H EDU 5060 Midterm Spring 2018
Prevalence-
# of people suffering from a certain health condition over a certain period of time
Know health systems approaches (i.e. national health insurance, national health systems, pluralistic)
(Chapter 5 - towards the top)
Provide 3 ways in which health and education are connected.
-Education contributes to disease prevention -Health and education of parents effects health and education of children -Malnutrition and disease effect cognitive development
The Tuskegee study violated the subjects' human rights what were some of the violations?
-They were never actually given treatment for what they thought they were being treated for -Lack of informed consent
The amount of people globally who lack access to safe water
1 billion people
Declaration of Alma-Ata
1978 that identified primary health care as the key to the attainment of the goal of Health for all
Until ___________the term Global Health was used only sporadically.
1992
The Nuremberg Code
1st document to specify ethical principles that should guide physicians engaged in human research
Globally communicable disease is responsible for _______of deaths
23%
Globally non-communicable disease is responsible for __________ % of deaths
68% of deaths
Know the difference between individualistic and collectivist cultures
Chapter 6 slide 16
The epidemiologic transition shifted the burden of disease from ________________________________ to disease to _______________________________disease
Communicable to Non-communicable
Mortality
Death - Rates
____________________temporary or long-term reduction in a person's capacity to function
Disability
Know the difference between Global Health, International Health, and Public Health
Global Health - study, research, and practice that focuses on practicing health and improving health and equity worldwide International Health - Health between countries (policies, etc.) Public Health - Science of preventing disease, prolonging health, and promoting physical health.
The 3 basic goal of a health system
Good health Responsiveness to the expectations of the population Fairness of financial contribution
Infant Mortality Rate
Number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births in a given year
The Western Medical Paradigm views disease as a result of what type of condition
Physiological Condition
Levels of Care
Primary - First point of contact Secondary - Some specialist physicians and general hospitals Tertiary - Specialist physicians and Specialist hospitals
Rapid identification and control of emerging infectious disease helps (see 2-10)
Promote health abroad, prevent the spread of international disease, and protect the health of the local population
Under 5 mortality Rate
Rate of children who are born per 1000 live births that live until age 5
Morbidity
Sickness or any departure (departure being subjective or objective) from a physical or psychological state of well being (lack of well being psychological or physical) - Rates
The Belmont Report
The US national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research
Life Expectancy at Birth (chapter 2 slide 8)
The average number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality trends continue for the rest of the newborns life
Neonatal Mortality Rate
The number of deaths to infants under 28 days of age in a given year per 1000 live births
Incidence-
The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population
When making ethical decisions about conducting research, a Fair Process includes:
Transparency about how decisions are made, Representation from stakeholders affected, and appropriate use of scientific data.
The 3 important environmental contributors to the global burden of disease
Unsafe water, urban air pollution, bodily waste disposal.
In most low- and middle-income countries rural people will be less healthy.
Yes. This is true.
Short term problems associated with indoor air pollution
conjunctivitis, upper respiratory infections, acute respiratory infections, carbon monoxide poisoning
The Declaration of Helsinki
developed ethical principles to guide physicians conducting biomedical research on humans (more inclusive - not first)
The amount of people who depend on solid fuel for cooking and heating
half of all people
Maternal Mortality Ratio
number of women who die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications