Hardware Chapter 4 Visualizing technology

Input Devices

A device that's used to get data into the computer system so it can be processed.

Voice Recognition

A form of adaptive input device

Braille

A form of adaptive output device

QR (Quick Response) Code Reader

A form of barcode given in items

Optical Discs p 177

A form of removable storage and included CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Data is stored using a laser.

Bluetooth

A short-range wireless technology that's used to connect many types of peripheral devices.

Adaptive Technology

Assistive technology: Used by individuals with disabilities to interact with technology, Includes both hardware and software. Modern OSs include accessibility settings

Modems

Connect a computer to a telephone line and Used for dial-up Internet access

Analog signals

Continous waves

Microphones

Convert sound into digital signals and are used simply to chat in real time or as part of voice-recognition applications.

CMYK

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (Black): Colors used by inkjet and dye-sublimation printers

Video Cards

Data signal and connection for a monitor or projector. Also called: Graphics card Display adapter.

Network adapters

Establish a connection with a network by using ethernet

PCI

Expansion card plug in

Cache memory

Fast memory used to store frequently and accessed information close to the processor

Instruction Cycle

Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Store

SATA serial advanced technology attachment

Has become the standard internal drive interface; up to three times as faster than EIDE and has smaller, thinner cables that take up less room. Replaced enhanced integrated drive electronics

Multifunction

Has built-in scanner, fax, copy, and print capabilities

To keep CPU cool

Heat sink-cerami or metal, draws heat away from processor Cooling fan

Thermal Printer

Heats specially coated heat-sensitive paper, which changes color when heat is applied

Gigahertz (GHz)

How speed is measured, billions of cycles per second

Resolution

Indicates the number of horizontal pixels by vertical pixels.

Data Buses

Information flows between the components of the computer over wires on the motherboard

Output Devices

Information is returned to the user

Control Unit

Manages data through CPU through three main functions: Execute instructions, Perform calculations, and Make decisions.

Point devices

Mouse, Touchpad, touchscreen, stylus

Level 2 (L2) Cache

On a separate chip and takes longer to access

Digital signals

On/off transmissions

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Performs arithmetic and logic (And, Or, and Not)

Photo Printer

Prints high-quality photos and it is expensive

Sound Card

Provides audio connections for both input and output devices.

Clock speed

Speed at which the processor executes the machine cycle

Inkjet Printer

Sprays droplets of ink onto paper and it's the cheapest to buy

Fax Devices

Stand-alone, Part of a multifunction device, Built into a modem

Magnetic Strip Reader

Such scanners can read information encoded in the magnetic strip on plastic cards such as drivers licenses, gift cards, etc.

Memory

Temporary storage that's used by the computer to hold instructions and data.

Execute

The ALU processes the command

Central Processing Unit

The brain of a computer that housed inside system of unit of the motherboard

System Unit

The case that encloses and protects the power supply, motherboard, processor (CPU), and memory of a computer

Decode

The control unit translates the instruction into a computer command

Fetch

The instruction is retrieved from the main memory

Motherboard p 171

The main circuit board of your computer

Keyboards

The most common input device. Uses QWERTY style

Monitor

The most common output device

Mouse

The most common type of point device

Store

The results are written back to the memory

LCD (Liquid crystal display)

They consist of two layers of glass that are glued together with a layer of liquid crystals between them. When electricity is passed through the individual crystal, it causes them to pass or block light to create an image.

Multicore processor

Two or more processors integrated on a single chip which Increases the processing speed and reduces energy consumption

Laser Printer

Uses a laser beam to draw an image on a drum, low cost for high volume printing in the long term, and expensive to get.

Dye-Sublimation Printer

Uses heat to turn solid dye into a gas that is then transferred to special paper

Parallel processing

Uses multiple processors or multicore processors to divide work and each processor can use pipelining to further boost processing

Plotter

Uses pens to draw an image on a roll of paper used to produce very large printouts

PCIe

Video Cards and other devices use expansion cards

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Volatile memory that holds the OS, programs, and data the computer is currently using

CPU Performance

Works so fast the user does not realize what is happening

ROM (read only memory)

a nonvolatile form of memory that does not read power to keep its data.

BIOS (basic input output system)

a program stored on a chip on the motherboard that's used to start up the computer. It is a ROM and used CMOS. p 174 loads OS via booting

Level 1 (L1) Cache

actually build into the processor.

RFID tag

contains a tiny antenna for receiving and sending a radio frequency signal used in inventory tracking, electronic toll collection, and contactless credit card transactions.

overclock

forcing the processor to run at speeds higher than it was designed to perform

Optical Scanners

light-sensing device that reads printed text and images and translates the results into a form the computer can process; flatbed, pen, sheet fed, drum

Hot Swappable

meaning they can be plugged and unplugged without turning off the computer

Biometric Scanner

measures the human characteristics such as fingerprints and eye retinas.

Solid State Storage

nonmechanical storage device, the data is stored using flash memory on a chip.

Drive Controller

on the motherboard provides a drive interface, which connects disks drives to the processor.

FireWire (IEEE 1394)

originally released by apple, a hot swappable, and can connect up to 63 devices per port

thunderbolt

p173

Expansion Cards/ adapter cards

plug in directly into expansion slots p 172 on the motherboard and allow you to connect additional peripheral devices to a computer.

Pixel

short for picture elements containing three colors: red, green, and blue (RGB)

Magnetic Storage

storage device that encodes data as microscopic magnetized needles on the disk's surface

Pipelining

used by a single processor and process is like a factory assembly line, after decode it fetches the next instruction

USB

used to connect many kinds of devices; up to 127 devices can share a single USB port by using a USB hub

graphics processing unit (GPU)

video card processor

CMOS

volatile memory and uses a small battery to provide it with power to keep the data in memory even when the computer is turned off.