health

Accident

"an unfortunate event resulting especially from carelessness or ignorance".

Fractures

(Broken bones), A fracture is a broken bone. It requires medical attention. If the broken bone is the result of major trauma or injury, call 911 or your local emergency number.

CPR for adults

1. Ask if alright, 2. Chain of survival

Chain of survival

1. Call 911, 2. CPR, 3. AED, 4. Transfer to advance care

The body contains over

100 different types of hormones. All of these hormones work with glands that make up the endocrine system to perform many vital functions in the human body.

The 3 classifications of burns are

1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree

Foods for Pineal Gland Health

A disruption in the sleep cycle has cascading, negative effects on the entire endocrine system and overall health. Vitamins B-5 (pantothenic acid) and B-6 (pyridoxine) help the pineal gland to produce and release melatonin, a hormone that regulates circadian rhythms -- your body's inner clock mechanism. Foods containing vitamins B-5 and B-6 include avocados, beans, lentils, mushrooms, sweet potatoes, tuna and turkey.

Reducing Risks of Drowning

A drowning is classified as death caused by submersion in and inhalation of water. The main risk factors that contribute to drowning risk are the inability to swim, lack of barriers such as fencing around water, lack of supervision, not wearing life jackets and alcohol use around water. Follow these guidelines to prevent drowning risk: Use the buddy system---never swim alone, Supervise children closely when around water. A responsible adult should be close enough to reach the child at all times. Learn to swim, Avoid drinking alcohol while swimming, Learn CPR, and Know weather conditions and forecast if swimming or boating

Reducing risks of falls

According to the World Health Organization, falls are the second leading cause of unintentional injury deaths worldwide. There are many safety tips that can help to prevent fall risk. Here are just a few: Make your home safer by removing rugs and other items that you can trip on. Install grab bars, railings and non-skid pads and have sufficient lighting, Keep floors and stairways clutter free, Make sure small children and infants are well supervised at all times, and Do strength and balance exercises

Sport Related Injury Prevention

Always warm up and cool down, including stretching and large movements to warm core muscles. Wear protective gear such as pads and helmets, Follow the rules of the game or sport, Be aware of others playing, and Never work out or play when you are already injured

If a victim is in cardiac arrest, which of the following are the proper ordered steps to follow in order to best help the victim?

Call 911, Begin chest compressions until an AED is found, follow directions using AED until medical help arrives

Which emergency procedure is used on a victim whose heartbeat and breathing has stopped completely?

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Signs and symptoms of shock vary depending on circumstances and may include

Cool, clammy skin, Pale or ashen skin, Rapid pulse, Rapid breathing, Nausea or vomiting, Enlarged pupils, Weakness or fatigue, Dizziness or fainting, and Changes in mental status or behavior, such as anxiousness or agitation

Fuel for Growth

Eating a variety of foods is the best way to get all the vitamins and minerals you need each day, as well as the right balance of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and calories. Whole or unprocessed foods — like fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, lean meats, fish, and poultry — are the best choices for providing the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy and grow properly. Pick items that are high in vitamins and minerals.

Exocrine Glands

Exocrine glands release enzymes into ducts that connect to specific surfaces of the body. Some examples of exocrine glands are sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands and stomach glands. The pancreas can be considered both an endocrine and exocrine gland because it secretes pancreatic juice that is carried to the small intestine through ducts. However there are also islet cells in the pancreas, which secrete insulin and is then released into the bloodstream directly.

Home accidents are the second leading cause of death including

Falls (⅓), Poisonings, Fires, Suffocation and choking, and Drowning

You can reach and maintain a healthy weight if you

Follow a healthy diet, and if you are overweight or obese, reduce your daily intake by 500 calories for weight loss and are physically active

Hormones

Hormones can be classified as either steroid or peptide hormones. Steroid hormones, or lipid hormones, are insoluble in water and therefore they can pass through cell membranes. Peptide hormones, or protein hormones, are soluble in water so they cannot enter cell membranes. Peptides bind to receptors to pass messages to the cell which activates enzymes within the cell.

the proper first aid steps when treating an adult who is choking.

