocartilage junction

Scalenes - Insertion Anterior, Middle, Posterior

1st rib. Posterior Scalene: 1st and 2nd rib.

*Pectoralis Minor - Action (4)

Abduction (Protraction), *Depression, Medial (downward) rotation, Anterior tilt of scapula*

**Serratus Anterior - Action (4)

Abduction (protraction), *Lateral (upward) rotation of scapula, Stabilizes scapula against chest wall, Depression of scapula* (lower fibers).

Gluteus Medius - Action (Gluteal Group)

Abduction of femur and Medial rotation of femur

Gluteus Minimus - Action (Gluteal Group)

Abduction of femur and Medial rotation of femur

Middle Deltoid - Action

Abduction of humerus

**Supraspinatus - Action

Abduction, **Stabilize head of humerus**

Middle Deltoid - Origin

Acromion of scapula - lateral surface

**Rhomboids Major - Action (2)

Adduction (retraction), *Medial (Downward) rotation of scapula*

Rhomboids Minor - Action (2)

Adduction (retraction), Medial (downward) rotation of scapula

Adductor Magnus - Action (Adductors Group)

Adduction of femur

Gracilis - Adduction (Adductors Group)

Adduction of femur

Adductor Brevis - Action (Adductors Group)

Adduction of femur, Assists flexion of femur

Adductor Longus - Action (Adductors Group)

Adduction of femur, Assists flexion of femur

**Pectoralis Major - Action

Adduction, *Horizontal adduction, Medial rotation of humerus. Clavicular head: Flexion of humerus.* Sternocostal head: Extension of humerus.

Tensor Fascia Lata - Action

Ambulation = Walking

Scalenes - Action Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Anterior Scalene: Flexion of head. Middle Scalene: Lateral flexion of neck, Elevation of 1st rib in forced inspiration. Posterior Scalene: Lateral flexion of neck, Elevation of 2nd rib in forced inspiration.

Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius) - Origin (Peroneus brothers)

Anterior distal fibula

*Adductor Magnus - Insertion (Adductors Group)

Anterior head: Linea aspera of femur, *Posterior head; Adductor tubercle of femur.*

*Adductor Magnus - Origin (Adductors Group)

Anterior head: Pubis, *Posterior head: Ischial tuberosity*

Rectus Femoris - Origin (Quadriceps Femoris Group)

Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium at upper rim of acetabulum.

*Adductor Brevis - Origin (Adductors Group)

Anterior pubis

Sartorius- Origin

Anterior superior iliac spine

Pectoralis Minor - Origin

Anterior surface of Ribs 3, 4, 5 near costal cartilages

**Scalenes - Insertion

Anterior- 1st rib Middle- 1st rib Posterior- 1st and 2nd rib

**Scalenes - Action

Anterior- Flexion of head Middle- Lateral flexion of neck, elevation of 1st rib Posterior- Lateral flexion of neck, elevation of 2nd rib

Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius) - Insertion (Peroneus brothers)

Base of 5th metatarsal

Fibularis Longus (Peroneus Longus) - Insertion (Peroneus brothers)

Base of first metatarsal - plantar surface

Intercostals - Insertion

Between adjacent ribs

Intercostals - Origin

Between adjacent ribs

Latissimus Dorsi - Insertion

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

Sternocleidomastoid (aka SCM) - Action

Bilaterally: Flexion of neck. Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of neck to same side.

Internal oblique - Action

Bilaterally: Flexion of trunk. Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of trunk, and Rotation of trunk to SAME side.

*External oblique - Action

Bilaterally: Flexion of trunk. Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of trunk. and Rotation of trunk to *OPPOSITE side.*

Levator Scapula - Origin

C1-C4 (transverse processes)

Rhomboids Minor - Origin

C7 and T1 (spinous processes)

Middle Trapezius - Origin

C7-T5 spinous processes

Gastrocnemius - Insertion

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)

Soleus - Insertion

Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (Achilles)

Diaphragm - Insertion

Central tendon of diaphragm

Pectoralis Major - Origin (2)

Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle. Sternocostal head: sternum

Orbicularis occuli - Action (for occuli think EYE)

Closes eyelid

Transverse Abdominis - Action

Compression and support of abdominal viscera

Coracobrachialis - Origin

Coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor - Insertion

Coracoid process of scapula (medial border of superior surface)

Anterior Deltoid - Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Middle Deltoid - Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Posterior Deltoid - Insertion

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

*Subclavius - Action

Depresses clavicle, and Stabilize sternoclavicular joint.

