HDFS 3300 Final
Below are some some emotion-related questions or statements one might make during a story book reading. All would be appropriate responses EXCEPT
-"Have you ever felt like this character?" -"What is (this character) feeling right now?" -*"No no, he shouldn't be angry."* -"Look at his face, he looks really happy about going to the park!"
Which of the following is an example of teachers engaging in print knowledge instruction during a shared big-reading?
-"If this is a picture of a carrot, what word do you think this word might be?" -"Watch the direction the pointer goes as I read" -"I see three letter Bs on this page. Who can put highlighter tape on the three letter Bs on this page?" -*All of these*
Which of the following is an example of a teacher engaging in a think aloud?
-*"This reminds me of when my daddy built me a log cabin playhouse"* -"Can you think of a time when you felt like the little boy in the story?" -"These letters of 'c,' 'a,' 't,' What word do you think 'c', 'a', 't', spells?" -"What is going to happen next?"
Children should read:
-*All of these* -Age appropriate texts -Narrative (storybook) texts -Expository texts (fact-based)
Planning a strong read-aloud includes:
-*All of these* -Choosing good books -Planning out how you will read the book (e.g., small or large group? which area of the room?) -Asking different kinds of questions throughout the reading -Reading the book ahead of time
Which of the following instructional strategies is an example of the explicit teaching of writing?
-*All of these* -Teacher writes the letter T and describes how the letter is being formed -Teacher helps child match a sound with the correct symbol -Teacher shows the children how to invite the center director to the classroom
Interactive or "hot spots" in ebooks or literacy apps
-*Are problematic when they do not related to literacy goals* -Are necessary to sustain child enagement -Are the same as audio narration -Are better than bi-modal reading
The best definition of incidental strategies in helping children learn new words is:
-*Capitalizing on teachable moments.* -Interrupting reading to explain new words; -Teaching analytical strategies; -Using oral contextual cues;
Which of the following is an example of environmental print?
-*Cheerios© box* -Directions for using the listening center -Class attendance chart -Daily schedule
According to the work of the NELP (2009), the best precursory skills to target for intervention are
-*Oral language* -Phonological memory -Rapid naming of objects -*Phonological Awareness* -*Alphabet Knowledge*
What is the obvious connection between oral and written language?
-*Vocabulary* -Symbol -Context cue -Text
The best definition of dialogic reading is:
-*adult-child conversation about a book* -a prompted approach to shared reading; -a language experience that supports oral language comprehension. -a shared book approach to storybook reading;
Why is it important to create a "community of learners" in the classroom?
-*all of these* -so there is more than one teacher in the classroom -so children can demonstrate, or coach, each other -so children see the strengths in each other
What limits young children's ability to compose written text during a shared writing experience?
-Inability to read text -*Lack of experiences* -Inability to write text -None of these
Julia, a 4-year-old, writes "ssabegy" on a piece a paper. The letters are a bit squiggly, but they are correctly formed. When her teacher asks her what she has written, Julie replies, "I love my cat." Which form of emergent writing is Julia using?
-None of these — - it is nonsense writing -Invented spelling -*Non-phonetic letter strings* -Letter-like forms
Which of the following variables have been identified as not predictive of later reading success?
-Phonemic awareness -*Phonology* -Print knowledge -Alphabet Knowledge
All are contexts for developing oral language comprehension except:
-recitation
The key characteristic of a discovery approach to early literacy teaching is:
-sequential lessons -make believe play -*problem solving tasks* -explicit instruction
Informative texts:
-*are a source for building children's knowledge* -are overlooked in the Common Core State Standards -are read too frequently by preschool teachers. -help young children learn about narrative story structure.
Drawing helps prepare toddlers for writing
-*by learning how to apply the right amount of pressure with a writing tool* -only when family members or caregivers ask toddlers to draw specific letters -*by learning how to hold the paper so it stays steady in one place* -*by providing a way to communicate their ideas* -only when it is about themselves -*by learning how to grasp different writing tools*
According to the Global Family Research Project, the seven research-based ways that families can promote early literacy include (select all correct)
-*communicate with child's teachers* -*making reading enjoyable* -*visiting the library* -*having engaging conversations* -teach the order of the alphabet -spending time to ensure children learn the dominant language of their region -using sight-word flash cards
Sign-up sheets:
-*help children learn about the practical uses of written language.* -should only be used in the art and block centers AND help children learn about the practical uses of written language. -should not be used until children are able to write their names conventionally. -should only be used in the art and block centers.
