Green Belt

The Red Tag event is part of which phase of 5S? A. Sort B. Set in Order C. Standardize D. Sustain E. Shine

A. Sort

What is the Risk Priority Number (RPN) for sev=10, occ=5, and det=2? A. 52 B. 100 C. 520 D. 17

B. 100

Based upon the information shown in this frequency distribution, which one of the following is the value of the class width? A. 22.4 B. 3.2 C. 3.0 D. 19.2

B. 3.2

A large population has a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 40. Which one of the following measurements has a Z score of 2.5? A. 100 B. 300 C. 280 D. 120

B. 300

Given the following computer printout for a set of sample data, which one of the following represents the value of the 50th percentile? A. 27.825 B. 31.00 C. 31.808 D. 36.075

B. 31.00

Consider the following sample data: 12, 13, 7, 5, 15, 18. Which one of the following represents the value of the standard deviation? A. 11.67 B. 4.89 C. 2.52 D. 23.87

B. 4.89

The mean and standard deviation of the grades of 500 students who took a statistics test were 69 and 7, respectively. The grades have a bell-shaped distribution. Based on this information, which one of the following is the best estimate of the number of students with grades between 55 and 83? A. 95% B. 475 C. At least 75% D. 375

B. 475

To prepare the work environment to contain visual information and controls, which one of the following Lean techniques is most widely used? A. Value stream mapping B. 5S C. Kaizen D. Mistake proofing

B. 5S

Which one of the following best completes the statement? "The Pareto Chart is often associated with the..." A. concept of the "vital many versus the trivial few." B. 80 - 20 rule. C. process for identifying potential root causes for a given effect. D. method for identifying when special cause variation may be occurring in a process.

B. 80 - 20 rule.

How is a Pull System different from a Push systems? A. A Pull System relies on a forecast or open capacity. B. A Pull System is dependent on actual customer orders. C. The process must continuously produce product to the maximum capacity of the line. D. There is no real difference; a Pull System functions similarly to a Push system.

B. A Pull System is dependent on actual customer orders.

When implementing Lean into office and service areas, one of the first steps is to fully understand the current business process. What Lean Six Sigma tool will help Lean practitioners define their specific process? A. The general business policy manual B. A process map C. Takt Time analysis sheet D. Utilization of the 5 Whys thought process

B. A process map

What is the term used to describe when the average value of multiple measurements of an event are equal to the true value? A. Zero defects B. Accuracy C. Precision D. Repeatability

B. Accuracy

You check into a hotel and find a mint on the pillow case. This is an example of which one of Dr. Kano's customer requirements? A. One-Dimensional B. Attractive C. Opportunity Rich D. Must-be

B. Attractive

Which one of the following correctly ranks these processes from the LEAST capable to the MOST capable? A. A,B,C B. B,C,A C. C,B,A D. A,C,B

B. B,C,A

When running a Test of Equal Variance for Normal data, which test statistic is read when you are comparing several samples? A. F-test B. Bartlett's test C. Levene's test D. Standard deviation

B. Bartlett's test

In Office or Service environments, how is waste typically eliminated and real value created for the customer? A. By adding redundancies for critical process steps B. By eliminating idle time, bureaucracy, unnecessary redundancy, and other non value-added activities C. By benchmarking with other organizations within your industry D. By optimizing the first step in the process

B. By eliminating idle time, bureaucracy, unnecessary redundancy, and other non value-added activities

Which one of the following techniques is most commonly associated with reducing set-up time? A. Kaizen B. Changeover reduction C. Six Sigma D. Value stream mapping

B. Changeover reduction

Which of these is NOT a potential cost of conflict? A. Negative work environment B. Decreased employee turnover C. Loss of trust and increased competition D. Lost productivity

B. Decreased employee turnover

Which of the following roles often serves as the resource for removing roadblocks and resistance? A. Kaizen Team Leader B. Deployment Champion C. Kaizen Team Members D. Lean Leader

B. Deployment Champion

Which one of the following processes has a Cpk value that is less than Cp? A. Diagram A B. Diagram B

B. Diagram B

Which one of the following symbols denotes a decision point on a process map? A. Rectangle B. Diamond C. Oval D. Arrow

B. Diamond

Developing and testing a potential solution occurs in which PDCA phase? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

B. Do

Which phase of PDCA is used to walk through the agenda and summarize action items and decisions? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

B. Do

PDCA is an iterative cycle. The two phases that are most often repeated are... A. Plan / Do. B. Do / Check. C. Check / Act.

B. Do / Check.

Which of these suggestions contributes to a successful walk through? A. When needed due to a system irregularity, rely on estimated times so a "normal" production cycle is mapped B. Do a quick pre-walk of the process to become familiar with the general flow of the product C. Each team member should be responsible to report only one or two portions of the process D. Start at the middle of the process and proceed to the end, gathering detailed information at each process.

B. Do a quick pre-walk of the process to become familiar with the general flow of the product

PDCA is only applicable in manufacturing and/or production processes A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following questions are targeted and specific? A. Open Questions B. Focused Questions C. Closed Questions D. Leading Questions

B. Focused Questions

Which of the following is NOT among the three key techniques for improving a business transactional process? A. Eliminate redundancy such as requirements for multiple reviews and approvals, or duplicate copies B. Implementing the Current Value Stream map C. Eliminate bureaucracy and non-essential processing, especially if it is not an absolute requirement that can be justified D. Complete a Value Added Analysis to determine if work activity adds value to the service provided

B. Implementing the Current Value Stream map

In what type of process is the customer actually a part of the process? A. In a back office process B. In a service process C. In a workforce process D. In a manufacturing process

B. In a service process

Which of the following best represents a statement that can be made about the Z score for the mean of a data set? A. It is always equal to -1. B. It is always equal to 0. C. It is always equal to +1. D. It changes based upon the data.

B. It is always equal to 0.

Which one of the following statements are true about a 2-Sample t-test? A. It is used to compare differences between two group medians B. It is based on the difference between the distribution of the averages, not the differences between individual observations C. The samples to be compared must include the same number of observations D. Both samples must be from normally distributed processes

B. It is based on the difference between the distribution of the averages, not the differences between individual observations

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Know-it-all?" A. Aggressive or passive-aggressive behavior, and often displays a single-minded focus and intense drive to get things done. B. Knowledgeable and competent, and often a very valuable member of the team. C. Has a tendency to complain, worry, and wallow. D. All-encompassing negativity, displays full-on hopelessness.

B. Knowledgeable and competent, and often a very valuable member of the team.

Which statement about Lean implementation is false? A. When Lean and Six Sigma are combined the results are powerful. B. Lean minimizes customer value and maximizes waste. C. Lean promotes shorter cycle times, faster process times, and higher quality. D. Lean implementation is appropriate for office and service organizations.

B. Lean minimizes customer value and maximizes waste.

What is the term used to describe the established standard or correct answer in an Attribute Gauge R & R study? A. Standard Measurement Panel B. Master Attribute C. Standard Gauge Block D. Master Gauge Standard

B. Master Attribute

A sample can have more than one... A. Mean B. Mode C. Range D. Median

B. Mode

When using an X and MR Chart, MR refers to which one of the following terms? A. Mean Range B. Moving Range C. Median Range D. Maximum Range

B. Moving Range

A Kaizen Event is typically executed within what time period? A. One day B. One week C. One month D. One quarter

B. One week

The three activities within the structured approach of a Kaizen activity are... A. Participation, Evaluation, and Follow-up. B. Preparation, Execution (Event Week), and Follow-up. C. Problem Solving, Enabling, and Flow Mapping. D. Planning, Engaging, and Future State.

B. Preparation, Execution (Event Week), and Follow-up.

When Safety is included as the sixth S in a 5S effort, which of the following is an additional activity that may be included in the implementation? A. Remove visual display boards B. Properly store personal protective equipment C. Put in place audit procedure D. Institute changeover reduction

B. Properly store personal protective equipment

What are the primary benefits of eliminating or significantly reducing waste in an organization? A. There are no tangible benefits to the organization B. Reducing costs and increasing flexibility C. Leadership can raise the selling price of their products or service D. The customer is willing to pay more for the product or service

B. Reducing costs and increasing flexibility

In comparing Lean principles to Six Sigma principles, which of these statements is false? A. Six Sigma principles are problem-focused B. Six Sigma focuses on improving value streams C. Lean is focused on process flow D. Lean uses visuals to understand the process flow

B. Six Sigma focuses on improving value streams

Which of the following is the correct order of the 5S phases? A. Set in Order, Shine, Sort, Standardize, Sustain B. Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain C. Shine, Sort, Set in Order, Standardize, Sustain D. Standardize, Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Sustain

B. Sort, Set in Order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain

Which Lean tool enables flow by defining the sequence of steps and the time required to perform them? A. Visual Management B. Standard Work C. 5S D. Process Mapping

B. Standard Work

Which one of the following activities are where the team's mission, ground rules, responsibilities, and behavior and feedback determined? A. Define Phase. B. Team Launch. C. Norming Stage. D. Project Planning Phase.

B. Team Launch.

What measurement tool uses a master attribute? A. Fishbone Diagram B. Pareto Chart C. Gauge R&R D. Process Chart

C. Gauge R&R

After checking in at your hotel, you go to your room and discover that the room has not been cleaned. This is an example of which element of a Kano analysis... A. Delighter. B. One-dimensional. C. Must-be. D. Moment of truth.

C. Must-be.

Which one of the following best describes a Risk Priority Number? A. The probability of failure B. The probability that the cause is related to the failure C. The relative ranking of the risks of failure D. The number of consecutive days since the last failure was reported

C. The relative ranking of the risks of failure

What is the overall focus of Visual Management? A. To highlight problem areas to expose waste in the process B. To promote delivery of products and services JIT C. To create an organized, clean, efficient workspace by ensuring standard practices are clear and visible to all D. There is no one overall or primary focus of Visual Management

C. To create an organized, clean, efficient workspace by ensuring standard practices are clear and visible to all

In general, cell design guidelines are based on common sense and logic, easy access, error proofing, non-fatigue, and... A. how many people are on a work shift. B. where the document retrieval system is located. C. built-in organization. D. having enough space to store the inventory.

C. built-in organization.

The Scatter Diagram is primarily used to... A. show the shape of the data for one variable. B. provide a visual picture of a spread of the data for one variable. C. display a possible relationship between two variables. D. prove a cause and effect relationship exists between two variables.

C. display a possible relationship between two variables.

For a process improvement project, Return on Investment is calculated by... A. multiplying the project savings by the project cost. B. dividing the project cost by the project savings. C. dividing the project savings by the project cost. D. None of the above.

C. dividing the project savings by the project cost.

Process capability can be assessed using... A. discrete data only. B. continuous data only. C. either continuous data or discrete data.

C. either continuous data or discrete data.

If three operators, individually, listened to a recording of the same call and they all identified the call in the same category, that would be an example of... A. gauge accuracy. B. gauge effectiveness. C. gauge reproducibility. D. gauge predictability.

C. gauge reproducibility.

Sub-optimization is likely to occur when departments or functions are centered around.... A. making deliveries. B. the customer. C. individual organizational goals. D. the flow of information.

C. individual organizational goals.

To calculate relative frequency, the class frequency is divided by the total number of observations in the data set. Therefore, in a relative frequency distribution, the word "relative" implies "relative to the... A. class frequency. B. proportion of the data values. C. size of the data set. D. size of the page on which the graph will be displayed.

C. size of the data set.

An Error Proofing "shutdown".... A. prevents a failure from moving forward uncorrected. B. provides a signal that an error has occurred, but work can continue. C. stops the process automatically when a failure has been detected. D. lets the operator know that it is time to clock out.

