grg 401 ch 9

Which of the following weathering processes produces karst topography?

Carbonation

Which kind of weathering would you primarily find in arid environments?

Salt-crystal growth

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of _______.

higher mean annual rainfall and temperatures

Which of the following is a type of chemical weathering that breaks down silicate materials?

hydrolysis

Mass movements are classified based on _______.

their rate of movement and moisture content

The most important chemical compound involved with weathering is _______.

water

The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called _______.

weathering

Loose material comes to rest at the angle of repose, which is between __________ from horizontal.

33° and 37°.

In any mass movement, gravity pulls on a slope until the failure point is reached which is also known as _______.

a geomorphic threshold

All processes that wear away or rearrange landforms are included in the term _______.

denudation

The landscape represents a balance between _______.

endogenic and exogenic processes

Hydration is a process whereby a mineral _______.

expands with the absorption of water, creating stress in rock

To move downslope, forces of erosion must overcome _______.

friction, inertia, and cohesion

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is _______.

geomorphology

Karst topography only forms in areas with ____ formations with 80% or more ____.

limestone; calcium carbonate

The general movement of material propelled downhill by gravity is called _______.

mass movement or mass wasting

The distinctive reddish color of rocks which is commonly called "rusting" is caused by _______.

oxidation

When rock is disintegrated without alteration to mineral identity, it has undergone _______.

physical weathering

An exfoliation dome in granitic rock forms through a process known as _______.

pressure-release jointing