Hardware Chapter 4 Visualizing technology
Input Devices
A device that's used to get data into the computer system so it can be processed.
Voice Recognition
A form of adaptive input device
Braille
A form of adaptive output device
QR (Quick Response) Code Reader
A form of barcode given in items
Optical Discs p 177
A form of removable storage and included CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs. Data is stored using a laser.
Bluetooth
A short-range wireless technology that's used to connect many types of peripheral devices.
Adaptive Technology
Assistive technology: Used by individuals with disabilities to interact with technology, Includes both hardware and software. Modern OSs include accessibility settings
Modems
Connect a computer to a telephone line and Used for dial-up Internet access
Analog signals
Continous waves
Microphones
Convert sound into digital signals and are used simply to chat in real time or as part of voice-recognition applications.
CMYK
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (Black): Colors used by inkjet and dye-sublimation printers
Video Cards
Data signal and connection for a monitor or projector. Also called: Graphics card Display adapter.
Network adapters
Establish a connection with a network by using ethernet
PCI
Expansion card plug in
Cache memory
Fast memory used to store frequently and accessed information close to the processor
Instruction Cycle
Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Store
SATA serial advanced technology attachment
Has become the standard internal drive interface; up to three times as faster than EIDE and has smaller, thinner cables that take up less room. Replaced enhanced integrated drive electronics
Multifunction
Has built-in scanner, fax, copy, and print capabilities
To keep CPU cool
Heat sink-cerami or metal, draws heat away from processor Cooling fan
Thermal Printer
Heats specially coated heat-sensitive paper, which changes color when heat is applied
Gigahertz (GHz)
How speed is measured, billions of cycles per second
Resolution
Indicates the number of horizontal pixels by vertical pixels.
Data Buses
Information flows between the components of the computer over wires on the motherboard
Output Devices
Information is returned to the user
Control Unit
Manages data through CPU through three main functions: Execute instructions, Perform calculations, and Make decisions.
Point devices
Mouse, Touchpad, touchscreen, stylus
Level 2 (L2) Cache
On a separate chip and takes longer to access
Digital signals
On/off transmissions
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Performs arithmetic and logic (And, Or, and Not)
Photo Printer
Prints high-quality photos and it is expensive
Sound Card
Provides audio connections for both input and output devices.
Clock speed
Speed at which the processor executes the machine cycle
Inkjet Printer
Sprays droplets of ink onto paper and it's the cheapest to buy
Fax Devices
Stand-alone, Part of a multifunction device, Built into a modem
Magnetic Strip Reader
Such scanners can read information encoded in the magnetic strip on plastic cards such as drivers licenses, gift cards, etc.
Memory
Temporary storage that's used by the computer to hold instructions and data.
Execute
The ALU processes the command
Central Processing Unit
The brain of a computer that housed inside system of unit of the motherboard
System Unit
The case that encloses and protects the power supply, motherboard, processor (CPU), and memory of a computer
Decode
The control unit translates the instruction into a computer command
Fetch
The instruction is retrieved from the main memory
Motherboard p 171
The main circuit board of your computer
Keyboards
The most common input device. Uses QWERTY style
Monitor
The most common output device
Mouse
The most common type of point device
Store
The results are written back to the memory
LCD (Liquid crystal display)
They consist of two layers of glass that are glued together with a layer of liquid crystals between them. When electricity is passed through the individual crystal, it causes them to pass or block light to create an image.
Multicore processor
Two or more processors integrated on a single chip which Increases the processing speed and reduces energy consumption
Laser Printer
Uses a laser beam to draw an image on a drum, low cost for high volume printing in the long term, and expensive to get.
Dye-Sublimation Printer
Uses heat to turn solid dye into a gas that is then transferred to special paper
Parallel processing
Uses multiple processors or multicore processors to divide work and each processor can use pipelining to further boost processing
Plotter
Uses pens to draw an image on a roll of paper used to produce very large printouts
PCIe
Video Cards and other devices use expansion cards
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Volatile memory that holds the OS, programs, and data the computer is currently using
CPU Performance
Works so fast the user does not realize what is happening
ROM (read only memory)
a nonvolatile form of memory that does not read power to keep its data.
BIOS (basic input output system)
a program stored on a chip on the motherboard that's used to start up the computer. It is a ROM and used CMOS. p 174 loads OS via booting
Level 1 (L1) Cache
actually build into the processor.
RFID tag
contains a tiny antenna for receiving and sending a radio frequency signal used in inventory tracking, electronic toll collection, and contactless credit card transactions.
overclock
forcing the processor to run at speeds higher than it was designed to perform
Optical Scanners
light-sensing device that reads printed text and images and translates the results into a form the computer can process; flatbed, pen, sheet fed, drum
Hot Swappable
meaning they can be plugged and unplugged without turning off the computer
Biometric Scanner
measures the human characteristics such as fingerprints and eye retinas.
Solid State Storage
nonmechanical storage device, the data is stored using flash memory on a chip.
Drive Controller
on the motherboard provides a drive interface, which connects disks drives to the processor.
FireWire (IEEE 1394)
originally released by apple, a hot swappable, and can connect up to 63 devices per port
thunderbolt
p173
Expansion Cards/ adapter cards
plug in directly into expansion slots p 172 on the motherboard and allow you to connect additional peripheral devices to a computer.
Pixel
short for picture elements containing three colors: red, green, and blue (RGB)
Magnetic Storage
storage device that encodes data as microscopic magnetized needles on the disk's surface
Pipelining
used by a single processor and process is like a factory assembly line, after decode it fetches the next instruction
USB
used to connect many kinds of devices; up to 127 devices can share a single USB port by using a USB hub
graphics processing unit (GPU)
video card processor
CMOS
volatile memory and uses a small battery to provide it with power to keep the data in memory even when the computer is turned off.