C. stops the process automatically when a failure has been detected.

A project's scope is best determined when using... A. customer feedback. B. Stakeholder Analysis. C. the SIPOC tool. D. the DMAIC methodology.

C. the SIPOC tool.

Which one of the following best completes the following statement? "Entitlement cost is..." A. the same as cost of poor quality. B. the cost associated with doing the wrong thing wrong the first time. C. the cost associated with doing the right thing right the first time. D. the profit the business is entitled to.

C. the cost associated with doing the right thing right the first time.

Process capability is defined as... A. the estimated percentage of product that falls outside the control limits. B. the percentage of points on a specific control chart that are within the control limits. C. the extent to which a stable process is able to meet specifications. D. the extent to which a process is stable.

C. the extent to which a stable process is able to meet specifications.

What type of variation is the usual, historical, quantifiable variation that is found within a process or system - the noise within the system? A. Special Cause variation B. Noisy variation C. Very good variation D. Common Cause variation

D. Common Cause variation

The symbol R refers to which one of the following terms? A. Random Count B. Random Sample C. Standard Deviation D. Range

D. Range

Benefits from reducing variation in a process include improved process capability, decreased costs, and which of the following? A. A change of customer requirements B. Improvement of the company's culture C. A revised project charter D. Reduced Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO)

D. Reduced Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO)

Lean Goals can be achieved by which of the following? A. Decreasing waiting time by implementing a push system B. Instituting incoming inspection C. Adding more non value-added activities D. Reducing waste by using techniques like 5S

D. Reducing waste by using techniques like 5S

Which of the 5S/6S phases is being described by the following actions? Be sure file cabinets are not overloaded. Make sure that tripping hazards are eliminated. Keep emergency and medical supplies in clearly marked locations. A. Setup B. Security C. Satisfaction D. Safety

D. Safety

A random sample of 8 measurements had a sample mean of 5.2 and a median of 6 and a mode of 4. Which of the following statements is correct? A. The sum of the measurements is 48. B. 50% of the data is less than or equal to 5.2. C. The frequency is 3. D. The 50th percentile of the data is 6.

D. The 50th percentile of the data is 6.

What is the importance about self regulating characteristics of Visual Management? A. To see that we have done more than the other workcells B. To ensure that everything was up to date last month when we last up-dated the visual management boards C. To visually identify that we achieved target last week D. To visually identify the current status of the work area, performance against plan, and replenishment status

D. To visually identify the current status of the work area, performance against plan, and replenishment status

Which of the following is NOT a step of Changeover Reduction? A. Observe and fully understand the current state of the changeover process and how it is performing B. Identify and separate changeover process steps into key operations C. Transfer internal time to external time D. Transfer external time to internal time

D. Transfer external time to internal time

Which one of the following best describes how the capability of a process using discrete data should be expressed? A. Using Cp and Cpk values. B. In terms as mu and sigma. C. Using the natural tolerance. D. Using percent defective, defects per unit, or a DPMO level.

D. Using percent defective, defects per unit, or a DPMO level.

A subset of the population is called: A. the range. B. the dispersion. C. a standard deviation. D. a sample.

D. a sample.

Prior to calculating DPMO the improvement team must... A. check with the Materials Department. B. ask subject matter experts. C. make sure the process associates are on board. D. clearly define and agree on the definition of a defect.

D. clearly define and agree on the definition of a defect.

Discrete variables produce discrete data that is... A. measured. B. replaced. C. not replaced. D. countable.

D. countable.

Process expectations and requirements are established by... A. the process improvement team. B. Suppliers. C. the business. D. customers.

D. customers.

The probability that a machine will run for a given amount of time without breakdown is called... A. availability. B. maintainability. C. quality rate. D. reliability rate.

D. reliability rate.

When selecting team members for an improvement project it is important to consider... A. if they have a reputation for proposing solutions. B. how long the person has been with the company. C. if they are from the Engineering Department. D. their commitment to serving customers and their problem-solving abilities.

D. their commitment to serving customers and their problem-solving abilities.

Which of the following is NOT an external driver of change? A. government regulation B. competition in the marketplace C. shifting consumer demands D. workforce diversity

D. workforce diversity

Which of the following are the building blocks of effective communication: A. Be clear and concise B. Say what you mean and mean what you say C. Actively listen D. Seek to understand and provide clarity E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Which type of data is plotted on an X-bar and R Chart? A. Attribute Data B. Variables Data

B. Variables Data

Which one of the following describes how to calculate the Cost of Poor Quality for a rework loop? A. (Defect rate) x (Volume) x (Cost of rework per unit) B. (Defect rate) x (Opportunity) x (Cost of rework per unit) C. (Defect rate) x (Opportunity) ÷ (Cost of rework per unit)

A. (Defect rate) x (Volume) x (Cost of rework per unit)

What are the three basic rules of Cause and Effect? A. 1) Everything happens for a reason, 2) Cause and effect are part of a continuous chain, 3) An effect can be due to both a cause and a condition. B. 1) Brainstorm ideas and solutions, 2) Record the output, 3) Share the information with the Stakeholders to gain their concurrence. C. 1) Display the many potential causes for a specific problem or effect, 2) Immediately sort the ideas into useful categories, 3) Weight the ideas by team consensus. D. 1) Use it to study a problem to determine the root cause, 2) Examine the potential reasons why a process is having problems, 3) Fix them.

A. 1) Everything happens for a reason, 2) Cause and effect are part of a continuous chain, 3) An effect can be due to both a cause and a condition.

Which test represents the best choice if you want to compare a call center's average handle time to a target of 8 minutes? A. 1-Sample t-test B. Paired t-test C. One-way ANOVA D. 2-Sample t-test

A. 1-Sample t-test

Which test represents the best choice if you wanted to compare the average Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) of your office for the last month to the division's MTTR? A. 1-Sample t-test B. Paired t-test C. One-way ANOVA D. 2-Sample t-test

A. 1-Sample t-test

Two items that must be defined clearly to understand DPMO are... A. defects and opportunities. B. deficits and options. C. defectives and operations. D. millions and pieces.

A. defects and opportunities.

Changeover reduction is best described as: A. A structured methodology and technique used to reduce the combined amount of Set-up and Start-up time it takes to change from running one specific calibration or type of product to another B. Synchronizing the speed of process steps in line with customer requirements C. A shop floor team initiative focused on optimizing the effectiveness of manufacturing equipment D. Getting quicker by separating internal work activities and external work activities

A. A structured methodology and technique used to reduce the combined amount of Set-up and Start-up time it takes to change from running one specific calibration or type of product to another

The cost related to verifying, checking, and testing of purchased goods and/or services before use are example of which category of Cost of Quality? A. Appraisal costs B. Internal failure costs C. Prevention costs D. External failure costs

A. Appraisal costs

Which category of Cost of Quality includes the cost if an employee has to conduct field testing on information printed on new credit cards? A. Appraisal costs. B. Prevention costs C. Internal failure costs D. External failure costs

A. Appraisal costs

Your company decides to institute 100% inspection of a credit card vendor's plastic coating thickness. This change falls under which Cost of Quality category? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. Internal failure costs D. External failure costs

A. Appraisal costs

Which of the highlighted areas on this Cause and Effect Diagram is where one of the six major categories of causes is listed? A. Area A B. Area B C. Area C

A. Area A

Which type of Control Chart should be used to monitor the number of defects per unit? A. Attribute B. Variables

A. Attribute

Which type of Control Chart should be used to monitor the percent defective parts in a sample? A. Attribute B. Variables

A. Attribute

Which type of data is plotted on a c Chart? A. Attribute Data B. Variables Data

A. Attribute Data

Which type of data is plotted on a u Chart? A. Attribute Data B. Variables Data

A. Attribute Data

In the calculation for Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) under which category is the time for unplanned breakdowns captured? A. Availability B. Performance C. Quality D. Overall

A. Availability

Which term is used when opposing factions handle conflict by forming an alliance to influence others to accept their position? A. Coalition B. Compromise C. Consensus D. Cooperation

A. Coalition

Which of the following is NOT done in the PLAN stage of the PDCA cycle? A. Comparing results against target B. Defining what metrics will be used to measure success C. Determining root cause and potential solutions D. Determining the current state of the process

A. Comparing results against target

An action in which the cause of variation is identified and corrected temporarily is called... A. Corrective Action. B. Prevention. C. Compensating. D. Reaction.

A. Corrective Action.

The formula shown here is used to calculate which one of the following? A. Cp B. Ppk C. PPM defective D. Natural tolerance

A. Cp

Which one of the following is true for this process? A. Cpk is smaller than Cp B. Cpk is larger than Cp C. Cpk is equal to Cp

A. Cpk is smaller than Cp

Which one of the following terms describes the product or service characteristics that are defined by the customer (internal or external) as important to their needs? A. Critical to Quality Variables B. Critical to Solution Variables C. Quality Management Directives D. Critical Operational Variable

A. Critical to Quality Variables

Which term can be used to measure the capability of a process? A. Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) B. Process Quality C. Just in Time (JIT) D. Design of Experiments (DOE)

A. Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO)

If the intent of your project is to design and implement a new software package for tracking inventory, the initial Voice of the Customer analysis should be done in which project phase? A. Define/Measure B. Analyze C. Improve D. Control

A. Define/Measure

The use of graphical and numerical methods to organize, summarize and present data in a meaningful way for the purpose of making more informed decisions is known as... A. Descriptive Statistics. B. Quantitative Reasoning. C. Inferential Statistics. D. Qualitative Knowledge.

A. Descriptive Statistics.

Which Phase of Standard Work identifies the "best" approach to each work step, and standardizes that approach? A. Develop Standard Work B. Implement C. Establish Goals D. Analyze Current Process

A. Develop Standard Work

Which one of the following describes two classifications of quantitative data? A. Discrete and Continuous B. Discrete and Categorical C. Continuous and Categorical D. Attribute and Discrete

A. Discrete and Continuous

What is the term used to describe the process when an analyst predicts a value for the dependent variable outside the range of the data plotted on the Scatter Diagram? A. Extrapolation B. Nominal Group Technique C. Statification D. External prediciton

A. Extrapolation

A tool an improvement team can use to understand and strengthen the pros for change and evaluate and reduce, or eliminate, the cons against change is the... A. Force Field Analysis. B. Future Reality Tree. C. Control Plan. D. Pugh Matrix.

A. Force Field Analysis.

How is 5S/6S utilized during Lean improvement activities? A. Guides organizations to create and maintain an organized, clean and safe work environment as a foundation for achieving Lean B. Highlights the cost impact of adding queuing locations within the office area C. Used strictly in a manufacturing environment and is not generally utilized in any office or service Lean improvement activity D. Categorizes process steps into value-added and non value-added activities

A. Guides organizations to create and maintain an organized, clean and safe work environment as a foundation for achieving Lean

Using information gathered from sample data to make estimates, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data called a population is known as... A. Inferential Statistics. B. Data Dumping. C. an Informed Decision. D. Descriptive Statistics.

A. Inferential Statistics.

Which one of the following statements is correct? A. It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a negative standard deviation. B. It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a standard deviation equal to zero. C. It is impossible to have a sample of measurements where the mean is less than the standard deviation. D. It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a positive standard deviation.

A. It is impossible to have a sample of measurements with a negative standard deviation.

After data is collected on one or more of the six big losses, what Lean technique can be used to correct and/or eliminate the problem(s) A. Kaizen Event B. Changeover Reduction C. Error Proofing D. Visual controls

A. Kaizen Event

Which of the following is an example of Wasted Human Potential? A. Lack of proper tools, equipment, or supplies to properly perform the task B. An environment that builds morale C. Typographical errors D. Including everyone who performs a task in the improvement of that task

A. Lack of proper tools, equipment, or supplies to properly perform the task

A process map that provides an end-to-end view in only three to five steps is a... A. Level One process map. B. Level Two process map. C. Level Three process map. D. Level Four process map.

A. Level One process map.

These are the control charts for two similar machines. Since both Machine A and Machine B produce the same product, the opportunities for error are the same. However, the means for the two processes are different. How does the process capability of the two machines compare? A. Machine A is more capable. B. Machine B is more capable. C. Both machines have the same process capability.

A. Machine A is more capable.

Which measurement is more sensitive to extreme values in the data? A. Mean B. Median C. Mode

A. Mean

Common cause variation is also known as... A. Natural cause variation. B. Special cause variation. C. Assignable cause variation. D. Unnatural cause variation.

A. Natural cause variation.

Which Lean metric is calculated by subtracting out any time that the value stream is not operating due to meetings, breaks, or other scheduled downtime? A. Net Available Time B. Cycle Time C. Downtime Deduction Time D. Scheduled Work Time

A. Net Available Time

What type of communication focuses on getting the message to the receiver. It is very message centered. A. One-way Communication B. Two-way Communication C. Transaction Communication D. None of the above

A. One-way Communication

Which of the following is an example of a self-explaining Visual Management technique? A. Pictures that describe the work that is taking place B. Written work procedures stored in a central library away from the work area C. Having root cause analysis reasons available D. Painting the floor with non-slippery material

A. Pictures that describe the work that is taking place

Which phase of PDCA helps the team leader focus on the early planning for the meeting? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

A. Plan

Which of the following best describes the type of maintenance that focuses on proactive maintenance to prevent breakdowns? A. Preventive Maintenance B. Corrective Maintenance C. Maintenance Prevention D. Breakdown Maintenance

A. Preventive Maintenance

Examine the two processes A and B shown. Which one of the following statements is correct? A. Process A is more capable than Process B. B. Process B is more capable than Process A. C. Cannot compare the capability of two processes that are not centered on target. D. Cannot compare the capability of two processes that have different amounts of spread.

A. Process A is more capable than Process B.

The day-to-day task for monitoring and continual improvement of the process is the responsibility of the... A. Process Owner. B. Project Manager. C. upper management. D. front line workers.

A. Process Owner.

The goal when looking at a Product Family Matrix is to look at product or services from a _________ point of view. A. Processing B. Takt time C. Waste D. Level of Market Competition

A. Processing

Which type of data is not measured on a numerical scale? A. Qualitative B. Quantitative C. Continuous D. Discrete

A. Qualitative

Which of the following is one of the best methods (however very complex and mostly used by Design for Six Sigma teams) to tie product and service design decisions directly to the Voice of the Customer? A. Quality Function Deployment B. Fishbone Diagram C. Perceptual Map D. Focus Group

A. Quality Function Deployment

Which degree of Active Listening occurs when the listener presents the message heard using the exact same words stated by the speaker? A. Repeating B. Paraphrasing C. Reflecting D. None of the above

A. Repeating

The components of an Implementation Plan are the Solution Statement, the Work Plan, a Budget and Resource Plan, and a... A. Risk Assessment. B. Current Reality Tree. C. Future Reality Tree. D. Affinity Diagram.

A. Risk Assessment.

When you process what is received through listening and clarifying questions and not jumping to conclusions, which of the four Active Listening rules are you demonstrating? A. Seek to understand before you seek to be understood B. Withhold judgement C. Give your undivided attention to the speaker D. Use silence effectively

A. Seek to understand before you seek to be understood

Which one of the following best describes "net profit"? A. Selling price minus costs B. The selling price of the product or service C. Selling price plus costs D. Selling price minus COPQ

A. Selling price minus costs

Which Lean concept guides companies to document the best way to utilize their people, equipment, and materials in order to create a work method that meets the needs of the customer with the least amount of waste possible? A. Standard Work B. Kaizen Event C. 5S D. Eight Wastes

A. Standard Work

Which of the following is considered waste? A. Storing extra items in a warehouse B. Properly training operators C. Packaging products for shipment D. Handling customer orders

A. Storing extra items in a warehouse

What is the final phase of 5S? A. Sustain B. Shine C. Set in Order D. Standardize E. Sort

A. Sustain

A sampling method that uses a rule or pattern to select elements from the population to form the sample is known as... A. Systematic Sampling. B. Random Sampling. C. Sampling with Replacement. D. Sampling without Replacement.

A. Systematic Sampling.

What is an effective method for dealing with conflict when a person or side needs time to consider the opposing arguments? A. Tabling the issue B. Talking about the conflict C. Generating alternatives D. Making a list

A. Tabling the issue

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, what does the OCC (Occurrence) rating indicate? A. The likelihood of the failure occurring B. The likelihood that the current control system will detect the cause or failure mode when it occurs C. How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer D. How long the failure will last

A. The likelihood of the failure occurring

Takt time refers to: A. The rate at which your process needs to produce the product or service to meet customer demand. B. The overall process time from raw material to customer. C. The time it takes to transport the product. D. The average cycle time of a machine in the process.

A. The rate at which your process needs to produce the product or service to meet customer demand.

Correlation refers to any kind of association or interdependence between two sets of data or variables. A. True B. False

A. True

For a successful VOC activity, the first step is planning. A. True B. False

A. True

In Workplace Design and Layout, standing is often better than sitting because it allows for ease of movement and is more flexible to the operator. A. True B. False

A. True

In a completed SIPOC Diagram, the requirement metrics have to be measurable. A. True B. False

A. True

Is the following statement True or False? FMEA stands for failure mode and effects analysis. A. True B. False

A. True

Standard Work defines who, what, when and where work is to be performed. A. True B. False

A. True

The cellular environment and one-piece completion process of Continuous Flow enables organizations to identify and eliminate non value-adding activities that were previously hidden. A. True B. False

A. True

The strength of the relationship between two variables is determined visually by the tightness of the cluster of points on the Scatter Diagram around the line of best fit drawn through the points. A. True B. False

A. True

Total Productive Maintenance performance utilizes the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) metric to characterize the overall performance of a single piece of equipment or even an entire factory. A. True B. False

A. True

True or False? Every team member should take an active role in leveraging a project. A. True B. False

A. True

True or false? "In any sample data set, the sum of all the values is equal to the product of the mean and the sample size." A. True B. False

A. True

In Workplace Design and Layout, which cell design is used to minimize travel and material handling? A. U-Shape B. Circle C. Straight Line D. Converging Line

A. U-Shape

Which Visual Management visual cue is intended to communicate information, but not that an immediate reaction is required? A. Visual Display B. Visual Condition C. Visual Control D. Visual Target

A. Visual Display

A tool that helps turn a large, seemingly overwhelming amount of work into tasks that are doable, manageable, and measurable is called a... A. WBS (Work Breakdown Structure). B. SIPOC. C. Project Charter. D. SMART.

A. WBS (Work Breakdown Structure).

When can internal activities be performed? A. When the machine is not running B. While the equipment is in use C. During the last good portion of the previous run D. When the machine is starting up

A. When the machine is not running

What type of Kanban is used when one container of parts is to be moved to a production line or supermarket? A. Withdrawal Kanban B. One-card Kanban C. Kanban Square D. Two-card Kanban

A. Withdrawal Kanban

A simple tool that shows how alternative solutions compare with the existing process in meeting defined criteria is called... A. a solution design matrix. B. a solution diagram. C. a solution tree. D. a solution map

A. a solution design matrix.

A Cause and Effect Diagram is _____. A. a tool used to identify and organize potential root causes B. another name for a process map C. a diagram depicting the recommended improvement to a process D. not typically used for Six Sigma projects

A. a tool used to identify and organize potential root causes

Which of the four conflict modes is both highly assertive and highly cooperative? A. collaborating B. avoiding C. compromising D. accommodating

A. collaborating

The rope in a theory of constraints system... A. controls material release duration in order to keep the buffer at a certain level. B. authorizes production. C. protects the pace. D. sets the pace.

A. controls material release duration in order to keep the buffer at a certain level.

The Pareto Chart was... A. developed by Italian economist named Vilfredo Pareto. B. developed by an Italian math professor named Pareto Guiliani. C. developed by Walter Shewhart. D. developed by Professor Ishikawa.

A. developed by Italian economist named Vilfredo Pareto.

A data presentation tool that is a table showing the number of occurrences in each class or category in a data set is a... A. frequency distribution. B. pie chart. C. frequency histogram. D. relative frequency distribution.

A. frequency distribution.

Quantifiable savings that allows an organization to do the same amount of work (or more work) with fewer resources are.... A. hard savings. B. soft savings. C. cost avoidance savings. D. direct savings.

A. hard savings.

The control chart for this process shows a decrease in u-bar. Select the choice that best completes the following statement: "If this is the only change in the process, then the capability of this process has..." A. has gotten better. B. has gotten worse. C. will not change when u-bar changes.

A. has gotten better.

The primary goal of Lean is to eliminate waste and... A. improve flow in the Value Stream. B. identify opportunities for inspection. C. increase the level of safety stock. D. reduce resources.

A. improve flow in the Value Stream.

What are the two categories of change drivers? A. internal and external drivers B. competitive and strategic drivers C. personal and organizational drivers D. economic and technological drivers

A. internal and external drivers

A reliability metric suitable for longer periods of time but not useful for daily or weekly reporting is... A. mean time between failure (MTBF). B. overall quality rate. C. reliability rate. D. mean time to repair (MTTR).

A. mean time between failure (MTBF).

In a theory of constraints context, policies, rules, measurements, and training are examples of... A. non-physical constraints. B. organizational imperatives. C. physical constraints. D. things needing to be buffered.

A. non-physical constraints.

Sub-optimization... A. occurs when each individual function runs at peak performance without considering other functions or needs. B. describes allowing sub-par performance of the supply chain. C. considers not improving the entire process across the value stream to meet customer requirements

A. occurs when each individual function runs at peak performance without considering other functions or needs.

Another term for continuous flow is.... A. one piece flow. B. non stop production. C. inspection free material. D. zero maintenance time.

A. one piece flow.

Which one of the following Control Charts would be used to monitor Attribute Data? A. p Chart B. X-bar and S Chart C. X-bar and R Chart

A. p Chart

Error Proofing is a technique used to make failure or potential failure easy to detect or to.... A. prevent it from occurring. B. rework it. C. redesign it. D. eliminate it.

A. prevent it from occurring.

An Error Proofing "control".... A. prevents a failure from moving forward until it has been corrected. B. provides only a signal that an error has occurred, but work can continue C. shuts down the process completely when an abnormality has been detected. D. lets the operator know the process is out of control.

A. prevents a failure from moving forward until it has been corrected.

In Visual Management, an example of visual display is... A. printed and posted metric charts. B. control charts. C. designated areas for inbound and outbound work. D. a shadow box containing all the necessary tools to complete the job.

A. printed and posted metric charts.

If the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05... A. reject the null hypothesis; determine there is a statistically significant difference. B. rerun the hypothesis test. C. collect more data (increase the sample size). D. accept the null hypothesis; there is no statistically significant difference.

A. reject the null hypothesis; determine there is a statistically significant difference.

The Scatter Diagram... A. shows the type of correlation that may exist between two variables. B. shows the relationship between the mean and standard deviation of the data. C. displays the amount of variablility in multiple samples. D. requires the data be plotted in time order sequence.

