HCI (Human Computer Interaction) Quiz ([WRONG] means the answer guessed was incorrect. Choose another answer)

Which of the following navigation issues should be considered in the design of an HCI device?

Widgets. Local structure. Hierarchical organization. Style issues. Functional issues.

WYSIWYG is pronounced ___ and the letter's stand for

Wiz-ee-wig, what you see is what you get

The term ____ is used primarily in the United Kingdom whereas ____ is used for the same term in the English-speaking parts of North America.

ergonomics, human factors

The structure of memory consists of three types. In order, they are sensory buffers, short-term, and long-term. The first of these has within it three channels. They are iconic memory for visual stimuli, echoic memory for aural stimuli, and haptic memory for touch.

sensory buffers, short-term, long-term visual stimuli, aural stimuli, touch

Consider the two phrases taken from user instructions: beat the eggs in the bowl eat the porridge from the bowl The word bowl in the above instructions could be the same bowl or different bowls. How does the user determine which?

the context of the instructions

There are several input channels when designing a HCI. Which of the following are central to HCI?

vision, hearing, touch.

WIMP stands for

windows, icons, menus, pointers

In regard to user support techniques: [1] can be used in relatively large domains and can represent actions to perform as well as knowledge for inference. [2] are used to represent commonly occuring situations and default knowledge. [3] represent knowledge about the user and system in terms of relationships between facts. [4] represent knowledge implicitly within a decision structure of a classification system.

- - Rule-based techniques - - - Frame-based techniques - - Network-based techniques - - Example-based techniques

The mouse was invented around [1] by [2], who worked for [3] at the time.

1. 1964 2. Douglas Engelbart 3. Bootstrap Institute

Parametric statistical tests can be used when the dependent variable [1]. Synchronization of evaluation protocols is a significant problem because specialist tools are required. Is this statement True or False? [2]

1. follows a normal distribution. 2. False

Just as vision begins with light, hearing begins with [1]. The ear is comprised of three sections, which are the (in alphabetical order) [2], [3], and [4]. The last of these three is comprised of two parts (in alphabetical order): the [5] and the [6]. The eardrum is technically called the [7]. It works with the [8] to connect the inner workings of the ear with the exposed part of the ear. This middle section of the ear has [9], which are the body's smallest bones.

1. sound waves 2. inner ear 3. middle ear 4. outer ear 5. auditory canal 6. pinna 7. tympanic membrane 8. cochlea 9. ossicles

In State Transition Networks, the circle represents the [1], and the arc represents the [2]. In most interactive systems, the transition is triggered [3].

1. state of the system 2. transition between states 3. by a user action

When evaluation occurs at the end of the design process on a fully working system, it is called a [1] evaluation. You are evaluating a new flight control system to be used by an aircraft pilot. It would be best to use a [2] study.

1. summative 2. laboratory

UIMS stands for [1] [2] [3] [4] while UIDS stands for [5] [6] [7] [8]. Watch your spelling!

1. user 2. interface 3. management 4. system 5. user 6. interface 7. development 8. systems

How many states are required to represent a dialog box with 4 concurrent options?

16

The term human-computer interaction has only been in widespread use since the early

1980s

If five expert evaluators independently analyze an interface using a heuristic evaluation, what percentage of usability problems is likely to be uncovered?

75%

An example-based technique for knowledge representation makes use of

A decision structure of a classification system.

What is a semantic network?

A model of long-term memory.

Expert "slips" occur when:

A person is skilled at a task, and an element of the task changes.

Which of the following are NOT examples of a user support style?

Abbreviated (quick) support. Full (detail) support.

What are the three types of reasoning?

Abductive, Inductive, and Deductive.

Which of the following is a significant issue associated with structured messaging systems?

An increased burden is placed on the sender.

Why might you choose to use manuals and training materials to collect data for task analysis?

Any of the above.

User support should be

Available. Unobtrusive. Flexible. Accurate. Robust. Consistent.

Why is it more difficult to repair a conversational breakdown in electronic communication than in face-to-face communication?

Back channels are increased. [WRONG]

2. Serve Tea 2.1 Pour Cup of Tea ----- 2.1.1 Pour Tea into Cup ----- 2.1.2 Pour Milk into Cup 2.2 Add Sugar Plan 2, 2.1 - 2.2 Plan 2.1 - Do any of 2.11, 2.1.2 in any order

Black tea always contains sugar. White tea always contains sugar.