Metalinguist concept of letter
-*knowledge about the fuctions of letters (what letters do)?* -knowledge of sounds that map to letters -knowledge that letters come in two forms, upper- and lower-case -knowledge of letter names
The best definition of oral language comprehension is:
-Ability to participate in conversations. -Identifying the meanings of new words in context; -*Ability to speak and listen with understanding* -Command of the conventions of grammar and usage;
Taylor says, "I woke up. Runned down the stairs. I tripped on Moxy. She meowed - OUCH! I hug Moxy sorry. The end." To dictate this story, Taylor's teacher, Dawn, writes clearly and sits directly next to Taylor. Dawn writes: "I woke up. I ran down the stairs and tripped on our cat, Moxy. Moxy meowed, "Ouch!" I hugged Moxy to say "I'm sorry." The end." Dawn reads it back to Taylor. Dawn encourages Taylor to read it back to her. Dawn's story dictation....
-Appropriately incorporates correcting children's incorrect speech -*uses standard spelling* -supports the speech-to-text connection -Contains all the essential components of a good story dictation
Which is not the teacher's role in encouraging children to experiment with emergent forms of reading and writing?
-Confirm when the children's hypotheses about print are correct. -Expect children to create meaning and communication through different explorations, including from print. -*Evaluate if children can write conventionally and recognize numerous printed words.* -Support children's explorations with materials and with comments.
Dialogic reading is an example of which storybook reading strategy?
-Decontextualized book reading -*Interactive storybook reading* -Shared big-book storybook reading -Traditional teacher talk storybook read aloud
Critical development for phonology development begins:
-During the last three months of prenatal development.
Which aspect of writing do children mostly learn about through their observing family writing activities?
-Formation of letters -Punctuation of sentences -*Purpose of writing* -Spelling of words
Janice is working on making sure she offers strong code-focused instruction in her preschool class. The following would be good examples of supporting code-focused instruction
-Having children trace letters each day on specialized worksheets -*Using children's names for a variety of purposes and to demonstrate sounds* -*Identifying syllabus in clear ways (e.g., bu/ter as opposed to but/ter)* -*Modeling clear pronunciation of words without raising and lowering her voice* -*Asking children to identify the names of letters as you point to them* -*Using analysis activities to break down or take sounds apart* -*Using synthesis activities to blend syllables or phonemes make words* -Focusing mainly on rhyming activities as these have been shown to make a signficant impact
All of the statements about television and electronic media are true, except:
-High quality and age appropriate television programming provide benefits for children between the ages of 3 to 5 -By 24 months children can begin to comprehend content from television and e-storybooks -Children under 22 months learn words less effectively from television and electronic media devices than from direct interactions with adults -*Children younger than 18 months benefit from television and electronic media*
Which of the following is an example of functional print?
-Labels on soft drink cans -*Helper charts* -Restaurant menus -Road signs
Vocabulary knowledge is organized into:
-Language convention areas. -Speaking and listening domains; -*Receptive and expressive vocabulary* -Language experience categories;
Some easy language and literacy ideas that can help children learn more about and practice emotion labels are:
-Make a book together about emotions - all the things that make you happy, or what different emotions look and feel like -*All of these* -Share a story in a way that focuses on the feelings of characters and how they reacted. -Ask the child to guess what you are feeling based on the face you make.
A child writes: gon me fr lnch In terms of translating kid writing, all are appropriate answers EXCEPT
-NOT A teacher might say, "Can you read your message to me [the class]?" -This could be "join me for lunch" -NOT This writing contains some conventionally spelled words -"Hmm, I don't know what that means. Let's see if we can find the right words around our room for what you want to tell us." -This is an example of phonetic/invented spelling
The author's chair strategy:
-NOT Provides a means for children to share their writing with others -Helps children develop a sense of authorship. -NOT Provides a means for children to share their writing with others and helps children develop a sense of authorship. -Is a literacy-enriched version of the old favorite, "Musical Chairs".