If the person is able to cough forcefully, the person should keep coughing. If the person is choking and can't talk, cry, or laugh forcefully, the American Red Cross recommends a "five-and-five" approach to delivering first aid: Give 5 back blows. Stand to the side and just behind a choking adult. For a child, kneel down behind. Place one arm across the person's chest for support. Bend the person over at the waist so that the upper body is parallel with the ground. Deliver five separate back blows between the person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. Give 5 abdominal thrusts. Perform five abdominal thrusts (also known as the Heimlich maneuver). Alternate between 5 blows and 5 thrusts until the blockage is dislodged.

Reducing risks of fires

Install smoke detectors on every level of your home, Test smoke alarms monthly, Make a family escape plan, In the event of a fire, "Get out, stay out, and call for help.", and Never smoke in bed

If you suspect a person is in shock, call 911 or your local emergency number. Then immediately take the following steps

Lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain or further injury. Keep the person still and don't move him or her unless necessary. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as breathing, coughing or movement. Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling. Don't let the person eat or drink anything. If you suspect that the person is having an allergic reaction, and you have access to an epinephrine autoinjector, use it according to its instructions. If the person is bleeding, hold pressure over the bleeding area, using a towel or sheet. If the person vomits or begins bleeding from the mouth, turn him or her onto a side to prevent choking, unless you suspect a spinal injury.

What Is Overweight and Obesity?

Overweight is having extra body weight from muscle, bone, fat, and/or water. Obesity is having a high amount of extra body fat.

Reducing risks of Poisonings

Poisoning can cause injury or even death and can result from touching, swallowing, inhaling or injecting chemicals, drugs, gases or venoms. Follow these guidelines to prevent poisoning: Always store medicines and chemicals out of the reach of children, Use prescription and over the counter medicines according to directions, Keep medicines and chemicals in their original containers, Install carbon monoxide detectors throughout your home, and Keep your garage and other work spaces well ventilated

Which of the following steps are appropriate to use on an adult choking victim that cannot speak or cough?

Repeat cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

Don't move the person except if necessary to avoid further injury. Take these actions immediately while waiting for medical help

Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing. Immobilize the injured area. Don't try to realign the bone or push a bone that's sticking out back in. If you've been trained in how to splint and professional help isn't readily available, apply a splint to the area above and below the fracture sites. Padding the splints can help reduce discomfort. Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain. Don't apply ice directly to the skin. Wrap the ice in a towel, piece of cloth or some other material. Treat for shock. If the person feels faint or is breathing in short, rapid breaths, lay the person down with the head slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs.

Reducing Risks of Suffocation and Choking

Suffocation is losing the ability to breathe due to strangulation or smothering by bedding or other materials. The National Safety Council states that suffocation is the leading cause of death for children under the age of 1. Only use cribs that meet all CPSC standards. Place crib or bed properly in room; away from windows, draperies, cords, Place infant on back to sleep, and Don't place stuffed animals or blankets in crib with infant

Foods for Adrenal Health

The adrenal glands are especially important during times of stress because they secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine in order to trigger the "fight or flight" response. Stress stimulates the adrenals to release cortisol, the "stress hormone," to regulate blood sugar, blood pressure, metabolism, immune response and anti-inflammatory actions. If cortisol levels remain high, adrenal fatigue can occur. Anti-inflammatory foods support adrenal health. These include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, beans and fatty fish.

Endocrine Glands

The endocrine glands are ductless glands that release secretions directly into the bloodstream, which can then be carried to other parts of the body. There are several types of endocrine glands: The thyroid regulates the body's metabolism. The thyroid secretes the hormone thyroxine. The adrenal glands function is to release hormones during the stress response. The pineal gland is found in the brain and it secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates the circadian rhythms in the body and ultimately affects sleep. The pancreas releases insulin to regulate blood sugar in the body. After a meal, insulin is released to then signal the body to release glucose from the bloodstream for energy. Once the energy needs are met, insulin then signals the liver to store the excess glucose as glycogen.

Endocrine System

The endocrine system affects almost all cells, organs, and functions within our bodies. It is made up of a group of glands that secrete chemicals, mainly hormones, into the bloodstream. These hormones play a role in many of the functions of our bodies as well as influence the secretion of other hormones in the body. Hormones play an important role in regulating the digestive, respiratory, excretory, reproductive, and nervous systems. The endocrine system maintains homeostasis, or balance, within our bodies.