The validation of a software design involves:

Both of the above. [WRONG] Ensuring the design's completeness and internal consistency. [WRONG]

An example of generalizability is

Both of these [WRONG] All the windows in an application have grey borders. [WRONG]

Statement 1 The X Window System is a device-dependent protocol. Statement 2 The read-evaluation loop programming paradigm naturally leads to non-modal dialog boxes.

Both statements are false

Statement 1 Direct observation "in the field" is better than formal observation in a laboratory for understanding the goals and tasks of a subject. Statement 2 Ranking objects by an expert can be used to help in the production of taxonomic hierarchies.

Both statements are true [WRONG] Only Statement 2 is true. [WRONG]

Statement 1 A back channel is sub-verbal communication. Statement 2 Turn-taking is the most basic conversational structure.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 A direct manipulation system is where input and output are clearly distinguished. Statement 2 The action of dragging a file into the trash on an on-screen desktop is an example of the windowing system usability paradigm.

Both statements are true. [WRONG]

Statement 1 Buffering is used in interactive systems to allow easy access to recently used programs and files. Statement 2 Computer memory operates at two levels: long-term memory and short-term memory.

Both statements are true. [WRONG]

Statement 1 Dialog design should be independent of presentation issues at the interface. Statement 2 The dialog notation is linked to the semantics of the sytem (how it looks).

Both statements are wrong.

How can designers of video conferencing systems protect the participants' sense of personal space?

By allowing participants to adjust the zoom on each others' camera.

Which of the following evaluation methods is least intrusive?

Cognitive walkthrough.

Command assistance is of use to someone who

Does not know what command to use for a particular task. [WRONG]

You are given 4 cards displaying 4, E, 7, and K respectively, and you are told that if a card has a vowel on one side, it has an even number on the other. Which cards would you have to turn over to check whether this is the case? (Choose any that apply.)

E, 4 [WRONG]

Learnability, flexibility, and robustness are three main usability principles that can be considered as general headings for standards and guidelines generation. Which of the following are also high-level usability categories that can guide standards?

Effectiveness Efficiency Satisfaction

Requirements specification involves

Eliciting information about the work domain from the customer.

What might cause us to forget a piece of information?

Emotional factors, Acquiring new information

A usability principle in the learnability category refers to a property that

Enables novice users to achieve maximal performance.

Which of the following is most likely to jeopardize the success of a shared diary system?

Failure to account for social and personal factors.

claims that problem solving is a matter of reproducing known responses or trial and error. claims that problem solving involves generating these states using legal state transition operators. concerns itself with how people solve novel problems.

Gestalt Theory Problem space Theory Analogy

Callbacks are:

Handles to operating system code that are called when important events occur. [WRONG]

Which evaluation technique would you choose if you were trying to compare performance times for two optional interfaces for the same well-defined task? Which formative evaluation technique would you choose if you wanted to determine the learnability of a design for a well-defined user population?

Heuristic [ONE OF THESE IS WRONG] Cognitive walkthrough

The book used for these questions you can get for free on scribd. I used it quite a lot (though I also have a physical copy) http://www.scribd.com/doc/98687711/Humman-Computer-Interface-BTL#scribd

Human-Computer Interaction Third Edition by Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory D. Abowd, and Russell Beale

For one task alternative, you discover that alternative subtasks are carried out depending on the circumstances. You would represent this in the HTA by

Including a "choice" subtask in the hierarchy [WRONG]

For one task alternative, you discover that alternative subtasks are carried out depending on the circumstances. You would represent this in the HTA by:

Including an optional plan for the task.

Adaptive help is an instance of which class of interactive system?

Intelligent

You are programming a modal dialog box (which is a form of pre-emptive dialog) in a notification-based programming paradigm. This:

Is easy because the paradigm naturally leads to modal dialog boxes. [WRONG]

Why is dialog analysis important?

It catches potential usability problems unforeseen by the designer.

In task decomposition, when would you decide to stop expanding tasks?

It would depend on the purpose of the analysis.

Examples of programming toolkits include:

Java AWT. XView.

What is non-linear structuring of textual communication?

Messages are linked via hypertext.

The isometric joystick:

Moves the cursor according to how fast the joystick is moved.