A. shows the type of correlation that may exist between two variables.

In a distribution, the mean is 13.79 and the median is 21. The distribution is... A. skewed left. B. skewed right. C. symmetrical. D. bell-shaped.

A. skewed left.

A Control Plan is a written summary of the systematic approach the team will use to minimize product and process variation. It outlines... A. the steps that should be followed to ensure all process outputs are stable and operating within required specifications. B. defining the problem, measuring the process baseline, analyzing key metrics, improving the process, and controlling key variables to hold the gains. C. planning the control exercise, confirming the scope, gathering data and information, creating a draft map, and validating the final output. D. taking the results from one project and applying them to another.

A. the steps that should be followed to ensure all process outputs are stable and operating within required specifications.

In a theory of constraints system, throughput of the process is determined by... A. the system constraint, or weak link. B. the money flowing out of the system. C. the money in the system. D. customer demand.

A. the system constraint, or weak link

A collection of objects or individuals with at least one characteristic in common is called a... A. parameter. B. portion. C. population. D. poll.

C. population.

Which of the following types of Communication relies on the listener's interpretation of body language regardless of whether the communication is a positive thumbs sign up or a negative sigh and a look of exasperation? A. Closed Communication B. Non-verbal Communication C. Verbal Communication D. Open Communication

B. Non-verbal Communication

What is the basic difference in detecting waste in manufacturing and transactional environments? A. Manufacturing waste is harder to quantify. B. Office output is often intangible and can take the form of information flow. C. In manufacturing it takes a SME to find waste and in the office it doesn't. D. There are no differences; waste is detected in the same manner regardless of environment.

B. Office output is often intangible and can take the form of information flow.

The Value Stream of a product or service can be broken down into three parts. What are the three parts? A. 1) The flow of invoices from suppliers to customers, 2) the collection of materials for use in products and services, and 3) the flow of information that supports the material flow and its transformation. B. 1) The flow of materials from suppliers to customers, including internal and external customers, 2) the transformation of materials into products and services, and 3) the flow of information that supports the material flow and its transformation. C. 1) The materials used by suppliers and customers, including both internal and external customers, 2) the arrangement of materials and data into products and services, and 3) the flow of workforce labor that supports the material flow and its transformation. D. 1) The lead time the supplier needs, 2) the value-added portion of the operation, and 3) the flow of the back office "hidden factory."

B. 1) The flow of materials from suppliers to customers, including internal and external customers, 2) the transformation of materials into products and services, and 3) the flow of information that supports the material flow and its transformation.

After the Current State Value Stream Map has been created, what is the next step? A. Draw a detailed process flow map and assign metrics B. Analyze the current process and flow to develop a clear vision of the desired future state C. Develop a checklist and walk the process D. Implement changes identified by the CSVSM

B. Analyze the current process and flow to develop a clear vision of the desired future state

Which of the highlighted areas on this Cause and Effect diagram represents the "effect"? A. Area A B. Area B C. Area C

B. Area B

Which one of the following best describes a positive correlation between two variables as displayed on a Scatter Diagram? A. As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables decrease. B. As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables increase. C. As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables increase to a maximum value and then decrease. D. As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables decrease to a minimum value and then increase.

B. As the values of the independent variable increase the corresponding values of the dependent variables increase.

In a Cause and Effect Diagram, the terms Process, People, Measurement, Environment, Equipment, and Materials are most often associated with which of the following? A. Categories of the effect B. Categories of major causes C. Assignable causes D. The head of the fish

B. Categories of major causes

Which type of question has limited response options, often resulting in a Yes or No answer? A. Open-ended B. Closed-ended C. Probing

B. Closed-ended

Which of the following is a decision process where each member accepts the group's decision on the basis of logic and feasibility? A. Compromise B. Consensus C. Hard approach D. Soft approach

B. Consensus

Which of the following concepts results in fewer opportunities for operator error, improved quality output, and higher overall efficiency? A. Takt Time B. Continuous Flow C. Production Scheduling D. Value-added Processing

B. Continuous Flow

Which of the following is the process of working together for a common purpose or benefit? A. Assertiveness B. Cooperation C. Communication D. Conflict Management

B. Cooperation

Which of the following best describes the type of maintenance that focuses on equipment improvements or modifications to prevent breakdowns or make maintenance easier? A. Breakdown Maintenance B. Corrective Maintenance C. Preventive Maintenance D. Equipment Maintenance

B. Corrective Maintenance

For this process, which one of the following is true? A. Cp is smaller than Cpk B. Cp is greater than Cpk C. Cp is equal to Cpk

B. Cp is greater than Cpk

Which one of the following expresses the defect level for a process? A. DRUW (defect rate for unit of work) B. DPMO (defects per million opportunities) C. DRPO (defect rate per opportunity) D. Per cent waste divided by the per cent of rework

B. DPMO (defects per million opportunities)

Which meetings have the highest potential for conflict? A. Information-sharing and decision-making B. Decision-making and problem-solving C. Information-sharing and training D. Problem-solving and training

B. Decision-making and problem-solving

Which term describes the Six Sigma Methodology used for process improvement? A. Process Problem Improvement (PPI) B. Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) C. Process Quality Management and Improvement (PQMI) D. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)

B. Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC)

What tools are best used to share lessons learned from projects? A. Team meetings, the Internet, and spin-offs B. Documentation, communication, and training C. Replication projects, spin-offs, and repeat activities D. Define, Measure, Analyze, Control, and Improve

B. Documentation, communication, and training

Who is responsible for the sponsorship and commitment of an organization to the Lean Methodology? A. Kaizen Team Leader B. Executive Champion C. Lean Leader D. Project Champion

B. Executive Champion

Which of the following statements is true if the p-value is > 0.05? A. The sample size is too small B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis C. There is a significant difference D. Reject the null in favor of the alternate hypothesis

B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis

In the office environment, a well-designed work area for co-located teams requires high cubicle walls to cut down on noise and allow for better concentration. A. True B. False

B. False

Is the following statement true or false? "If a process is centered on target, its capability can not be improved." A. True B. False

B. False

When plotting a Scatter Diagram, the values of each variable are sorted independently from smallest to largest and then plotted as pairs. A. True B. False

B. False

When using a solution design matrix, the importance rating of each of the key criteria items is the same. A. True B. False

B. False

Which test represents the best choice if you wanted to compare the average number of adjustments made by service representatives at five different locations in Texas? A. Paired t-test B. One-Way ANOVA C. 1-Sample t-test D. 2-Sample t-test

B. One-Way ANOVA

Which type of conflict can occur between people with similar levels of power and responsibility within an organization? A. Manager-to-Employee Conflict B. Peer-to-peer Conflict C. Work Team or Unit Conflict D. Personal Conflict

B. Peer-to-peer Conflict

Cycle time loss due to equipment wear is identified and captured in which Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) category? A. Availability B. Performance C. Quality D. Overall

B. Performance

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Credit Grabber?" A. Likes to be "in the know" and involved in decision making. B. Prone to overstating their contribution to group decisions, and may take advantage of others' help without acknowledging them. C. Tends to reassign their responsibilities to others. D. Resists taking responsibility for their actions.

B. Prone to overstating their contribution to group decisions, and may take advantage of others' help without acknowledging them.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the A3 Countermeasures? A. Actions that address existing conditions B. Putting in place a one time permanent solution that solves the problem C. A temporary response until a better approach is found or conditions change D. Short term and long term actions

B. Putting in place a one time permanent solution that solves the problem

In order to create a foundation of sincerity and engage each person in the conversation, which of the following is important for both the speaker and the receiver when communicating? A. Positive Messaging B. Rapport C. Reflecting D. None of the above

B. Rapport

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, what does the DET (Detection) rating indicate? A. The likelihood of the failure occurring B. The likelihood that the current control system will detect the failure mode should it occur C. How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer D. How long the failure will last

B. The likelihood that the current control system will detect the failure mode should it occur

What is being described by the following? It tells a clear and concise story. It contains objective facts and data; not just speculation, but actual data based on observation. It solves a problem. A. The importance of a PDCA study B. The three critical components of a good A3 C. The best way to draw a Gemba roadmap D. The steps of a good root cause investigation

B. The three critical components of a good A3

There are multiple types of hypothesis tests. What drives the selection of the proper test? A. P-value B. The type of data you are working with C. Sample size D. Process capability

B. The type of data you are working with

Which of the following techniques is used to complement the Visual Management concept? A. SIPOC B. Tool locations that are clearly designated C. Cause & Effect Diagrams D. FMEA

B. Tool locations that are clearly designated

What is "leveraging the project"? A. Not necessary in most organizations. B. Turning the knowledge gained during the project into knowledge that can be used across the enterprise. C. Something the process owner should do if there is sufficient time available. D. An expensive process.

B. Turning the knowledge gained during the project into knowledge that can be used across the enterprise.

What type of communication recognizes the role of the receiver as a communicator through feedback? It is also message centered and is a very simplistic view of the communication process. A. One-way Communication B. Two-way Communication C. Transaction Communication D. None of the above

B. Two-way Communication

Which type of Control Chart should be used to monitor the diameter of a pipe? A. Attribute B. Variables

B. Variables

Which type of data is plotted on an X-bar and S Chart? A. Attribute Data B. Variables Data

B. Variables Data

Which one of the following best describes the relationship of the points shown on this Scatter Diagram? A. Strong Positive B. Weak Positive C. No linear correlation exists D. Weak Negative E. Strong Negative

B. Weak Positive

Which of the four rules of Active Listening is used when you avoid stereotyping and pre-conceived opinions and positions? A. Seek to understand before you seek to be understood B. Withhold judgement C. Give your undivided attention to the speaker D. Use silence effectively

B. Withhold judgement

Standard Work Sheets contain Timing, Outcome and what other key component? A. Current State Value Stream Map B. Work Sequence: the step-by-step order of operations C. Inventory on hand D. The annual or semi-annual review date

B. Work Sequence: the step-by-step order of operations

In a Changeover Reduction project, external work is described as: A. Work that occurs outside a manufacturing facility B. Work that may be performed when the process is running C. Work that can occur only when the process is stopped D. Work that needs to be executed by an external facility

B. Work that may be performed when the process is running

A count or measurement of the entire population is known as... A. a sample. B. a census. C. random sampling. D. cluster sampling.

B. a census.

If the data from a valid measurement system showed the number of balance inquiry calls to a call center varied greatly on two different days when the answering of calls had been changed to a new department, it would be due to... A. expected variation. B. a change to the process. C. a change to the measurement system. D. a change to the calendar.

B. a change to the process.

A sample in statistics is... A. the people selected from a designated country. B. a portion of the population under study. C. the people selected at random from the population of a designated city. D. all the elements in a population.

B. a portion of the population under study.

The primary purpose of Changeover Reduction is to... A. eliminate waste. B. increase production capacity. C. decrease manufacturing process steps. D. increase yield of transactions."

B. increase production capacity.

Workplace Design is best described as... A. reducing the time and cost of transitioning a process from producing one product to producing a different product. B. a process for creating a workspace to enhance value by minimizing travel distances, eliminating waste, reducing lead times, improving teamwork, and gaining flexibility. C. having suppliers and customers share floor space with your company. D. designing the workplace to minimize people-related costs.

B. a process for creating a workspace to enhance value by minimizing travel distances, eliminating waste, reducing lead times, improving teamwork, and gaining flexibility.

Defects typically cause or result in... A. lower costs. B. added costs. C. higher profits. D. decrease of liability.

B. added costs.

Standard Work focuses on creating the... A. perfect way to perform work. B. best possible work method. C. way the Process Owners feel it should be done. D. way it was proposed for cost estimates.