In order to learn about literacy, young children need to?
-None of the above -Have access to print (books) and writing materials. -*Both Observe their parents, other adults, or older siblings using literacy in everyday situations AND Have access to print (books) and writing materials.* -Observe their parents, other adults, or older siblings using literacy in everyday situations
Which of the following is a developmentally inappropriate handwriting practice?
-Teacher requiring children to write 25 letter ms as a homework assignment. -Teacher rotating children through a center where they use an iPad app to trace the letter m. -Teacher talking about how he is forming the letter m as he writes a shared writing text. -NOT Teacher requiring children to sign up to use the tricycles during outdoor play.
Which component of the pre-K and K schedule is ideal for providing explicit instruction on skills that specific children need to learn?
-Transitions -Whole-group time -*Small-group time* -Center time
Which of the following questions is an example of an inferential question?
-What causes the farmer to be angry with the cows?
Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?
-What did Goldilocks say when she tasted Momma Bears porridge? -What color was Goldilocks hair? -What did Papa Bear say when he saw his chair? -*Why do you think Goldilocks went into the Three Bears home?*
The most effective approach for developing early word-level skills is:
-a combination of direct instruction in alphabet letter knowledge and phonological awareness
On-going assessment includes:
-all of these
In her special feature, which one of the following strategies for reading storybooks to children with special needs does Laura Justice NOT recommend?
-allow the child to pick the book being read -accept any form of participation -allow the child to hold the book and turn the pages -*follow a strict routine so that the child knows what to expect*
Personal interactions are opportunities for parents and early childhood teachers/caregivers to share information about a child's behavior and academic performance. Which of the following statements is true?
-any message is enhanced if it is delivered warmly, respectfully, and with genuine concern
At the pre-K level, classroom should:
-be organized into clearly defined centers
When choosing an artifact for students' showcase portfolio teachers should
-choose pieces that illustrate students' best performance
A true statement of the formative assessment approach is:
-compare children to one another -NOT gather information on all children's performance in exactly the same way. -use the information to compare teacher effectiveness -gather information within the control of classroom activities
Summative assessments support all of the following assessment purposes except:
-comparing districts/schools with one another. -providing reliable and valid performance data -determining which children need additional support services. -*monitoring curriculum effectiveness*
According to the text, the connection between language and reading and writing requires children to:
-connect the spoken word to the symbols which represent the sounds of their language -print the letters of the alphabet -NOT all of these -learn the alphabet song
Children become skilled at decontextualized language by all the following activities except which activity?
-creating fantasy worlds -listening to stories -NOT providing explanations -engaging in conversation
The main purpose of classroom-based assessment tools is to:
-determine achievement level -provide achievement results -provide summative data -*monitor learning growth*
The teacher's first task in assessing early literacy is:
-determine what is important to learn about students' literacy knowledge and skills. -develop a rubric. -discover tools that will accurately measure students' literacy knowledge and skills. -*pre-test students' prior knowledge and skills*
All are characteristics of effective early reading approaches except:
-differentiated instruction -well-defined scope and sequence -a lesson framework -*tracing letter activities*
All are approaches to early reading teaching except:
-discovery approach -play-based approach -basal approach -*language experience approach*
Read the following description of an activity in the preschool classroom. "head should knees and toes activity" From which approach does this originate?
-explicit instruction approach
A toddler makes a squiggle on his paper and then says, "This says, 'By Mateo!." The caregiver says, "Actually, you write it like this..", the teacher takes the paper and writes the words while saying the letters, "B - y, by, space, M - a - t - e - o, Mateo." This response is best for supporting toddler's early writing.
-false
As Yopp and Yopp (2009) note, phonological awareness can best be addressed in shared book reading followed by worksheets that target key word sounds from the book.
-false
Assistive technology cannot improve certain skill deficits; it primarily helps individuals participate fully in the classroom or society.
-false
Because they are inherently interested in these, choosing books related to popular media (e.g., television shows or movies) for young children is always a great way to support their early literacy skills
-false
Families or caregivers should wait to teach baby sign until children have expressive language.