A keyboard accelerator is

Offered as shortcuts to items offered on menus

Statement 1 An emoticon is an explicit token to express affective state. Statement 2 Group dynamics are stable and fixed when given the context.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 Online support material should use the same terminology as paper manuals and tutorials. Statement 2 An inexperienced computer user will benefit from using an online manual to access the large amount amount of information available.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 Haptic perception is one of the five human senses. Statement 2 The Cocktail Party Effect is a term used to describe human hearing above 40kHz.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 Hierarchical Task Analysis represents the decomposition of tasks as an implicitly ordered hierarchy. Statement 2 Direct observation "in the field" is better than formal observation in a laboratory for understanding the goals and tasks of a subject.

Only Statement 1 is true. [WRONG]

Statement 1 A cognitive walkthrough involves a user "walking through" a representative interaction with the system and identifying problems that arise. Statement 2 The null hypothesis states that there is a difference in the dependent variable between the levels of the independent variable.

Only Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 One of the best ways to design an interaction dialog is to program it using a structured programming language. Statement 2 State Transition Networks make a useful prototyping tool.

Only Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 The null hypothesis states that there is a difference in the dependent variable between the levels of the independent variable. Statement 2 Synchronization of evaluation protocols is a significant problem for which specialist tools are required.

Only Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 A purpose of task analysis is to produce documentation and help materials. Statement 2 Knowledge-based task analysis aims to understand the order in which subtasks are performed.

Only Statement 2 is true. [WRONG]

When designing training materials for an HCI device, you might use the following formula where P=the probability of making a mistake and C=the cost of the mistake.

P x C

Being able to get to a desired state in the dialog with ease satisfies the principle of

Reachability.

You want to specify a web browser where the user can have many open browser windows, each of which may be in the state of loading, layout, or ready. Which of the following diagrammatic dialog notations would you use?

STN. [WRONG]

The three levels of computer language are lexical, syntactic, and

Semantic.

Process algebras such as CSP have been developed to handle

Sequential and concurrent behavior.

Which of the following is a long-term individual difference?

Sex.

What is common ground?

Shared understanding sufficient for the current task.

Which are the most significant senses for the average person when it comes to interacting with a computer?

Sight, hearing, and touch.

Speed is important for interactive devices:

So that the devices can respond appropriately to a user's input.

National health and safety standards constrain employers to providing their workforce with safe, usable computer systems. EC Directive 90/270/EEC requires employers to ensure which of the following when designing, selecting, commissioning, or modifying software? (Choose all that apply.)

That it it displays information at a pace that is adapted to the user. That it is suitable for the task. That it is adaptable to the user's interest. That it provides feedback on performance. That it conforms to the principles of software ergonomics.

The DVORAK keyboard differs from the QWERTY keyboard in that:

The DVORAK keyboard lays out the letters differently to achieve faster typing speeds.

Why is it not always possible to reuse published experimental results in new situations?

The context of the experiment may be different as applied to the current situation.

Which of the following are necessary features of an effective cognitive walkthrough?

The evaluation is done by a team of evaluators working independently. [WRONG]

What are the power positions in a standard electronic meeting room?

The front of the room. [WRONG] There are no power positions in electronic meeting rooms. [WRONG]

Over a short period of time, we find it easier to remember the string of numbers "404 894 6743" because:

The grouping of the numbers is significant.

In entity-relationship modeling, particular importance is attached to

The linking of actions with the objects that perform them.

In HCI, what is critical mass?

The number of users required to make a system cost effective.

A computer can be defined as

The participant in an interaction that runs a program.

What is meant by task conformance?

The system should allow the user to achieve any desired task in the application domain

You are designing a user support system as part of an application design. Your first priority for consideration should be

The task and context of the user.

What does Fitt's Law describe?

The time taken to hit a target.

The gulf of execution refers to:

The user's difficulty in formulating and articulating an intention to the system.

Why is a stable response time important in a system?

The user's motor skills anticipate a consistent responsivity.

Why might participants in a workstation-based video conference feel a lack of engagement with each other?

They do not meet socially and so do not know one another. [WRONG]

Which of the following are important in the design focus of HCI?

Thinking of the user. Testing the HCI. Involving the users. Iteration.

One of the most misunderstood elements of the Seeheim Model is the lower box: the bypass or switch. Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of this switch?

To allow rapid semantic feedback to the intended application

The four main types of assistance required by users are:

Tutorial. Quick reference. Task-specific help. Full explanation.

For a product to be successful, it must be:

Useful, Usable, Used by humans.

For a product to be successful, it must be

Useful. Usable. Used by humans.

Why is immediacy a desirable characteristic of evaluation methods?

Users' recollection of events can be unreliable.

Which of the following situations would suggest the choice of a within-groups experimental design?

Very few representative users are available.

The transitions on the Interaction Framework

Represent the translations required from one component to the next.

The transitions on the Interaction Framework:

Represent the translations required from one component to the next.

Prototyping is closest to which waterfall design activity?

Requirements specification.

Which statement best describes a co-operative evaluation?

The evaluator observes the user carrying out pre-determined tasks and interrupts when confused; the user describes what he/she is doing and says what he/she thinks of the system.

Affordances are:

The implicit suggestions for use that an object possesses.

Why are people less able to distinguish fine detail in blue?

There are fewer cones in the center of the retina that are sensitive to blue light.

ASCII codes are used

To represent letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation, and control characters.

Questions in a design space analysis give structure to the space. Options for solving the questions are assessed according to a set of

criteria

Think about a stock control system. The warehouse manager queries the system to find out how many six-inch nails are in stock. Why did he do this? Perhaps a salesperson has been asked to deliver 100,000 six-inch nails within a fortnight and wants to know if the company is able to fulfill the order in time. So the act of looking at the stock control system involves what three stakeholders?

the client the warehouse manager the salesperson

A ___ is an example of a "direct device"

touchscreen

A major issue in the area of research is one of separation between the semantics of the application and the interface provided for the user to make use of those semantics. In alphabetical order, here are four good arguments that support this separation of concerns: In alphabetical order, the logical components of a UIMS are: From the intended user to the intended application, the logical components of the Seeheim Model are:

1. Customization 2. Multiple interfaces 3. Portability 4. Reusability 5. Application interface 6. Dialog control 7. Presentation 8. Lexical 9. Syntactic 10. Semantic

Design can be defined as achieving [1] within [2] with [3] woven throughout to achieve the desired results. The design process begins with [4] and then proceeds through the [5] step. This is followed by the [6] phase with [7] following it, then finally achieving [8].

1. goals 2. constraints 3. trade-offs 4. requirements 5. analysis 6. design 7. iteration 8. implementation

The HCI term IBIS was coined by H. Rittel in 1970. IBIS stands for [1] - [2] [3] [4]. In 1991, Conklin and Yakemovic added a letter g to the term (gIBIS) where the g stands for [5].

1. issue 2. based 3. information 4. system 5. graphical

Customizability refers to the modifiability of the interface by the user or the system. System-initiated modification is exemplified by

Adaptive help systems

ASCII stands for

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

PostScript is

An imaging model based on paths and boundaries.

PostScript is:

An imaging model based on paths and boundaries.

In computing, the "look and feel" is a reference to

An important characteristic of WIMP interfaces.

Which of these statements best describes the law of size constancy?

An object is perceived to be the same size no matter how far away it is.

Which of the following represent the four (4) main phases of the design process?

Analysis Design Prototype What is wanted? Implementation/deployment

When referring to human-computer interaction (HCI), the user is defined as

Any of these.

When referring to human-computer interaction (HCI), the word computer is best described as:

Any of these.

Windows

Are regions that behave as if they were independent terminals.

Statement 1 Graphical user interfaces have made computers more accessible to all users. Statement 2 The three types of human memory are sensory memory, short-term memory, and working memory.

Both statements are false.

Statement 1 The first system to use a VDU for abstracting, visualizing, and manipulating different representations of information was the Apple Lisa. Statement 2 You are driving down a busy one-way street and miss your turn. To correct this, you would make use of both backward error recovery and forward error recovery.

Both statements are false.

Statement 1 The fovea of the human eye is just behind the cornea. Statement 2 The blind spot of the eye is just under the lens.

Both statements are false.

Statement 1 CLI (Command Line Interface) is often used because it is powerful and flexible. Statement 2 Natural language systems are not used because of the computational complexities involved in understanding speech.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 Design can be defined as achieving a goal within set constraints. Statement 2 Constraints can include required materials, required standards, and budget.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 Design rationale is the information that explains why a computer system is the way it is. Statement 2 One example of a generative usability technique is to apply standards and guidelines to kick-start a design exercise

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 Fitts' Law uses the formula movement time = a + b log2 (distance/size + 1) where a and b are empirically determined constants. Statement 2 Studies of keyboard operators have shown that, although the faster operators were up to twice as fast as the others, the slower ones made 10 times the errors.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 In typography, a counter is the area of typeface anatomy that is entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol. Statement 2 Letters containing closed counters include A, B, D, O, P, Q, R, a, b, d, e, g, o, p, and q.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 Interactive use involves a user. Statement 2 Batch data entry is used when there is a large amount of data to be entered into a system.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 Speech technology is a small area of commercial interest. Statement 2 Courier is a fixed-pitch font.

