H EDU 5060 Midterm Spring 2018

Prevalence-

# of people suffering from a certain health condition over a certain period of time

Know health systems approaches (i.e. national health insurance, national health systems, pluralistic)

(Chapter 5 - towards the top)

Provide 3 ways in which health and education are connected.

-Education contributes to disease prevention -Health and education of parents effects health and education of children -Malnutrition and disease effect cognitive development

The Tuskegee study violated the subjects' human rights what were some of the violations?

-They were never actually given treatment for what they thought they were being treated for -Lack of informed consent

The amount of people globally who lack access to safe water

1 billion people

Declaration of Alma-Ata

1978 that identified primary health care as the key to the attainment of the goal of Health for all

Until ___________the term Global Health was used only sporadically.

1992

The Nuremberg Code

1st document to specify ethical principles that should guide physicians engaged in human research

Globally communicable disease is responsible for _______of deaths

23%

Globally non-communicable disease is responsible for __________ % of deaths

68% of deaths

Know the difference between individualistic and collectivist cultures

Chapter 6 slide 16

The epidemiologic transition shifted the burden of disease from ________________________________ to disease to _______________________________disease

Communicable to Non-communicable

Mortality

Death - Rates

____________________temporary or long-term reduction in a person's capacity to function

Disability

Know the difference between Global Health, International Health, and Public Health

Global Health - study, research, and practice that focuses on practicing health and improving health and equity worldwide International Health - Health between countries (policies, etc.) Public Health - Science of preventing disease, prolonging health, and promoting physical health.

The 3 basic goal of a health system

Good health Responsiveness to the expectations of the population Fairness of financial contribution

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births in a given year

The Western Medical Paradigm views disease as a result of what type of condition

Physiological Condition

Levels of Care

Primary - First point of contact Secondary - Some specialist physicians and general hospitals Tertiary - Specialist physicians and Specialist hospitals

Rapid identification and control of emerging infectious disease helps (see 2-10)

Promote health abroad, prevent the spread of international disease, and protect the health of the local population

Under 5 mortality Rate

Rate of children who are born per 1000 live births that live until age 5

Morbidity

Sickness or any departure (departure being subjective or objective) from a physical or psychological state of well being (lack of well being psychological or physical) - Rates

The Belmont Report

The US national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research

Life Expectancy at Birth (chapter 2 slide 8)

The average number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality trends continue for the rest of the newborns life

Neonatal Mortality Rate

The number of deaths to infants under 28 days of age in a given year per 1000 live births

Incidence-

The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population

When making ethical decisions about conducting research, a Fair Process includes:

Transparency about how decisions are made, Representation from stakeholders affected, and appropriate use of scientific data.

The 3 important environmental contributors to the global burden of disease

Unsafe water, urban air pollution, bodily waste disposal.

In most low- and middle-income countries rural people will be less healthy.

Yes. This is true.

Short term problems associated with indoor air pollution

conjunctivitis, upper respiratory infections, acute respiratory infections, carbon monoxide poisoning

The Declaration of Helsinki

developed ethical principles to guide physicians conducting biomedical research on humans (more inclusive - not first)

The amount of people who depend on solid fuel for cooking and heating

half of all people

Maternal Mortality Ratio

number of women who die as a result of pregnancy and childbirth complications