Lower Trapezius - Action (2)

Depression, Upward Rotation of scapula

Anterior Tibialis - Action

Dorsiflexion of ankle, inversion of foot

Suprahyoids - Action

Elevation of hyoid bone in swallowing

Intercostals - Action

Elevation of ribs in inspiration (when inhaling)

Levator Scapula - Action (2)

Elevation, Medial (Downward) rotation of scapula

Upper Trapezius - Action (2)

Elevation, Upward Rotation of scapula

Fibularis Longus (Peroneus Longus) - Action (Peroneus brothers)

Eversion of foot, helps plantarflexion of ankle

Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius) - Action (Peroneus brothers)

Eversion of foot, helps with dorsiflexion of foot

Triceps Brachii - Action

Extension of elbow, Extension of humerus

Gluteus Maximus - Action (Gluteal Group)

Extension of femur and Lateral rotation of extended hip

Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus - Action (Hamstring Group)

Extension of femur, Flexion of knee, and Medial rotation of tibia when knee's flexed.

Vastus Medialis/Lateralis/Intermedius - Action (Quadriceps Femoris Group)

Extension of knee

Rectus Femoris - Action (Quadriceps Femoris Group)

Extension of knee, and helps flexion of femur

Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis - Action

Extension of neck and more!

Teres Major - Action (3)

Extension, Medial rotation, Adduction of humerus

**Latissimus Dorsi - Action (5)

Extension, Medial rotation, Adduction of humerus, **Medial (**Downward) rotation of scapula. Helps with Depression of scapula**

Posterior Deltoid - Action (2)

Extension, and Lateral rotation

Orbicularis occuli - Insertion (for occuli think EYE)

Eyelid

*Diaphragm - Origin

First 3 Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L3), Lower 6 costal cartilages, Xiphoid process of sternum

Diaphragm - Action

Flattening of central tendon

Brachialis - Action

Flexion of elbow

Brachioradialis - Action

Flexion of elbow with forearm in mid-position (halfway between supination and pronation).

Biceps Brachii - Action (3)

Flexion of elbow, Supination of forearm. Short head: Flexion of humerus

Pectineus - Action (Adductors Group)

Flexion of femur, Adduction of femur

**Psoas Major and iliacus (Iliopsoas) - Action (2)

Flexion of femur, flexion of trunk - lumbar spine

Biceps Femoris - Action (Hamstring Group)

Flexion of knee, Lateral rotation of tibia when knee's flexed. Long head's Action: Extension of femur.

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - Action

Flexion of neck, Lateral flexion of neck to same side.

Rectus Abdominis - Action

Flexion of trunk

**Coracobrachialis - Action (2)

Flexion, Adduction of humerus

Anterior Deltoid - Action (3)

Flexion, horizontal adduction, medial rotation of humerus.

Gluteus Maximus - Insertion (Gluteal Group)

Gluteal tuberosity of femur and Iliotibial tract (attaching to lateral condyle of tibia)

Gluteus Medius - Insertion (Gluteal Group)

Greater trochanter of femur

Gluteus Minimus - Insertion (Gluteal Group)

Greater trochanter of femur

Insertion of the Deep Six? Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

Greater trochanter of femur (but not for the Obturator externus and Quatratus femoris)

Teres Minor - Insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)

Infraspinatus - Insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)

Supraspinatus - Insertion

Greater tubercle of humerus (superior facet)

Biceps Femoris - Origin (Hamstring Group)

Has 2 heads. Long head: Ischial tuberosity. Short head: Linea aspera.

Sternocleidomastoid (aka SCM) - Origin

Has 2 heads. Sternal head: Manubrium of sternum. Clavicular head: Medial clavicle.

Fibularis Longus (Peroneus Longus) - Origin (Peroneus brothers)

Head and lateral shaft of fibula - upper 2/3

Biceps Femoris - Insertion (Hamstring Group)

Head of fibula and Lateral condyle of tibia

Anconeus - Action

Helps extension of elbow.

Sartorius- Action

Helps with flexion of femur, abduction of femur, lateral rotation of femur, flexion of knee and medial rotation of tibia when knee's flexed.

Suprahyoids - Insertion

Hyoid bone

Tensor Fascia Lata - Origin

Iliac crest - posterior to anterior superior iliac spine

Quadratus Lumborum - Origin

Iliac crest of ilium

Gluteus Medius - Origin (Gluteal Group)

Iliac crest of ilium, Ilium - between posterior (superior) and anterior (middle) gluteal lines.

Tensor Fascia Lata - Insertion

Iliotibial tract - attaches to the lateral condyle of tibia

Teres Major - Origin

Inferior angle of scapula, Lower third of axillary border of scapula

*Subclavius - Insertion

Inferior shaft of clavicle

Infraspinatus - Origin

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Transverse Abdominis - Origin

Inguinal ligament, Iliac crest, Thoracolumbar Aponeurosis, ribs 7-12 (costal cartilage)

Internal oblique - Origin

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest

Posterior Tibialis - Action

Inversion of foot, helps plantarflexion

Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus - Origin (Hamstring Group)

Ischial tuberosity

Anterior Tibialis - Origin

Lateral condyle of tibia, lateral shaft of tibia, Interosseus membrane

**Anconeus - Origin

Lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Pectoralis Major - Insertion

Lateral lip of bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus

Upper Trapezius - Insertion (2)

Lateral one third of clavicle, and Acromion

Action of the Deep Six? Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

Lateral rotation of femur

Infraspinatus - Action (2)

Lateral rotation, Extension of humerus

Teres Minor - Action

Lateral rotation, Extension of humerus

**Brachioradialis - Origin

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

**Serratus Anterior - Origin

Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs (by finger-like slips)

Anterior Deltoid - Origin

Lateral third of clavicle

*Pectineus - Insertion (Adductors Group)

Lesser trochanter

**Psoas Major and iliacus (Iliopsoas) - Insertion

Lesser trochanter of femur

Subscapularis - Insertion

Lesser tubercle of humerus

External oblique - Insertion

Linea alba, Pubis

*Adductor Longus - Insertion (Adductors Group)

Linea aspera of femur - middle

Adductor Brevis - Insertion (Adductors Group)

Linea aspera of femur - proximal

External Intercostal - Where is this muscle?

Located from anterior RIBS around thorax to posterior ribs.

*Internal Intercostal - Where is this muscle?

Located from anterior STERNUM around thorax to posterior ribs.

**Triceps Brachii - Origin

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Lateral head: Posterior humerus above spiral groove. Medial head: Posterior humerus below spiral groove

Internal oblique - Insertion

Lower 4 ribs (Ribs 9-12)

External oblique - Origin

Lower 8 ribs (Ribs 5-12)

Brachialis - Origin

Lower half of anterior shaft of humerus

Suprahyoids - Origin

Mandible, Mastoid process of temporal bone

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - Origin

Manubrium of sternum, Medial clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) - Insertion

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Sternocleidomastoid (aka SCM) - Insertion

Mastoid process of temporal bone

Gastrocnemius - Origin

Medial head: Medial epicondyle of femur, Lateral head: Lateral epidonyle of femur

Teres Major - Insertion

Medial lip of Bicipital Groove of humerus

Subscapularis - Action

Medial rotation, Adduction of humerus

*Gracilis - Insertion (Adductors Group)

Medial tibia

Coracobrachialis - Insertion

Middle 1/3 of MEDIAL surface of humeral shaft

Posterior Tibialis - Insertion

Navicular tarsal bone

Upper Trapezius - Origin (2)

Occiput, Ligamentum nuchae (of cervical spine)

Anconeus - Insertion

Olecranon process and upper posterior surface of ulna.