Both statements are true.

Statement 1 For users who read text from left to right, lists of text items should be aligned to the left. Statement 2 White space is not as important as the content that the overall space is holding.

Both statements are true. [WRONG]

____ derives the logically necessary conclusion from the given premises. ____ is generalizing from cases we have seen to infer information about cases we have not seen. ____ is the method we use to derive explanations for the events we observe. ____ is the process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusions or infer something new about the domain of interest.

Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Abductive reasoning Reasoning

Which statement most accurately portrays the moral behind the myth of the infinitely fast machine?

Designers must consider the consequences of time delays.

Why is it important to narrow the formality gap for effective validation of interactive properties of systems?

Domain experts validating the system may not understand design notations.

Consider the following fragment from a marriage service: Minister: Do you, name, take this woman... Man: I do. Minister: Do you, name, take this man... Woman: I do. Minister: I now pronounce you man and wife. In HCI parlance, this is an example of what?

HCI dialog

The widgets in many toolkits are structured in an object-oriented manner. This is because:

It allows the construction of complex interaction objects based on simpler ones.

Which statement best describes the benefit of a field study?

It allows the interaction to be studied in context.

IBIS is a process-oriented design rationale. This means

It provides a historical record of design decisions and is tailored for use during design discussions.

Why is haptic perception important in Virtual Reality?

It provides feedback when an object is picked up.

A system that uses multiple human communication channels is called

Multi-modal.

Statement 1 Humans are limited in their capacity to process information. Statement 2 Users share common capabilities and are individuals with differences, but these differences should be ignored.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 Interactive features, safety features, and reliability are all examples of the non-functional requirements of a system. Statement 2 Storyboards are a prototyping technique that simulates parts of the functionality of a system.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 Pregnant women should avoid using computers for extended periods of time because there have been suggested health risks. Statement 2 The use of color in displays is not important because humans differ in their ability to perceive color.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 Recognition is easier than recall. Statement 2 The main strength of the Problem Space Framework as a model of human problem solving is that it allows ill-defined problems to be solved.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 What differentiates a window from a dialog box is the ability to minimize/maximize. Statement 2 Menus offer a choice of operations that are context sensitive.

Only Statement 1 is true.

Statement 1 The main purpose of a toolkit is to allow the programmer to design custom interaction widgets. Statement 2 Low-level programming on the Macintosh uses a read-evaluation loop.

Only Statement 1 is true. [WRONG]

Statement 1 Usability paradigms derive from theoretical knowledge of the psychological, computational, and sociological aspects of the interaction. Statement 2 If a computer is not running TCP/IP, it will not be able to connect to the Internet.

Only Statement 1 is true. [WRONG] Both statements are true [WRONG]

Statement 1 It is easier to recall information than to recognize it, which is why visible menus are preferable to typed commands. Statement 2 When tracing the history of interactive computing, the windowing concept became popular when humans needed the ability to perform more than one task at a time.

Only Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 Models of interaction are useful because they allow us to compare different users for efficiency. Statement 2 Models of interaction provide a framework to compare different interaction styles to examine interaction problems.

Only Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 The printer is the most common output device. Statement 2 LCD screens are more popular than cathode ray tubes because they take up less space and emit less radiation.

Only Statement 2 is true.

The Muller-Lyer and Ponzo illusions are examples of what HCI design concern?

Perceiving optical illusions.

You receive an email message, and a flag immediately appears in your electronic mailbox to indicate that you have a new message. This is an example of:

Persistence

Which of the following are examples of paradigms for interaction?

Personal computing. Hypertext.

A script represents default or stereotypical information, allowing us to fully interpret partial descriptions or cues. A script comprises a number of elements, which, like slots, can be filled with appropriate information:

Props - Objects involved in the events described in the script. Tracks - A variation on the general pattern representing an alternative scenario. Result - Conditions that will be true after the script is terminated. Entry conditions - Conditions that must be satisfied for the script to be activated. Roles - Actions performed by particular participants. Scenes - The sequences of events that occur.

Handwriting technology is not widely used because:

Recognition is neither fast nor accurate for a wide range of users.