Preventing Accidents with Firearms

The following are safety tips one should follow: Always keep guns pointed in a safe direction, away from others, Always keep finger off the trigger until ready to shoot, Always store guns unloaded, Know your target and what lies beyond the target, Have proper gun training prior to using a firearm, Keep firearms in good working order and have them inspected regularly, Always wear eye and ear protection when using a firearm, Never be under the influence of alcohol, over the counter or prescription drugs when using a firearm, Store firearms safely and out of reach of children and unauthorized users, and When cleaning a firearm, follow safety precautions

Foods for Hypothalamus Health

The hypothalamus plays a key role in metabolism and weight management. Diets high in certain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including a 1:1 ratio of omega-3s to omega-6s, improved hypothalamus health and function. According to this study, a diet low in saturated fat and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids will improve hypothalamus function. Foods rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids include flaxseed oil, hemp seeds, pumpkin seeds, wild-caught salmon, grass-fed beef, eggs, sardines and tuna.

Also call for emergency help if

The person is unresponsive, isn't breathing or isn't moving. Begin CPR if there's no breathing or heartbeat, There is heavy bleeding, Even gentle pressure or movement causes pain, The limb or joint appears deformed, The bone has pierced the skin, The extremity of the injured arm or leg, such as a toe or finger, is numb or bluish at the tip, You suspect a bone is broken in the neck, head or back.

Foods for Thyroid Health

Vitamin D helps control overall thyroid hormone production. While synthesizing vitamin D from sun exposure is ideal, foods such as cod liver oil, organic eggs, fortified dairy products, fortified cereals, mushrooms and oily fish will also boost vitamin D levels. Selenium is a mineral that helps activate the enzymes needed to maintain normal thyroid function and to stimulate thyroid hormone production. Foods containing the highest amount of selenium are organ meats, clams, grass-fed beef, pasture-raised pork, raw Brazil nuts, tuna, shrimp, sardines and wild-caught salmon. Iodine, an essential mineral, helps make thyroid hormone, which is important for metabolic processes. In addition to iodized table salt, foods rich in iodine include cod, wild-caught salmon, sardines, sea vegetables, scallops, shrimp, whole grains and plain yogurt.

What Are Vitamins and Minerals?

Vitamins and minerals make people's bodies work properly. Vitamins fall into two categories: fat soluble and water soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K dissolve in fat and can be stored in your body. The water-soluble vitamins: C and the B-complex vitamins: need to dissolve in water before your body can absorb them. Because of this, your body can't store these vitamins. Any vitamin C or B that your body doesn't use as it passes through your system is lost. so you need a fresh supply of these vitamins every day. Vitamins are organic substances (made by plants or animals). Minerals are inorganic elements that come from the soil and water and are absorbed by plants or eaten by animals. Your body needs larger amounts of some minerals, such as calcium. Other minerals like chromium, copper, iodine, iron, selenium, and zinc are called trace minerals because you only need very small amounts of them each day.

Appetite

a desire rather than a need to eat

Getting the most nutrition from your calories involves making sensible food choices including

a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat, beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars, preparing foods with less salt

accident chain

a series of events that leads up to an accident happening.

The dietary guidelines

a set of recommendations for healthful eating and active living

Fats

a type of lipid, fatty acids are the building blocks of fats. Fats are classified as saturated or unsaturated based on their chemical composition. Transport vitamins A, D, and K in the blood, serve as sources of linoleic acid(an essential fatty acid that is needed for growth and healthy skin). Add flavor and texture to food, satisfy hunger longer than nutrients

If someone(adult or child) is choking

abdominal thrusts (make a fist and grasp it with your other hand, pull inward and upward just under the rib cage

Four types of open wounds

abrasions, punctures, laceration, and avulsion

Fat- soluble vitamins

absorbed, stored, and transferred into fat

Homeostasis

balance within the body. the body's ability to maintain a stable environment when faced with a changing external environment. The body maintains homeostasis by three steps: 1. A sensor monitors the body's condition. 2. Sensor sends it message to a control center. 3. An effector causes an action that returns the body back to homeostasis

What Do Vitamins and Minerals Do?

boost the immune system, support normal growth and development, and help cells and organs do their jobs. vitamin A, helps prevent eye problems. vitamin K, helps blood to clot (so cuts and scrapes stop bleeding quickly). You'll find vitamin K in green leafy vegetables, broccoli, and soybeans. And to have strong bones, you need to eat foods such as milk, yogurt, and green leafy vegetables, which are rich in the mineral calcium.

Minerals you need each day

calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron

Why Is a Healthy Weight Important?

can help you prevent and control many diseases and conditions. If you are overweight or obese, you are at higher risk of developing serious health problems, including heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, breathing problems, and certain cancers.

Abrasion

caused by skin scraped and tiny blood vessels in the outer layers break, dirt and bacteria can easily enter, clean wound

Vitamins

classified as either water or fat soluble. Compound that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of other nutrients

Complete proteins

contain adequate amounts of all nine essential amino acids. Animal products and soybean products are good sources

How to control bleeding

cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean cloth and press firmly, elevate the wound above level of heart, cover the gauze or cloth dressing with a sterile bandage, cover the dressing with a pressure bandage and/or use pressure point bleeding control, call for help

Environmental factors that influence choices include

cultural and ethnic background, advertising, family, friends, and peers, convenience and cost

Laceration

cut caused by a sharp object, smooth edges from knife, jagged edges from blunt instrument or tearing, all cause bleeding, maybe damage to nerves, large blood vessels and soft tissues, infection may also occur

Third degree burn

deeper layers of skin and possibly fat, muscle, nerves, and bone are damaged, call for medical help immediately

Water-soluble vitamins

dissolve in water and pass easily into the blood during digestion

Ways to reduce risk of heart disease

eat a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, lose excess weight to lower cholesterol levels

What does good nutrition do for you

enhances your quality of life, prevents disease, provides you with the calories and nutrients your body needs

What Factors Contribute To a Healthy Weight?

environment, family history and genetics, metabolism, and behavior or habits.

The dietary guidelines recommended that no more than 30% of daily calories come from

fats, eating less fat, especially saturated fat, lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease

Selecting food from every food group

focusing on variety of whole fruits, varying vegetable intake by eating more dark green and leafy vegetables, making half the grains you eat whole, eating calcium-rich foods such as low-fat or fat-free milk, yogurt, or cottage cheese, going lean on meat protein and add more beans, eat more poultry and fish

Fiber

found in the tough, stringy parts of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, helps prevent intestinal problems(constipation), enough fiber reduces the risk of heart disease, some types help control diabetes

Sprain

from injury to a ligament, from sudden twisting force, pain and swelling

Unsaturated fatty acids

have at least one unsaturated bond where hydrogen can be added to the molecule, usually liquids(oils) at room temperature, have been associated with a reduced risk of heart disease

Saturated fatty acids

hold all the hydrogen atoms they can, usually solid at room temperature, associated with an increased risk of heart disease

If an infant is choking

hold face-down on the forearm, support their neck and head with hand, point the head downward so it is lower than the chest, give five blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of hand, if still choking, 5 chest thrusts, call 911 after 1 minute

Moderation in sugar

identify added sugars by their names on packages, balance foods with added sugars with foods with less added sugars, limit intake of foods with added sugars, choose fresh fruits or canned fruits packed in water or juice

Energy Balance

important for maintaining a healthy weight. The amount of energy or calories you get from food and drinks (energy IN) is balanced with the energy your body uses for things like breathing, digesting, and being physically active (energy OUT): The same amount of energy IN and energy OUT over time = weight stays the same (energy balance), More energy IN than OUT over time = weight gain, More energy OUT than IN over time = weight loss.