Triceps Brachii - Insertion

Olecranon process of ulna

Orbicularis occuli - Origin (for occuli think EYE)

Orbital margin

Vastus Medialis/Lateralis/Intermedius - Origin (Quadriceps Femoris Group)

Origin of Vastus medialis/lateralis- linea aspera of femur Origin of Vastus intermedius- Anterior and lateral femoral shaft

Rectus Femoris - Insertion (Quadriceps Femoris Group)

Patella and Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Vastus Medialis/Lateralis/Intermedius - Insertion (Quadriceps Femoris Group)

Patella, Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

List the Six Deep Lateral Rotators of Femur (aka Deep Six)

Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

What's the origin of the Deep Six? Piriformis, Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris

Piriformis: Anterior sacrum, sacral ligament Gemellus superior: Ischial spine Gemellus inferior: Ischial tuberosity Obturator internus: Obturator foramen Obturator externus: Obturator foramen Quadratus femoris: Ischial tuberosity

Soleus - Action

Plantarflexion of ankle

Gastrocnemius - Action

Plantarflexion of ankle, Assists flexion of knee

Gluteus Minimus - Origin (Gluteal Group)

Posterior illium- between anterior (middle and inferior Gluteal Lines)

Gluteus Maximus - Origin (Gluteal Group)

Posterior sacrum, Ilium, Poster superior gluteal line of ilium

Posterior Tibialis - Origin

Posterior tibia, Posterior fibula, Interosseus Membrane

**Psoas Major and iliacus (Iliopsoas) - Origin

Psoas major: L1-L5 - transverse processes. Iliacus: Iliac fossa of ilium.

*Adductor Longus - Origin (Adductors Group)

Pubic crest

*Rectus Abdominis - Origin

Pubic symphysis

*Gracilis - Origin (Adductors Group)

Pubis

*Pectineus - Origin (Adductors Group)

Pubis

Middle Trapezius - Action

Pulls Scapula Medially (Adduction/Retraction)

*Rectus Abdominis - Insertion (2)

Ribs 5, 6, 7 - costal cartilages and Xiphoid process.

Rhomboids Minor - Insertion

Root of spine of scapula

Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus - Insertion (Hamstring Group)

Semitendinosus: Anterior proximal tibial shaft. Semimembranosus: Posterior medial condyle of tibia

**Biceps Brachii - Origin (2)

Short head: Coracoid process of scapula. Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.

Soleus - Origin

Soleal line of tibia

Lower Trapezius - Insertion

Spine of scapula

Middle Trapezius - Insertion

Spine of scapula

Posterior Deltoid - Origin

Spine of scapula

Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis - Origin

Splenius Capitis: Ligamentum nuchae, and C7-T3 vertebrae spinous processes Splenius Cervicis: T3-T6 vertebrae

Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis - Insertion

Splenius Capitis: mastoid process and occipital bone Splenius Cervicis: C1-C3 vertebrae - transverse processes

**Quadratus Lumborum - Action (2)

Stabilize 12th rib, Lateral flexion of trunk to same side

Brachioradialis - Insertion

Styloid process of radius

Subscapularis - Origin

Subscapular fossa of scapula

Supraspinatus - Origin

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Rhomboids Major - Origin

T2-T5 (spinous processes)

Lower Trapezius - Origin

T5-T12 spinous processes

Latissimus Dorsi - Origin

Thoracolumbar aponeurosis

Scalenes - Origin

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (C2-C7). Breakdown below Anterior- C3-C6 Middle- C2-C7 Posterior- C4-C6

Scalenes - Origin Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. Middle Scalene: C2-C7

Biceps Brachii - Insertion

Tuberosity of radius

Teres Minor - Origin

Upper 2/3 of axillary border of scapula

Sartorius- Insertion

Upper medial shaft of tibia

Serratus Anterior - Insertion

Vertebral border of scapula - anterior surface

Rhomboids Major - Insertion

Vertebral border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle

**Levator Scapula - Insertion

Vertebral border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine

**Anterior Tibialis - Insertion

base of 1st metatarsal- plantar surface

Buccinator - what's the action?

chews

Masseter - Action

closure of lips and protruding lips (kissing)

Orbicularis Oris - Action (think Oreo goes in mouth)

elevation and protrusion of mandible

Orbicularis Oris - Insertion (think Oreo goes in mouth)

mandible

Masseter - Origin

maxilla

Masseter - Insertion

mucous membrane and muscle inside lips

Orbicularis Oris - Origin (think Oreo goes in mouth)

zygomatic arch