B. best possible work method.

All of the following should be included in a process map except... A. available data, such as sigma level, COPQ, and defect rate. B. cause and effect relationships. C. the sequence of activities and decision points. D. rework loops.

B. cause and effect relationships.

Before beginning the actual task of mapping a process it is important to... A. define the number of decision points in the process. B. clearly define the boundaries of the process. C. identify all the inputs to each process step. D. identify which decision points lead to a previous step in the process.

B. clearly define the boundaries of the process.

Which of the following is NOT one of the five attributes of resilient people? A. flexibility B. commitment C. organization D. positivity

B. commitment

In order to build stability in processes and create a foundation for improvement, Standard Work defines work activities for... A. suppliers and customers. B. content, timing, sequence, and outcome. C. sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain. D. visual controls, displays, and metrics.

B. content, timing, sequence, and outcome.

A TOC tool which is used to examine the cause and effect logic behind the current situation and which helps determine why that situation is different from its preferred state is the... A. intermediate objective map. B. current reality tree. C. prerequisite tree. D. future reality tree.

B. current reality tree.

Information collected and evaluated that we use to make conclusions is called... A. sampling. B. data. C. variables. D. populations.

B. data.

When creating the Future State Value Stream Map, the last step is to... A. contact the Deployment Champion. B. develop operational Pull Systems between any steps where product cannot flow continuously. C. allow inventory to build up between steps to ensure sufficient availability. D. reduce the number of your suppliers.

B. develop operational Pull Systems between any steps where product cannot flow continuously.

Think of 6S as the first layer of the foundation needed to support Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The other foundational parts upon which TPM is built are the... A. maximization of profits and shareholder value. B. elimination of waste and continuous improvement. C. reduction of variation and efficiency improvement. D. complete training and reduction of loss time.

B. elimination of waste and continuous improvement.

Three general categories used to classify reasons accounting for change in selected data are... A. personal opinion, business goals, and calendar events. B. expected variation, change to the process, and change to the measurement system. C. scientific exploration, analytical data collection, and empirical observations. D. personal experience, scientific data collections, and third party surveys.

B. expected variation, change to the process, and change to the measurement system.

Which of the following best describes characteristics of people going through Stage 1 of the four change transition phases? A. failure to acknowledge the necessity for change and attempts to sabotage change efforts B. failure to acknowledge the reality of change and tendency to avoid discussing changes C. attempts to prevent change and lost productivity D. increased excitement about new procedures and renewed sense of teamwork

B. failure to acknowledge the reality of change and tendency to avoid discussing changes

Before running ANOVA, check... A. to make sure that you have nonparametric data. B. for normality and equal variances between samples. C. for a low p-value. D. process capability.

B. for normality and equal variances between samples.

When the variation in a process is reduced, its natural tolerance will... A. get larger. B. get smaller. C. remain the same.

B. get smaller.

The amount of improvement a team expects to achieve as a result of the project is defined in the... A. problem statement. B. goal or AIM statement. C. stakeholder analysis. D. scope statement.

B. goal or AIM statement.

Clearly defining the boundaries of a process... A. helps define customer requirements. B. helps prevent "scope creep." C. drives automation improvements. D. allows for management techniques to take effect.

B. helps prevent "scope creep.

In the pursuit of continuous improvement, the Pareto Chart can be very useful in... A. identifying when a process is stable. B. identifying which opportunity or problem the team should focus on. C. identifying the variation in a process parameter. D. identifying the flow of a process.

B. identifying which opportunity or problem the team should focus on.

Using error or mistake proofing within Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is the preferred method for... A. avoiding having to make a design change. B. improving detection techniques or equipment. C. adding inspection points in the process to monitor for the failure mode. D. changing the specifications to eliminate the defect.

B. improving detection techniques or equipment.

A focus group can be defined as... A. one-on-one interviews with many people at the same time. B. in-depth qualitative interviews with a small number of carefully selected people. C. a representative sample of a population that is selected to complete a written survey. D. beginning the process of designing a product or service with the needs and expectations of the customer in mind.

B. in-depth qualitative interviews with a small number of carefully selected people.

A SIPOC is the first tool the team may use as it begins to identify process shortcomings that do not meet customer requirements and... A. suppliers that should be released from their contracts. B. inputs that do not meet its requirements. C. requirements that need to be renegotiated. D. outputs to slow down so the customers can handle them better.

B. inputs that do not meet its requirements.

A Kaizen Event... A. is typically carried out over a period of a year or two. B. is designed to produce rapid results. C. implements improvements to the entire value stream at the same time. D. comes from the Japanese word "Kaizen" meaning "the place where the truth can be found."

B. is designed to produce rapid results.

Select the choice that best completes the following statement: "The natural tolerance of Process A is _______ the natural tolerance of Process B." A. smaller than B. larger than C. equal to

B. larger than

What is the main purpose of using a Cause and Effect Diagram? A. identify special cause variation B. perform root cause analysis C. estimate process capability D. estimate process variation

B. perform root cause analysis

An Error Proofing "alert".... A. prevents a failure from moving forward uncorrected. B. provides a signal that an error has occurred. C. shuts down the process completely when an abnormality has been detected. D. alerts management to visit the process.

B. provides a signal that an error has occurred.

Which one of the following best completes the statement? The shape of the data shown in this graph can best be described as... A. bell-shaped B. skewed right C. skewed left D. uniform

B. skewed right

In a distribution, the mean is 23 and the median is 15.79. The distribution is... A. skewed left. B. skewed right. C. symmetrical. D. bell-shaped.

B. skewed right.

An improvement project resulted in increased job satisfaction. This is an example of... A. hard savings. B. soft savings. C. cost avoidance savings. D. direct savings.

B. soft savings.

Non-tangible savings, such as cost avoidance and increased customer satisfaction, are called... A. hard savings. B. soft savings. C. bottom line savings. D. asset based savings.

B. soft savings.

In a cumulative relative frequency curve, the interval with the highest proportion of measurements is the interval with the... A. flattest slope. B. steepest slope. C. backward slope. D. negative slope.

B. steepest slope.

One of the key ideas in Goldratt's theory of constraints is to maximize system performance by... A. balancing the production line, i.e., equal capacity at each operation. B. strengthening the weakest link the chain. C. maximizing production at each operation. D. minimizing the buffer.

B. strengthening the weakest link the chain.

Select the choice that best completes the following statement: Cpk differs from Cp because the calculation for Cpk uses... A. the process standard deviation, sigma. B. the process mean, mu. C. specification limits.

B. the process mean, mu.

Given the frequency table shown here, which one of the following correctly lists the values for the mean, median and mode, respectively? A. 875, 0, 0 B. 875, .5 , 0 C. 375, .5, 0 D. 375, 0, 0

B.875, .5 , 0

When developing a process map... A. use standard operating procedures to validate the process. B. document only what you know of the process. C. "walk the process" in order to develop an accurate representation. D. document only what the subject matter expert told you to ensure accuracy.

C. "walk the process" in order to develop an accurate representation.

A large population has a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 40. Which one of the following intervals would contain approximately 95% of the measurements? A. (160 , 240) B. (140 , 260) C. (120 , 280) D. (200 , 320)

C. (120 , 280)

In the following frequency distribution, what is the frequency for the third class represented by the red letter A? A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 18

C. 14

For the data shown here, which answer correctly lists the values for the mean, median, and mode, respectively? Data: 18, 19, 22, 20, 64, 24, 18, 23 A. 26, 20, 18 B. 21, 26, 64 C. 26, 21, 18 D. 21, 21, 18

C. 26, 21, 18

For a process running at the six sigma level of quality, which one of the following represents the equivalent Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value? A. 66,810 B. 10,000 C. 3.4 D. 6,000

C. 3.4

The 80 - 20 rule implies that... A. 80% of the problems account for 20% of the cost. B. 80% of the problems account for 20% of the occurrences. C. 80% of the problems are produced by 20% of the causes. D. the trivial many have four times as many occurrences as the vital few.

C. 80% of the problems are produced by 20% of the causes.

If the capability of a centered process improves, which one of the following might explain the improvement if that is the only change that occurs in the process? A. An increase in the process variation B. The width of the specification limits decreased C. A decrease in the process variation D. An increase in the process variation and a shift off center

C. A decrease in the process variation

Which one of the following represents a more severe risk for a Risk Priority Number? A. A value of zero B. A negative value C. A higher value D. A lower value

C. A higher value

We know that voice of the process data is compared to the voice of the customer to determine process capability. With that understanding, which one of the following, by itself, could be used to assess the capability of a process? A. A control chart with both an upper and lower control limit B. A histogram C. A histogram with specification limits D. A Pareto chart

C. A histogram with specification limits

When the term "Pull" is used in Lean thinking, who is ultimately doing the pulling? A. Downstream operations B. Takt Time C. Actual customer requests, orders, or consumption D. The cycle time

C. Actual customer requests, orders, or consumption

Which factor should be considered when selecting improvement projects? A. Order of project submittal B. The impact on the Human Resources department C. Alignment with business strategy and goals D. How success will be rewarded

C. Alignment with business strategy and goals

Which of the following is the best description of "waste" in Lean methodology? A. Low-cost / no-cost solutions that provide only a small amount of value to a product or service B. Small batch sizes that keep inventory/work moving through the system but are not as easy for batch operators as a large batch would be C. Any process activity that does not add value to the transformation of materials or information into a product or service delivered to a customer D. Utilizing a Pull system based on actual consumption doesn't prepare adequately for the "just in case" scenarios that inevitably arise

C. Any process activity that does not add value to the transformation of materials or information into a product or service delivered to a customer

Which one of the following best describes the four main categories of costs included in cost of quality? A. Defects, net profit, net loss, entitlement costs B. Opportunities, profitability, defect rate, error prevention C. Appraisal, internal failure, prevention, external failure D. Training, communication, lost time on the job, documentation

C. Appraisal, internal failure, prevention, external failure

A Product Family refers to a group of products that go through the same or similar process steps, with similar process times and demand rates. How much of the same processing steps are usually shared? A. 100% B. At least 20% C. At least 80% D. At least 50%

C. At least 80%

Which of the following is most often used with a Cause and Effect Diagram during problem solving analysis? A. Measurement system analysis B. Capability analysis C. Brainstorming D. Estimation of common cause variation

C. Brainstorming

If a customer requires a defect-free product, this is called a... A. CTC. B. CTD. C. CTQ. D. CTS.

C. CTQ.

A metric that describes the amount of time elapsed from completion of the last good part of a production run, to the first good part of the next run is known as: A. Set-up time B. Start-up time C. Changeover time D. Takt time

C. Changeover time

Measuring the effectiveness of the test solution and determining if it can be improved occurs in which PDCA phase? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

C. Check

Which phase of PDCA is used to discover how things went and where you might improve for the next meeting? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

C. Check

Which of the following questions allow very little freedom in how they may be answered? They are often "yes or no" questions. A. Open Questions B. Focused Questions C. Closed Questions D. Leading Questions

C. Closed Questions

Which plan is created to ensure that the champion, mentor, process owner, and key stakeholders are aware of the team's purpose, objectives, members, meetings and deliverables? A. Business Plan B. GRPI Plan C. Communication Plan D. AIM Statement

C. Communication

Which term is used when conflict is handled by dividing the differences to reach an agreement that is satisfactory to both parties? A. Comparison B. Consensus C. Compromise D. Coalition

C. Compromise

A Chi-Square test creates a table that is known as... A. ANOVA table. B. Table of descriptive statistics. C. Contingency table. D. Table of main effects.