-false
In group care, it is important to get through the diapering routine quickly, so that you an return to playing with the children, for research shows this is where more communication takes place
-false
Infants (up to 12 months of age) do not recognize differences in skin color or body features.
-false
Print referencing is helpful for all children, except those with developmental disabilities or delays
-false
Research shows that most children naturally pay attention to print during shared book reading, regardless of whether the teacher directs them to or not.
-false
There is a wide body of evidence that instructing young children to write their names simnifically increases their conventional literacy skills later in life.
-false
When talking with children about differences (e.g., race, gender, culture, religion), if you want to help negate racism, sexism (or other kinds of prejudices based on culture or religion) it is best just to emphasize how all people are alike (we are all the same inside).
-false
You can use various scaffolding strategies to support children during real aloud. According to STAR, reducing choices is a good low support strategy
-false
According to your text, which family factor has the greatest effect on children's school readiness
-family socio-economic level
The proper dose frequency of book-reading
-is between 2-4 reading sessions per week for most children -*all of these* -includes 4-6 print references per reading session -for children at a higher risk for reading difficulties, 6 or more session per week is helpful
Print convention skills are an indictor of:
-later reading achievement -children's familiarity with printed text -NOT alphabet knowledge -phonological awareness
The learning domain that best fits for the speaking and listening CCSS kindergarten standard (SL.K.3) Ask and answer questions in order to seek kelp, get information, or clarify something not understood is:
-listening comprehension
The alphabetic principle:
-maintains that children need to learn the alphabet before they can read words -*states that letters of the alphabet have a relationship with the speech sounds* -is best taught using the letter-of-the week approach. -has been discredited by research.
Interactive storybook reading or shared book reading is an example of a
-meaning-level technique
What factor does not influence the rate of a child's language acquisition?
-number of siblings
Experts recommend that teachers do which of the following when reading storybooks to young children?
-point out and explain book concepts (illustrations, author's name, title)
Emergent literacy could inclose the following skills and/or behaviors (check all that apply)
-pretending to write -pretending to read -playing with sound patterns -naming letters
A key feature of a play-based approach is:
-problem solving about a topic -*scaffolded writing* -direct instruction -a core reading program
Pre-K writing centers should:
-provide multiple types of writing implements
1. A think aloud strategy:
-provides a model of language use
Key ways to develop toddlers early writing are
-providing repeated explicit instruction to copy specific letters -*making sure drawing/writing tools are accessible* -*having conversations about symbols in the environment and how they represent other things* -*having many opportunities for toddlers to see their names in writing and learn about the letters in their names* -*providing opportunities to develop their fine motor skills, such as stacking blocks, picking up toys, etc.* -emphasizing the difference between a drawing and writing
All of the following statements are true about parentese (child direct speech), except
-slows baby's development of language
Decontextualized language occurs in:
-storybooks
All of the following are true when babies scribble EXCEPT
-the are trying to imitate what they see family members or other important adults do -The are learning what they can do with writing utensils like crayons -using washable materials and surfaces can be helpful -*it is inappropriate to ask "what did you write?"*
Which of the following is a key feature of interactive storybook reading?
-the teacher encourages children to talk and think about the story, while it is being read
Which statement is correct about the teacher' role in the emergent literacy approach to learning?
-the teacher's role is to provide the materials, experiences, and interactions that enable children to learn to read and write
All of the following statements about language learning are true, except:
-there are predictable stages of language development -expanding on children's language optimizes language learning -children have a natural instinct to learn language -*learning a second-language is difficult for a young child*
Research shows that young children's ability to identify letters is strongly associated with their future reading performance in grade school.
-true
Pick the more "uncommon" feeling word. Consider how this word, and other more sophisticated feeling words can help support children's rich vocabularies and help them better describe the nuances of what they feel.
