Hazmat Chapter 2

List Liquid Containers

- Bottles, gasoline containers, paint pails, and drums.

What are the physical characteristics of Cryogenic Containers and what do they carry?

- Box-like loading and unloading stations attached to transportation containers. - Most likely carry to carry liquid oxygen (LOX), nitrogen, hydrogen, argon and liquefied natural gas (LNG).

Preincident surveys identify the following items:

- Exposures. - Hazmat types, quantities, dangers and locations. - Building features. -Site characteristics. - Egress. - Inherent limitations. - 24 hr telephone numbers of responsible parties and site experts. - Site or occupancy response capability.

List Pressure Containers

- Fixed Facility ( Bulk ) - Railway Tank Car - Highway Cargo Tank - Compressed Gas Tube-Trailer - Intermodal - Ton Container - Y-Cylinders - Compressed Gas Cylinders - Portable Propane Cylinders - Vehicle Mounted

List Cryogenic Containers

- Fixed Facility ( Bulk ) - Railway tank car -Highway Cargo Tank - Intermodal - Cylinder - Dewar Flask

What are the physical characteristics of Liquid Containers and what do they carry?

- Flat or less rounded ends on tanks. Intermodal bulk containers. - Most likely to carry liquids.

The U.S. Department of Transportation ( DOT ) defines an elevated temperature material as one that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging has one of the following properties:

- Liquid phase at a temperature at or above 212 F - Liquid phase with a flashpoint at or above 100 F that's intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above it's flashpoint. - Solid phase at a temperature at or above 464 F.

To meet the criteria for bulk packaging, one of the following must be met:

- Maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons as a receptacle for a liquid. - Maximum net mass is greater than 882 pounds or maximum capacity is greater than 119 as a receptacle for a solid. - Water capacity is 1,0001 pounds or greater as a receptacle for a gas.

How do Canadian placards, markings, and labels differ from the U.S. system?

- Most Canadian transport placards don't have any signal words written on them. Labels and markings may be in both English and French. - Canada requires a unique placard for anhydrous ammonia and inhalation hazards. Radiation placard may have the four-digit U.N. number.

Hazmat transportation accidents may be more likely to occur in:

- Ports. - Docks or piers. - Railroad sidings. - Airplane hangars. - Truck terminals.

Describe the colors and numbers system used in NFPA 704, standard system for the identification of the hazardous materials for Emergency response

- Red is flammability - Blue is health - Yellow is Instability - 0 - 4 with 0 being a minimal hazard and 4 being a severe hazard.

Describe common symbols and colors that indicate the presence of hazardous materials as set forth by ANSI standard Z535

- Red means danger or stop - Orange means warning - Yellow means caution - Green marks safety equipment - Blue marks safety information

What are the physical characteristics of Pressure Containers and what do they carry?

- Rounded almost spherical ends. Bolted manways Bolted protective housings. Pressure relief devices and pressure gauges. - Carry products under pressure such as gas, liquefied gas, or dissolved in a liquid.

NFPA 704

- Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response gives widely recognized methods for indicating the presence of hazardous materials. - Used a rating system of numbers from 0 to 4. The number 0 indicates a minimal hazard, whereas the number 4 indicates a severe hazard.

Tankers

- Transport very large quantities of liquid products. - There are three types: Petroleum carriers, Chemical carries, and liquefied flammable gas carriers, transport liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) and liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG ).

Clues to solids containers:

- Transportation containers and systems designed for pneumatic loading and unloading. - Open tops on hoppers, bind, or other containers, sometimes covered with tarps or plastic. - V-shaped sloping sides with bottom outlets.

What are the physical characteristics of Solid Containers and what do they carry?

- Transportation containers and systems designed for pneumatic loading and unloading. Open tops on hoppers, bins, or other containers sometimes covered with tarps or plastics. - Can carry liquids and solids.

Cargo is shipped in the following four vessel types:

1. Bulk carrier: May transport liquid or solids. 2. Break bulk carrier: Transports variety of containers such as pallets, drums, bags, boxes and crates. 3. Container vessel: Transport cargo in standard intermodal containers with standard widths and varying heights and lengths. 4. Roll-on/roll-off vessel: Have large stern and side ramp structures that are lowered to allow vehicles to driven on and off vessels.