C. Contingency table.

This type of savings allows an organization to handle more business without adding resources, people or equipment. A. Hard savings B. Future savings C. Cost avoidance savings D. Soft savings

C. Cost avoidance savings

To meet customer requirements, the specification limits are changed so the spec width became smaller. Which one of the following is true? A. Cp gets smaller, Cpk stays the same. B. Cp stays the same, Cpk gets smaller. C. Cp and Cpk both get smaller. D. Cp and Cpk both get larger.

C. Cp and Cpk both get smaller.

Which of the following is the name given to the line shown on this graph? A. Frequency curve B. Cumulative Relative Frequency Curve C. Cumulative Frequency Curve D. Relative Frequency Curve

C. Cumulative Frequency Curve

In which stage of the Six Sigma Methodology are the customer's requirements identified? A. Improve B. Analyze C. Define D. Control

C. Define

The SIPOC is often used in which phase of DMAIC because it helps process improvement teams generate the problem statement? A. Control B. Analyze C. Define D. Improve

C. Define

Which one of these diagrams shows how process capability can be determined? A. Diagram A B. Diagram B C. Diagram C

C. Diagram C

A Chi-Square test is used with what type of data? A. Nonparametric B. Continuous C. Discrete D. Variable

C. Discrete

Which of the following will enable flow? A. Supervising people B. Implementing a new inventory management system C. Eliminating sources of waste D. Reducing the number of your suppliers

C. Eliminating sources of waste

If a constant is added to each value in a given data set to produce a new data set, which one of the following describes how the standard deviation of the new data compares to the standard deviation of the original data set? A. Larger B. Smaller C. Equal to

C. Equal to

In which phase of implementing Standard Work does the team set expectations for the amount of time it should take to complete each activity? A. Develop Standard Work B. Implement C. Establish Goals D. Analyze Current Process

C. Establish Goals

Which one of the following categories best explains why the number of incoming calls at a service center varies slightly day-to-day? A. A change to the measurement system B. A change to the process C. Expected or common cause variation D. None of the above

C. Expected or common cause variation

In which of the four change transition stages do organizations begin to see results from their change efforts and experience increased curiosity and boosted morale? A. Denial B. Resistance C. Exploration D. Commitment

C. Exploration

Which one of the following uses a Risk Priority Number in assessing and prioritizing improvement efforts? A. Histogram B. Pareto Chart C. FMEA D. Cause and Effect Diagram

C. FMEA

Which step of the A3 process does the team define an ongoing process to ensure the gains obtained from the improved process are maintained? A. Background B. Countermeasures C. Follow-up D. Root Cause Analysis E. Current Condition

C. Follow-up

Which the four rules of Active Listening is used by avoiding multi-tasking which can lead to misunderstanding and misinterpreting the message? A. Seek to understand before you seek to be understood B. Withhold judgement C. Give your undivided attention to the speaker D. Use silence effectively

C. Give your undivided attention to the speaker

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, what does the SEV (Severity) rating indicate? A. The likelihood of the failure mode occurring B. The likelihood that the current control system will detect the cause or failure mode when it occurs C. How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer D. How long the failure will last

C. How significant the impact of a failure will be to the customer

The true test of significance is... A. the null hypothesis test. B. the alternate hypothesis test. C. p-value. D. Beta value.

C. p-value.

In which phase of implementing Standard Work is a communication plan for leadership and team members developed while making sure to set clear expectations for roles and responsibilities? A. Establish Goals B. Analyze Current Process C. Implement D. Develop Standard Wo

C. Implement

Which category of Cost of Quality would include the cost if a group of new cards is printed today with the wrong expiration date and scrapped before delivery to the customer? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. Internal failure costs D. External failure costs

C. Internal failure costs

In a production factory that has successfully implemented a Pull System, which of the following typically occurs? A. Increased prices B. Adding inventory to cover demand C. Less inventory D. Higher defect rate

C. Less inventory

What is the traditional industry target for Changeover Time? A. Less than 1 hour B. Less than 5 minutes C. Less than 10 minutes D. Less than 8 minutes

C. Less than 10 minutes

Which one of the following best describes the relationship of the points shown on this Scatter Diagram? A. Strong Positive B. Weak Positive C. No linear correlation exists D. Weak Negative E. Strong Negative

C. No linear correlation exists

A team needs to brainstorm potential solutions and establish a priority of importance based on the team's consensus. To do this they should use... A. Future Reality Tree. B. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. C. Nominal Group Technique. D. Benefit - Effort Matrix.

C. Nominal Group Technique.

Which one of the following describes how to calculate DPMO? A. Number of defects divided by one million B. Number of opportunities divided by one million multiplied by the number of defects C. Number of defects divided by the number of opportunities multiplied by one million

C. Number of defects divided by the number of opportunities multiplied by one million

In hypothesis testing, which of the following is NOT true regarding a Type I error? A. Occurs when you incorrectly reject the null hypothesis B. You claim there is a difference, but there really isn't one C. Occurs when there really is a difference but we miss it D. It is mutually exclusive from a Type II error

C. Occurs when there really is a difference but we miss it

Which type of question allows people to respond on their own terms in describing their thoughts and feelings? A. Probing B. Closed-ended C. Open-ended

C. Open-ended

In a 5S effort, what must be done before cleaning the work environment? A. Generate audit checklists B. Ensure the improvements are put in place as best practices C. Organize and arrange the items in the work place D. Maintain the improvements over time

C. Organize and arrange the items in the work place

When using a u Chart, "u" refers to which of the following terms? A. Unit Count B. Unit Percentage C. Per Unit D. Sample Unit

C. Per Unit

Which type of meeting is common in an organization that includes improvement teams and planning sessions? A. Information-sharing B. Decision-making C. Problem-solving D. Training

C. Problem-solving

Which one of these processes would have the least amount of measurements go out of spec if the process mean shifted towards the upper spec limit? A. Process A B. Process B C. Process C

C. Process C

If the capability of this process improves, which one of the following best describes a change that would occur? A. Process variation would increase. B. Specification limits would decrease. C. Process variation would decrease. D. Amount of product out of spec would increase.

C. Process variation would decrease.

The types of data used in statistics are... A. Numerical and Quantitative. B. Qualitative and Categorical. C. Qualitative and Quantitative. D. Variable and Constant.

C. Qualitative and Quantitative.

Scrap and rework are part of which of the following categories of the Six Big Losses? A. Availability B. Performance C. Quality D. Overall

C. Quality

Which of the following is often used to measure the impact of a process improvement project on business results? A. DOE B. CTQ C. ROI D. FMEA

C. ROI

One measurement that is often used to measure the impact of a process improvement project on business results is... A. DOE. B. CTQ. C. ROI. D. FMEA.

C. ROI.

Which of the following statements regarding Six Sigma is correct? A. Applies only to manufacturing B. Works best in financial processes C. Reduces variation and eliminates defects D. Focuses only on statistical measurement

C. Reduces variation and eliminates defects

Which degree of Active Listening occurs when the listener presents the message using his or her own words and sentence structure? A. Repeating B. Paraphrasing C. Reflecting D. None of the above

C. Reflecting

R&R in Gauge R&R represents... A. Reliable & Reduction. B. Readability & Resistance. C. Repeatability & Reproducibility. D. Record & Readjust.

C. Repeatability & Reproducibility.

What is ROI? A. Return on Inventory B. Rate of Increase C. Return on Investment D. Revenue over Investments

C. Return on Investment

In the 5S process, visual controls that communicate how work should be done are implement in which phase? A. Sort B. Shine C. Set in Order D. Standardize E. Sustain

C. Set in Order

Other names for Changeover Reduction are Quick Changeover, Set-up Reduction and... A. Production Improvement B. Process Optimization C. Single Minute Exchange of Die D. SIPOC

C. Single Minute Exchange of Die

Which Lean tool is useful in mapping the flow of the information or product through the office process? A. SIPOC Diagram B. Future State Value Stream Map C. Spaghetti Diagram D. Swim Lane Diagram

C. Spaghetti Diagram

Which of the following variables is quantitative? A. People's favorite sport B. Political party affiliation C. Square footage of a residential home D. Type of customer complaint

C. Square footage of a residential home

Who is likely to be affected by the outcome of the improvement project and could be responsible for the final decision on implementing the proposed solution? A. Team Leader B. Executive Champion C. Stakeholder D. Project Champion

C. Stakeholder

The symbol S refers to which one of the following terms? A. Sample Percentage B. Random Sample C. Standard Deviation D. Sample Average

C. Standard Deviation

This technique is performed by identifying related subgroups within the data to discover if a relationship exists between two variables that are plotted on a Scatter Diagram. A. Extrapolation B. Nominal Group Technique C. Stratification D. Multi-variable Analysis

C. Stratification

A polling service wants to conduct a survey of voter preferences within a city. The population of almost all of the city comprises six ethnic groups. The polling service wants to ensure that each of the six ethnic groups is well represented in the sample so the polling service groups them into their own subgroup before sampling. Which type of sampling technique was used in the survey? A. Simple random sampling B. Cluster sampling C. Stratified sampling D. Systematic sampling

C. Stratified sampling

What are the four keys to a successful Kaizen Event? A. Document, decipher, determine, and decide B. Write a Project Charter, perform Root Cause Analysis, assign blame, institute control C. Teamwork, waste elimination, discipline, and rapid execution D. PDCA - Propose, Design, Confirm, Achieve

C. Teamwork, waste elimination, discipline, and rapid execution

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Over-Delegator?" A. Likes to be "in the know" and involved in decision making. B. Prone to overstating their contribution to group decisions, and may take advantage of others' help without acknowledging them. C. Tends to reassign their responsibilities to others. D. Resists taking responsibility for their actions.

C. Tends to reassign their responsibilities to others

What type of communication involves a free flow of information back and forth until we all have an understanding? It takes into account the possibility of barriers. A. One-way Communication B. Two-way Communication C. Transactional Communication D. None of the above

C. Transactional Communication

Which of the following activities would not be a part of leveraging a project? A. Communicating project savings B. Sharing ideas and best practices C. Verifying root cause D. Identifying "spin-off" projects

C. Verifying root cause

Which Lean technique is commonly used with 5S in the Set in Order phase? A. Flow and pull B. Changeover reduction C. Visual controls D. Error Proofing

C. Visual controls

Where does the Project Charter's Measurable Goal come from? A. Business Case B. Management Directive C. Voice of the Customer (VOC) D. Project Plan

C. Voice of the Customer (VOC)

Which of the following is not one of the three V's of Communication? A. Verbal B. Visual C. Volume D. Vocal

C. Volume

A CTQ tree translates customer requirements into quantified requirements. Which of the following is an example of a quantified requirement for an auto repair shop? A. Clean waiting room B. Accurate and detailed bill C. Wait time for pick-up must not exceed 30 minutes D. Well-stocked vending machine

C. Wait time for pick-up must not exceed 30 minutes.

Which one of the following Control Charts would be used to monitor Variables Data? A. c Chart B. p Chart C. X-bar and S Chart D. u Chart

C. X-bar and S Chart

The Pareto Chart is... A. a simple bar chart where the height of each bar represents the cumulative frequency of a given category. B. an example of a stacked bar chart. C. a chart that consists of a series of bars where the height of each bar reflects the frequency or impact of problems. D. used for root cause isolation and correction.

C. a chart that consists of a series of bars where the height of each bar reflects the frequency or impact of problems.

In a Push System, works moves through the system based on... A. the customer. B. Cycle time. C. a forecast or open capacity. D. Takt Time.