-uncomfortable
Parker believes in a mixed method approach to early reading teaching. She understands the importance of phoneme awareness in the learn-to-read process, so she uses a direct instruction method to develop her kindergarteners' phoneme awareness. To best support these lessons using a different method, she can:
-use chants and songs with rhyming words -rely on environmental print to communicate this concept -use worksheets to reinforce students' learning -*focus on sounds in words during shared book reading*
Interactive storybook reading or shared book reading is an example of a:
-word-level technique -vocabulary technique -meaning-level technique -NOT listening comprehension technique
Select an appropriate active (reflective) listening response based on the following child statement: Samantha: "Boys get to have way more fun. They get all dirty and play superhero"
-you want to get dirty and play superheros because those things sound fun
Match the different kids of talk that can happen during a diaper change. Match the examples with the types of talk: 1. anticipatory 2. parallel 3. explanatory 4. descriptive 5. self-talk 6. decontextualized 7. home language
1. "it is time... 2. "I can see... 3. "I am going... 4. "you have on... 5. "I see you 6. "can you hear 7. other language
Pictures of children's writing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1. D- Almost conventional 2. B- Drawing as writing 3. C- Non-phonemic letter strings 4. A- Scribble writing 5. E- Invented spelling 6. F- Letter-like units
Linguistic Terminology - Matching 1. Word-like sounds babies make. 2. The ability to relate new words to preexisting internalized concepts, then remember and use them after only one exposure. 3. One word carried the semantic burden for a whole sentence or phrase 4. Two- and three-word sentences that contain only the most necessary of words to convey meaning. 5. A pattern of speech that exhibits conversation-like tones and behaviors, such as turn-taking, eye contact, and recognizable gestures.
1. Echolalia 2. Fast mapping 3. Holophrastic words 4. Telegraphic speech 5. Vocables
Match the skill predictive of children's reading achievement (left side) with each skill's definition (right side) 1. phonological awareness 2. alphabet knowledge 3. print knowledge 4. receptive language
1. awareness of speech sound... 2. knowledge of letter names... 3. knowledge of such thing... 4. used to comprehend in...
Matching: 1. A point of reference that describes progress at a point in time. 2. A test used to compare a student's progress toward mastery of specified content, typically content the student had been taught. The performance criterion is referenced to some criterion level such as a cutoff score (e.g., a score of 60 is required for mastery). 3. A form of assessment that relies on the regular collection of children's work to illustrate children's knowledge and learning. The children's products are created as they engage in daily classroom activities. Thus, children are learning while they are being assessed. 4. A test that is designed to compare one group of students with another group 5. A collection of student work 6. Consistency of the data; if the same test is administered to the same child on consecutive days, the child's score should be the similar 7. The teacher reads verbatim the scripted procedures to the students. The conditions and directions are the same whenever the test is administered. Standardized tests are one form of on-demand testing 8. A type of assessment that occurs during a special time set aside for testing. In most cases, teaching and learning come to a complete stop while the teacher conducts the assessment 9. Extent to which an assessment really measures what it claims to measure
1. benchmark 2. criterion-referenced test 3. formative assessment 4. norm-referenced test 5. portfolio 6. reliability 7. standardized test 8. summative assessment 9. validity
Matching: 1. Limits responses, for example, yes or no answers. What color is Goldilocks hair? 2. Generates the most engaging discussion, and have more than one "correct" answer 3. An answer or conclusion that is rationally and logically made, based on the given facts or information in the text. 4. Asks the child to explain the meaning of a word or offer another word with similar meaning 5. Is an informed guess, opinion based on prior experience For example, after viewing the cover illustration, What do you think the story might be about?
1. closed-ended 2. open-ended 3. inferential 4. vocabulary 5. prediction
Vocabulary - Matching 1. The smallest unit of sound in a language. There are approximately 44 in English 2. Smallest unit of meaning in a language (e.g., cats contants two - cat [animal] and s [plural] 3. Sometimes called parentese. Speech patterns used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children, particularly infants, usually involving simplified vocabulary, melodic pitch, repetitive questioning, and a slow or deliberate tempo 4. Rule that affects how language is used in different social contexts
1. morpheme 2. child directed speech 3. prosody 4. pragmatics
Look through the skills below and match up with is likely a conventional literacy skill versus and emergent literacy skill 1. ability to decode 2. spelling 3. reading comprehension 4. alphabet knowledge 5. rapid naming of objects and colors 6. phonological awareness
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