Radioactive material is shipped in one of five basic types, listed from least radioactive hazard to greatest.

1. Excepted 2. Industrial 3. Type A 4. Type B 5. Type C

Seven clues to the presence of hazardous materials

1. Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys 2. Container shapes 3. Transportaion placards, labels, and markings 4. Other markings and colors (non-transportation) 5. Written resources 6. Senses 7. Monitoring and detection devices

Instability

4: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at ambient conditions. 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition with strong initiating source. 2: Violent chemical change possible at elevated temperature and pressure. 1: Normally stable, but becomes unstable if heated. 0: Normally stable.

Flammability 4: 3: 2: 1: 0:

4: Flammable gases, volatile liquids, pyrophoric materials. 3: Ignites at ambient temperatures. 2: Ignites when moderately heated. 1: Must be preheated to burn. 0: Will not burn.

Where might you find other types of markings, marking systems, labels, labeling systems, colors, color-codes, and signs that indicate the presence of hazardous materials ?

At fixed facilities on pipelines, piping systems and on other containers.

Industrial

Container that retains and protects the contents during normal transportation activities such as laboratory samples and smoke detectors.

What are unit loading devices and can hazardous be shipped in them ?

Containers and aircraft pallets used to consolidate air cargo into a single, transportable unit. Hazardous materials may be shipped in ULDS.

Class 8

Corrosive substances

Marking

Descriptive name, an identification number , a weight, or a specification and includes instructions, cautions, or U.N. Marks.

Where might you find other symbols and signs for hazardous materials not covered above ?

Every facility may have its own system and its own symbols, signs, and markings.

Class 1

Explosives

Class 3

Flammable liquids

Class 4

Flammable solids

Label

Four-inch square diamond-shaped marker required for hazmat smaller than 640 cubic feet.

Class 2

Gases

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)

International classification system.

The hazard class or division number corresponding to the primary or subsidiary hazard class of a material must be displayed in the:

Lower corner of a placard.

Elevated Temperature Material

Material that when offered for transportation or transported in bulk packaging in a liquid phase and at or above 212 F.

Class 9

Miscellaneous dangerous goods and substances

Excepted

Only used to transport material with extremely low levels of radioactivity that person no risk to the public or environment.

Class 5

Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

Type B

Packages must demonstrate their ability to withstand tests simulating normal shipping conditions, and they must also withstand severe accident conditions without releasing their contents.

Type A

Packages that must demonstrate their ability to withstand a series of tests without releasing their contents.

How do pesticide labels differ from other hazardous materials labeling systems?

Pictograms, Precautionary statements, Product identifiers, Signal word, Supplier identification.

How does the U.S. transportation of placards , labels and markings indicate the hazards posed by hazardous materials carried ?

Placards show the materials number or name. Labels may have written text to identify the material. Markings are descriptive names, an ID number, and instructions.

What types of occupancies are most likely to have hazardous materials?

Ports, docks, railroad sidings, airplane hangars and truck terminals

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

Provides a key to the four-digit identification numbers in the yellow-bordered section.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Provides information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures.

Class 7

Radioactive materials

Dust explosion

Rapid burning ( deflagration ), with explosive force, of any combustible dust. Dust explosions generally consist of twin explosions.

Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBC)

Rigid or flexible portable packaging other than a cylinder or portable tank designed for mechanical handling.

Class 6

Toxic and infectious substances

Barges

Typically box-shaped, flat-decked vessels used for transporting cargo.

DANGEROUS Placard

Used for mixed loads where the transport vehicle contains non-bulk packages with two or more categories for hazmat that require different placards.

Type C

Very rare packages used for high-activity materials ( including plutonium ) transported by aircraft.

How do Mexican placards, markings, and labels differ from the U.S. system?

Virtually the same as Canadas but does not recognize the inhalation placard.

Placard

diamond shaped sign that identifies hazmat. Indicates the primary class of the material and in some cases the exact material. Required of containers 640 cubic feet or larger.