C. a forecast or open capacity.

Total Productive Maintenance is best described as... A. reducing the time and cost of transitioning a process from producing one product to producing a different product. B. a process for creating a workspace to enhance value by minimizing travel distances, reducing lead times, improving teamwork, and gaining flexibility. C. a team and shop floor initiative focused on optimizing the effectiveness of manufacturing equipment. D. a limited scope improvement project intended to provide rapid results typically within one week.

C. a team and shop floor initiative focused on optimizing the effectiveness of manufacturing equipment.

VOC is... A. a weekly process. B. a one-time event. C. an ongoing process. D. a two-month Process.

C. an ongoing process.

The PLAN step of PDCA can actually be broken down into two activities:identifying and defining the process, product, or service problem, and... A. communicating with customers. B. selecting leverage metrics. C. analyzing the identified problem. D. choosing SMEs to assist in checking things out.

C. analyzing the identified problem.

Production equipment performance problems can be traced to six major losses. These include... A. failing to do, failing to plan, failing to act, failing to check, failing to track, and failing to report. B. motion, inventory, human potential, over production, defects, and waiting. C. breakdown loss, setup and adjustment loss, cycle time loss, machine stoppage due to parts shortages, startup rejects, and defect loss. D. lack of spare parts, under lubrication, management tampering, over adjustment, loose hardware, and lack of tools.

C. breakdown loss, setup and adjustment loss, cycle time loss, machine stoppage due to parts shortages, startup rejects, and defect loss.

The Goal or AIM Statement... A. proposes a solution. B. focuses on symptoms of the problem. C. guides the whole project and keeps the team on task. D. may contain a variable or unit of measure not included in the Problem Statement.

C. guides the whole project and keeps the team on task.

The sum of the deviations of the scores about the mean for any data set... A. is always negative. B. is always positive. C. is always zero. D. varies from sample to sample.

C. is always zero.

The Pareto Chart is primarily used to... A. map the process. B. provide a visual picture of a process that helps identify variations to target or where defects are occurring. C. prioritize problems from those that happen most often to those that happen least often. D. show the relationship between an effect and potential root causes.

C. prioritize problems from those that happen most often to those that happen least often.

The roadmap a team uses to manage and control resources, time and money to meet improvement objectives is the... A. problem statement. B. goal or AIM statement. C. project charter. D. business case.

C. project charter.

The buffer in a theory of constraints system... A. enforces the pace. B. authorizes production. C. protects the critical chain. D. sets the pace.

C. protects the critical chain.

One of the elements to include in the scope of a Kaizen Event is... A. products and/or services that will most benefit from the Event. B. who is going to tell the customer the problem is fixed. C. the starting and ending points that will define the Event boundaries. D. the reasons the last Kaizen Event failed.

C. the starting and ending points that will define the Event boundaries.

In the theory of constraints, the pace of a bottleneck production operation is controlled by the pace of... A. the previous (upstream) operation. B. the next (downstream) operation. C. the weakest link. D. another non bottleneck operation.

C. the weakest link

The natural tolerance of a process extends a distance of _______ on each side of the process mean. A. one sigma B. two sigma C. three sigma D. six sigma

C. three sigma

Which Control Chart should be used to monitor the number of defects per unit for unequal subgroup sizes? A. c Chart B. p Chart C. u Chart D. np Chart

C. u Chart

Responsibilities for the improvement project will transition from the Improvement Team to the Operations Team in which DMAIC phase? A. Improve B. Analyze C. Control D. Define

C.Control

What difficulty is often experienced while implementing Lean within a typical office environment? A. Lack of potential solutions being identified B. Lack of sufficient waste for action to be taken upon C. Personnel do not welcome change. They are happy the way things are. D. Lack of business objectives

CPersonnel do not welcome change.

For a bell-shaped distribution, which Z score value would best approximate the 84th percentile? A. -2 B. -1 C. 0 D. +1 E. +2

D. +1

Which test represents the best choice if you wanted to determine if there a difference in the ratio of call types between any of the Call Centers A, B, C, D? A. 1-Proportion Test B. 2-Proportion Test C. ANOVA D. Chi-Square test

D. Chi-Square test

The six-step process to build a Scatter Diagram is... A. Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control, Report. B. Verify data, Chart data, Analyze data, Track data, Extrapolate data, and Report data. C. Form the plan, Follow the plan, Find the data, Chart the data, Read the chart, and, Report the results. D. Collect Data, Arrange Data, Make Chart, Plot Data, Understand Chart, and Select Action.

D. Collect Data, Arrange Data, Make Chart, Plot Data, Understand Chart, and Select Action.

After establishing a team of Subject Matter Experts who have in-depth knowledge of the product and process, what are the next three steps of a Root Cause Analysis process? A. 1) Measure the symptom to gauge the needed action, 2) Correct the cause by running a Kaizen Event, 3) Re-measure the process to see if the problem has been eliminated. B. 1) Go to the Gemba, 2) Map the current state value stream, 3) Investigate the flow issues. C. 1) Identify and eliminate the cause of the variation, 2) Simplify the process so errors cannot occur, 3) Standardize the activities such that all work will be performed in exactly the same manner. D. 1) Define the problem in terms of the observed effect, 2) Analyze why and when the problem happened, 3) Develop a permanent solution to prevent the problem from reoccurring.

D. 1) Define the problem in terms of the observed effect, 2) Analyze why and when the problem happened, 3) Develop a permanent solution to prevent the problem from reoccurring.

There are three types of reactions in a Reaction Plan. They are... A. 1) simplify, 2) eliminate, and 3) standardize. B. 1) documentation, 2) communication, and 3) training. C. 1) pictures, 2) flowcharts, and 3) diagrams. D. 1) the compensation action, 2) a corrective action, and 3) prevention.

D. 1) the compensation action, 2) a corrective action, and 3) prevention.

For the sample data shown here, which one of the following correctly lists the value for the sample standard deviation? Data: 18, 19, 22, 20, 64, 24, 18, 23 A. 240.86 B. 210.75 C. 14.52 D. 15.52

D. 15.52

A process runs two 8 hour shifts with 60 minutes for lunch and breaks on each shift. The customer demand is 200 units. Which one of the following is the best approximation of the Takt time for this process? A. 12.5 units / hour B. 4.8 minutes / unit C. 2.1 minutes / unit D. 4.2 minutes / unit

D. 4.2 minutes / unit

Given the following computer printout for a set of sample data, which one of the following represents the value of the Interquartile Range? A. 22.3 B. 3.175 C. 5.075 D. 8.25

D. 8.25

Six Sigma has been described as a commitment to your customers, a statistical measurement of processes, and which of the following? A. A faddish theoretical method of quality management B. A way to increase variation C. A method to speed up the process D. A management framework for thinking about process economics, quality, and customers

D. A management framework for thinking about process economics, quality, and customers

The Power value represents the: A. Probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis B. Sample size of the test C. True test of significance D. Ability of the test to detect a difference if there is one

D. Ability of the test to detect a difference if there is one

A new process is standardized and implemented in which PDCA phase? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

D. Act

In which phase of PDCA does the team implement the improved solution in full? A. Plan B. Do C. Check D. Act

D. Act

Which of the following allows you to improve the process by removing barriers and enabling flow? A. Faster idle time B. Allowing inventory to build up between steps to ensure sufficient availability C. Utilizing Push Systems between steps D. Adjusting all process steps to produce to Takt Time or quicker

D. Adjusting all process steps to produce to Takt Time or quicker

Which of the following is a characteristic of successful Kaizen Event? A. The Event Week is given two weeks of time to assure everyone's opinion is heard. B. The agenda follows a free flow style to allow for everyone's approach to receive equal consideration. C. Complaint data is used exclusively as input for what needs to be done. D. All team members commit to focus on the Kaizen Event full time for the entire event.

D. All team members commit to focus on the Kaizen Event full time for the entire event.

Which of the following personality types is characterized as "The Pessimist?" A. Aggressive or passive-aggressive behavior, and often displays a single-minded focus and intense drive to get things done. B. Knowledgeable and competent, and often a very valuable member of the team. C. Has a tendency to complain, worry, and wallow. D. All-encompassing negativity, displays full-on hopelessness.

D. All-encompassing negativity, displays full-on hopelessness.

Which Workplace Design outcome results from enabling work to move continuously from step to step, rather than requiring operations to stop and start? A. A flow and pull work area B. A cross-trained workforce C. A flexible workforce D. An optimized work environment

D. An optimized work environment

Which phase of implementing Standard Work observes work activities performed in multiple situations? A. Develop Standard Work B. Implement C. Establish Goals D. Analyze Current Process

D. Analyze Current Process

Which of the following is most effective for encouraging participation in a meeting? A. Allowing extra time for people to talk about things that weren't included on the agenda B. Reconsidering topics that have been discussed C. Assigning adjectives to individuals D. Asking thought-provoking questions

D. Asking thought-provoking questions

Which of the following is a way of expressing our needs, wants, and feelings in an open, honest manner, without violating the rights and feelings of others? A. Passive Communication B. Aggressive Communication C. Passive-Aggressive Communication D. Assertive Communication

D. Assertive Communication

Personal bias, Interruptions, Hidden Agendas, Laziness, Boredom, and Distractions are all examples of: A. Assumptions B. Rapport C. Negative Messaging D. Barriers

D. Barriers

Which term best describes this definition? "Articulate the general need to the business while linking the project to an organizational goal or a customer need." A. Project Scope B. Financial Benefits C. Problem Statement D. Business Case

D. Business Case

Which one of the following would cause Cpk to change but would not cause Cp to change? A. Change in process variation B. Change in specification limits C. Change in the value of the process standard deviation D. Change in the value of the process mean

D. Change in the value of the process mean

Which test represents the best choice if you want to see or determine if there a difference in the ratio of call types between any of the Call Centers: A, B, C, D? A. One-Proportion Test B. Two-Proportion Test C. ANOVA D. Chi-Square test

D. Chi-Square test

A critical tool to ensure that the gains from the project are maintained over time is the... A. Solution Selection Matrix. B. ongoing root cause analysis. C. management status meetings. D. Control Plan.

D. Control Plan.

The capability of a process that uses discrete data is expressed using all of the following except... A. PPM defective. B. defects per unit. C. percent defective. D. Cp and Cpk.

D. Cp and Cpk.

Which one of the following is NOT a benefit that comes from reducing variation in a process? A. Capability improves. B. DPMO is reduced. C. Costs go down. D. Customer requirements will change.

D. Customer requirements will change.

To calculate the required inventory for Flow and Pull Systems, organizations use the equation... A. Over Stock plus Buffer Stock plus Safety Stock. B. Cycle Stock plus Buffer Stock plus Extra Stock. C. Cycle Stock plus Quality Stock plus Safety Stock. D. Cycle Stock plus Buffer Stock plus Safety Stock.

D. Cycle Stock plus Buffer Stock plus Safety Stock.

To calculate the Cost of Poor Quality for a rework loop, which one of the following best describes the information required? A. Defect rate only B. Volume of work only C. Defect rate or volume of work D. Defect rate and volume of work

D. Defect rate and volume of work

The two main branches of statistics are known as... A. Estimation and Inferential. B. Descriptive and Graphical. C. Inferential and Graphical. D. Descriptive and Inferential.

D. Descriptive and Inferential.

A graph that works well with smaller data sets of ungrouped quantitative data is the... A. Bar Chart. B. Pareto Chart. C. Pie Chart. D. Dot Plot.

D. Dot Plot.

The four phases of Standard Work are: A. Establish the Process, Analyze Goals, Develop Standard Work, Implement. B. Establish Standard Work, Analyze Current Process, Develop Goals, Implement. C. Establish Standards, Analyze Current Process, Develop Standard Work, Implement Goals. D. Establish Goals, Analyze Current Process, Develop Standard Work, Implement.