Importance of breakfast

improves mental and physical performance and reduces fatigue, helps you maintain a healthy weight, skipping may cause you to overeat

The dietary guidelines define an active lifestyle as

including physical activity equivalent to walking more than three miles per day

Muscle strain

injury from overuse, pain, swelling, bruising, loss of movement from small tears

What happens when your stomach is empty

its walls contract stimulating nerve endings, the nerves signal your brain that your body needs food

Nosebleed

keep person quiet, breathe through mouth, sit down and lean forward, do not tilt person's head back, with a barrier press on the bleeding nostril for 15 minutes

Incomplete proteins

lack one or more of the essential amino acids. Beans, peas, nuts, and whole grains are good sources

Ways to help a shock victim

lay the victim down, control any external bleeding, victim can not eat or drink, call 911, elevate their legs 12 inches, reassure them, Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes. When a person is in shock, his or her organs aren't getting enough blood or oxygen. If untreated, this can lead to permanent organ damage or even death.

Proteins

made of amino acids and are a vital part of every cell in your body. Two types: Complete and Incomplete. Your body uses proteins to: build new cells and tissues, replace damaged cells by making new ones, make enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, supply the body with energy

Carbohydrates

made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. The body's preferred source of energy. Classified into simple or complex based on their chemical makeup. Your body converts all carbohydrates to glucose, glucose that is not used right away is stored as glycogen, when more energy is needed, your body converts the glycogen back to glucose, your body converts and stores the excess carbohydrates as body fat.

Three keys to a healthy lifestyle

make smart choices from every food group, find a balance between food and physical activity, get the most nutrition out of your calories

Physical activity

need healthy weight, lowers risk of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, be physically active for 60 minutes every day, increase the intensity of your physical activity gradually for greater health benefits

CPR for children

no AED, one minute of CPR then call 911

First degree burn

outer layer burned turns red, put in cold water

According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, more than 18,000 Americans die every year from injuries that take place in the home. Some of the most common causes for injury include

poisonings, falls, drowning, firearms, suffocation, and fires

How to clean wounds

protection gloves, minor: wash with mild soap and water. Do not clean a severe injury(avulsion), always wash your hands before and after.

A healthful and balanced eating plan does what

provides you with nutrients, gives you energy, enables you to stay alert, helps prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes, and lowers the risk of developing life-threatening conditions

Moderation in salt

read the nutrition facts panel to find how much sodium a serving contains, season foods with herbs and spices instead of salt, try food before adding salt, ask for foods without salt or with less, choose fruit and vegetables

a life threatening condition in which blood flow is reduced throughout the body, limiting the amount of oxygen carried to the cells

shock, needs immediate medical attention, symptoms: restlessness or irritability, altered consciousness, pale, cool, moist skin, rapid breathing and pulse

Puncture

small but deep hole from a pin, nail, fang, etc., may cause internal bleeding, high risk of infection including tetanus

Complex Carbohydrates

starches, found in whole grains, nuts, beans, and potatoes

Muscle cramp

sudden painful tightening of a muscle, stretch out muscle, massage, apply moist heat, medical help if continues

Simple Carbohydrates

sugars(fructose, lactose, and sucrose), occur naturally in plants(sugarcane and sugar beets)

Minor sprains and strains may be treated with

the RICE procedure: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

MyPlate

the USDA's illustration that is a useful tool for making healthful food choices, ½ fruits and vegetables, ¼ protein and grains, and a serving of dairy

Hunger

the physical need for food

Nutrients

the substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

What happens when you eat

the walls of the stomach are stretched, the nerve endings are no longer stimulated

Avulsion

tissue partially or completely separated from body, heavy bleeding, body part may be severed(like a finger, can be reattached), put in ice or ice water to preserve, call for medical assistance immediately

Second degree burn

top several layers are burned, blisters and blotchy, wrap area with sterile dry dressing

Role of water

transports nutrients to and carries wastes from your cells, lubricates joints and mucous membranes, enables you to swallow and digest foods, absorb nutrients, and eliminate wastes, helps maintain normal body temperature through perspiration

According to the CDC, more Americans die from

violence and injuries, including motor vehicle accidents, than any other cause. Therefore, this makes injury the leading cause of death among people ages 1 to 44.

Cholesterol

waxy lipid-like substance that circulates in blood. Your body uses it to: make cell membranes and nerve tissue, produce hormones, produce vitamin D, produce bile, which helps digest fats

Getting the most nutrition from your calories

when making food choices consider your activity level, understand what a serving is

When do you give CPS

when you are trained and certified and when the person's breathing and heartbeat has stopped