D. Establish Goals, Analyze Current Process, Develop Standard Work, Implement.

Product recalls and handling of customer complaints are examples of which category of Cost of Quality? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. Internal failure costs D. External failure costs

D. External failure costs

During a meeting, who is responsible for managing the environment, ensuring the agenda and rules are adhered to, sticking to the schedule, and providing clarification and follow-up? A. Team Leader B. Management C. Note-taker/scribe D. Facilitator

D. Facilitator

What is another name for the Cause and Effect Diagram? A. Cause and Defect Diagram B. Affinity Diagram C. Block Diagram D. Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram

D. Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram

When implementing Lean which of the following creates value for the customer? A. By implementing a Push system B. By implementing faster cycle times for non value-added process steps C. By identifying the Current Value Streams in your company D. Giving the customer what they need, when needed, and of the quantity needed

D. Giving the customer what they need, when needed, and of the quantity needed

What tool is used to communicate the new or changed process to stakeholders and provides details about what it is, why it is needed, how the change will be put in place and expected outcomes? A. Pugh Matrix B. FMEA C. Solution Selection Matrix D. Implementation Plan

D. Implementation Plan

PDCA is often used in which phase of the DMAIC methodology? A. Define B. Measure C. Analyze D. Improve E. Control

D. Improve

Which of the following is a benefit of the 5S phase Sustain? A. Improves productivity and workplace flexibility B. Places required tools and materials needed for the process step in easy reach of the worker C. Improves overall work environment D. Improves employee morale and builds self-discipline within the business culture to ensure 5S activities become habit

D. Improves employee morale and builds self-discipline within the business culture to ensure 5S activities become habit

Which category of Cost of Quality is associated with rework loops, unnecessary maintenance, and scrap? A. External failure costs B. Prevention costs C. Appraisal costs D. Internal failure costs

D. Internal failure costs

Which of the following is the definition of Communication? A. It involves speaking, listening and observing. B. It involves both parties to the conversation sending information that must be interpreted by the receiver. C. Its one-way or two-way in nature D. It is "the process in which information, ideas, and understanding are shared between two or more people."

D. It is "the process in which information, ideas, and understanding are shared between two or more people."

Which of the following questions are generally used only to prove a point, and may not be very helpful in most conflict situations? A. Open Questions B. Focused Questions C. Closed Questions D. Leading Questions

D. Leading Questions

Which of the following best describes the type of maintenance that focuses on minimizing required maintenance based on equipment design and/or installation? A. Breakdown Maintenance B. Corrective Maintenance C. Preventive Installation D. Maintenance Prevention

D. Maintenance Prevention

If the number 8 is added to each data point in a sample, which of the following descriptive measures would change? A. Range B. Variance C. Standard Deviation D. Mean

D. Mean

Lean transactional processes can be broken down into two primary functions. What are those two functions? A. Production, Accounts Payable B. Logistics, Management C. Human Resources, Finance D. Office, Service

D. Office, Service

The ___________ is a Lean Six Sigma tool or technique that stresses "learning through Genchi Genbutsu," a Japanese term that means "go and see." A. Value Stream Map B. Visual Map C. Quality Circle D. Ohno Circle

D. Ohno Circle

What type of communication can be defined as the free exchange of ideas and information based on trust? A. Closed Communication B. Non-verbal Communication C. Verbal Communication D. Open Communication

D. Open Communication

A statistical tool or technique used to identify, rank, and prioritize issues relative to the cause of a specific problem, or a variation within a project, process, or organization is a... A. cause and effect analysis. B. FMEA. C. control chart. D. Pareto analysis.

D. Pareto analysis.

The people needed to create a process map are: A. Consultants B. People independent of the process. C. Quality Control Experts. D. People involved in the process.

D. People involved in the process.

How is a transactional Value Stream different from a manufacturing Value Stream? A. There really is no significant difference between the two. B. In an office, the flow of work is always continuous, pushing the output to the customer without down time. C. A different set of icons and level of detail are used for mapping a value stream from a manufacturing process. D. People who work in a transactional value stream often multitask, or work in several value streams.

D. People who work in a transactional value stream often multitask, or work in several value streams.

Which of the following is a Total Productive Maintenance goal? A. Reduce the annual maintenance budget. B. Improve repair time C. Increase WIP inventory to cover downtime D. Prevent product defects and rejects based on equipment issues

D. Prevent product defects and rejects based on equipment issues

A tool which shows the inter-relationships of the steps in a process is called a... A. Cause & Effect Diagram. B. Control Chart. C. Pareto Chart. D. Process Map.

D. Process Map.

The team member most responsible for removing roadblocks and securing resources is the... A. Master Black Belt. B. Black Belt. C. Green Belt. D. Project Champion.

D. Project Champion.

What does the "r" in SIPOCr stand for? A. Responsibilities B. Responses C. Request for Quote D. Requirements

D. Requirements

The term that best describes the average number of cell phones owned by 100 households in the United States is... A. Population Statistic. B. Population Parameter. C. Sample Parameter. D. Sample Statistic.

D. Sample Statistic.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Visual Management? A. Self controlling B. Self managing C. Self directing D. Self explaining

D. Self explaining

Which one of the following describes a distance that is equal to the natural tolerance of a process? A. Mu B. Sigma C. Six times mu D. Six times sigma

D. Six times sigma

What type of variation is the unusual, not previously observed, non-quantifiable variation within a process or system - the signal, within a process or system, that something is wrong? A. Common Cause variation B. Noisy variation C. Very bad variation D. Special Cause variation

D. Special Cause variation

A person waiting until the last possible moment before fully applying themselves to completing a task is an example of... A. multitasking. B. Parkinson's Law. C. suboptimization. D. Student Syndrome.

D. Student Syndrome.

Which of the following activities does a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis involve? A. Calculating the actual probability of a failure for the given time period B. Predicting the expected number of failures in a given time period C. Predicting the time of first failure D. Studying how and what potentially could cause a product or process to fail

D. Studying how and what potentially could cause a product or process to fail

What does SIPOC stand for? A. Supplier, Information, Process, Outputs, Customers B. Supplier, Inputs, Purpose, Outputs, Customers C. Scope, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers D. Supplier, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers

D. Supplier, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers

Which term best describes how team and shop floor associates work to maximize the effectiveness of equipment with the goals of preventing breakdowns and defects? A. SMED B. TAKT C. FIFO D. TPM

D. TPM

Before developing the Future State Value Stream Map, what must the team calculate to determine whether the current process meets customer demand requirements? A. Total Cycle Time B. Forecast-to-Mean Demand Factor C. Lead Time Variances D. Takt Time

D. Takt Time

Based upon the information shown in the following box plot, which one of the following statements is correct? A. The interquartile range is greater than the range. B. The mean of the data is shown as the center line in the box. C. The 50th percentile is less than 30. D. The median of the data is greater than 30.

D. The median of the data is greater than 30.

The average weight for the five starting offensive linemen of the Charlotte Panthers is 300 pounds. The heaviest starter gets injured and his replacement weighs 20 pounds more than the injured starter. Which of the following statements are correct? A. The average weight of each player on the new offensive line increased by 20 pounds. B. The average weight of the new offensive line is 305. C. Without knowing the player's weights, we can't compute the average weight of the new line. D. The range of the weights for the new offensive line is 20 pounds greater than the range of weights for the original five starters.

D. The range of the weights for the new offensive line is 20 pounds greater than the range of weights for the original five starters.

A characteristic on which the elements of a population or sample differ from each other is a... A. Constant. B. Parameter. C. Statistic. D. Variable.

D. Variable.

Under what circumstances might a competing conflict style be appropriate? A. When the conflict involves mutually exclusive alternatives B. When the issue at hand is not very important C. When addressing the issue could make it worse D. When a decision must be made quickly and there is no time to build consensus

D. When a decision must be made quickly and there is no time to build consensus

The primary attributes of a good measurement system are... A. exactness and data output. B. effectiveness and consistency. C. repeatability and precision. D. accuracy and precision.

D. accuracy and precision.

The accuracy of a measurement system has three components. They are... A. measurements, data, and information. B. precision, process, and people. C. gauges, time, and systems. D. bias, linearity, and stability.

D. bias, linearity, and stability.

The principle behind A3 is that everything you need to know about an issue or problem can be... A. solved by three Kaizen Events. B. stated in three words. C. determined by asking three Subject Matter Experts. D. captured on a single sheet of paper.

D. captured on a single sheet of paper.

The cumulative frequency divided by the total number of observations computes the... A. Pareto principal. B. population mean. C. frequency count. D. cumulative percentage.

D. cumulative percentage.

Savings that have a direct impact on an organization's bottom line are called... A. transactional savings. B. soft savings. C. net savings. D. hard savings.

D. hard savings.

Workplace Design relies on co-locating work processes to... A. enhance workspace utilization. B. accomplish zero inventory. C. increase ease of movement. D. improve communication and promote teamwork.

D. improve communication and promote teamwork.

In a process map the oval is used to... A. denote a process task. B. denote a decision point. C. identify defects in the process. D. indicate a starting or stopping point.

D. indicate a starting or stopping point.

A cumulative percentage curve on a Pareto Chart... A. represents the percentage of occurrences for a given category. B. represents the cumulative percentage of occurrences for those categories ranked less than the given category. C. has a maximum value equal to the total number of occurrences. D. is the sum of all the frequencies for all categories up to and including the given category.

D. is the sum of all the frequencies for all categories up to and including the given category.

Error Proofing is also called... A. prevention instituting. B. failure fixing. C. cause detection. D. mistake-proofing.

D. mistake-proofing.

When starting a typical office improvement project, the improvement team will often find that transactional processes are... A. better on second shift than on first shift due to less interruptions from handling customer inquiries. B. well defined or documented. As a result it is often easy to define defects or errors. C. running at peak efficiency and producing zero defects. D. not very well defined or documented. As a result it is often difficult to define defects or errors.

D. not very well defined or documented. As a result it is often difficult to define defects or errors.

The "p" in p-value represents... A. proportion. B. percentage. C. predictability. D. probability.

D. probability.

Which one of the following is used to estimate the population mean? A. DPMO B. population standard deviation C. sample standard deviation D. sample mean

D. sample mean

The drum in a theory of constraints system... A. enforces the pace. B. authorizes production. C. protects the pace. D. sets the pace.

D. sets the pace.

In the following sentence, fill in the blanks by choosing the response that correctly completes the statement. "The capability index Cp compares the ___________ to the ____________. A. target; process mean B. process mean; process variation C. process variation; process target D. spec width; natural tolerance

D. spec width; natural tolerance

Root cause is _____. A. best performed by a team of engineers and customers asking "Why?" 5 to 7 times B. almost impossible to get to because people are afraid of change C. the lowest point in the Cause and Effect chain that the team can affect within its span of control and sphere of influence D. the fundamental breakdown or failure of a process or product which, when resolved and corrected, prevents recurrence of that failure or problem

D. the fundamental breakdown or failure of a process or product which, when resolved and corrected, prevents recurrence of that failure or problem

When creating a process map, the purpose of a walkthrough is to... A. check on the best time to set up interviews. B. understand who is working on value-added activities and who is not. C. collect audit artifacts and documentation samples to check against the master database. D. understand what is actually being done and why it is being done.

D. understand what is actually being done and why it is being done.

Which of the following is an example of a blanket statement? A. "She has a bad attitude." B. "He arrives late at meetings." C. "They aren't motivated." D. A and B E. A and C F. B and C

E. A and C