Health Ch. 5

what is a food allergy?

a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods

what is appetite?

a desire, rather than a need, to eat

what is a lipid?

a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water

what is the food guide pyramid?

a guide for making healthful daily food choices

what is hunger?

a natural physical drive that protects you from starvation

what is food intolerance?

a negative reaction to a food or part of food caused by a metabolic problem,, such as the inability to digest parts of certain foods or food components

what is the dietary guidelines for americans?

a set of recommendations for healthful eating and active living

what is included in the A category?

aim for fitness. aim for a healthy weight and be physically active each day.

why is fiber important?

although it can't be digested, it helps move waste through the digestive system and thereby helps prevent intestinal problems. eating enough fiber throughout your life may reduce your risk for heart disease

what is linoleum acid?

an essential fatty acid that is needed for growth and healthy skin

what is fiber?

an indigestible complex carbohydrate that is found in tough, stringy parts of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains

what are many diet drinks sweetened with?

aspartame

how many cups of water should a person drink a day?

at least 8

what is included in the B category?

build a healthy base. make your food choices carefully, choose a variety of grain products, especially whole grains, choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily, and keep food safe to eat

how are ingredients listed on a food label?

by weight in descending order

what are the six groups of nutrients?

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

what is included in the C category?

choose sensibly. choose a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, choose beverages to moderate your intake of sugars, choose and prepare foods with less salt

what are the four steps recommended by the partnership for food safety education?

clean, separate, cook, and chill

what does the body do with carbohydrates?

converts them to glucose for energy, then stores the excess as body fat

what does good nutrition do?

enhances you quality of life, helps prevent disease, and provides you with the calories and nutrients your body needs for energy and wellness

T or F: Good nutrition is essential for health throughout life but particularly during adulthood after the body has fully matured

false. Good nutrition is essential for health throughout life but particularly during adolescence-- one of the fastest periods of growth you'll experience

T or F: fats provide half as much energy as carbohydrates

false. fats provide more than twice the energy of carbohydrates or proteins

T or F: food intolerances are less common than food allergies

false. food intolerances are more common than food allergies

T or F: the information on packaged and prepared foods shows only what a company wants you to see

false. the information on packaged and prepared foods can help you determine whether or not a particular product meets your nutritional needs

T or F: To gain insight into your eating habits, there is no need to understand the difference between your physical need for food and your psychological desire for food

false. to gain insight into your eating habits, it's important to understand the difference between your physical need for food and your psychological desire for food--between hunger and appetite

T or F: In order to stay healthy, you must deprive yourself of your favorite foods if they are unhealthy

false. you don't have to deprive yourself of your favorite foods. with planning, you can fit them into your diet

what factors influence food choices?

family, friends, and peers, cultural and ethnic background, convenience and cost, and advertising

what are 3 important categories to practice moderation in?

fats, sugar, and salt

what are essential fatty acids?

fatty acids that the body needs but cannot produce

what is foodborne illness?

food poisoning

what is unsaturated fatty acid?

has at least one unsaturated bond--a place where hydrogen can be added to the molecule. vegetable fats contain a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids

what will following the ABCs of good health do?

help you stay fit and ensure variety, balance, and moderation in your food choices. it can also help lower your risk of developing chronic diseases

what does sodium do?

helps transport nutrients to your cells and helps move wastes out and helps maintain normal blood pressure and nerve function

what is a saturated fatty acid?

holds all the hydrogen atoms it can. animal fats and tropical oils have a high proportion of saturated fatty acids

what are fatty acids?

molecules made of long chains of carbon atoms with pairs of hydrogen atoms and single oxygen atoms attached

what are common symptoms of foodborne illness?

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever

what are proteins?

nutrients that help build and maintain body cells and tissues. they're made of amino acids

what is an example of a fat replacer and what does it do in the body?

olestra, which passes through the body undigested

what are complete proteins?

proteins that contain adequate amounts of all nine essential amino acids. these are found in animal products and many soybean products

what are incomplete proteins?

proteins that lack one or more of the essential amino acids. sources include beans, peas, nuts, and whole grains

what are allergens?

proteins that the body responds to as if they were pathogens, or foreign invaders

what does healthful eating do?

provides you with the nutrients you'll need for growth and development, gives you energy for sports and other activities, enables you to stay mentally alert, and helps you feel good and look your best

what can consuming less salt do?

reduce your chances of developing high blood pressure and benefit your skeletal system by decreasing the loss of calcium from bone

what do proteins do?

replace damaged or worn out cells, provide energy, and are used by the body to make enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

what are complex carbohydrates?

starches found in whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes, and tubers

what are food additives?

substances intentionally added to food to produce a desired effect

what are minerals?

substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and for regulating many vital body processes

what are simple carbohydrates?

sugars such as fructose and lactose

what are essential amino acids?

the 9 amino acids that the body can't make that must come from foods a person eats

what happens in the body during major growth periods?

the body builds new cells and tissues from the amino acids in proteins

what does light or lite mean?

the calories have been reduced by at least one third, or the fat or sodium has been reduced by at least 50 percent

what is the pack date?

the date on which the food was packages

what does more mean?

the food contains 10 percent more of the daily value for a vitamin, mineral, protein, or fat

what does less mean?

the food contains 25 percent less of a nutrient or of calories than a comparable food

what does free mean?

the food contains no amount, or an insignificant amount, of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, sugars, or calories

what does lean mean?

the food is a meat, poultry, fish, or shellfish product that has less than 10 grams of total fat, less than 4 grams of saturated fat, and less than 95 mg of cholesterol per 3-ounce serving

what is the freshness date?

the last date a food is considered to be fresh

what is the sell-by/pull date?

the last date the product should be sold

what is the expiration date?

the last date you should use the product

what is nutrition?

the process by which the body takes in and uses food

what is pasteurization?

the process of treating a substance with heat to destroy or slow the growth of pathogens

what are the ABCs of good health?

the recommendations in the dietary guidelines grouped into the three broad areas of good health

what are carbohydrates?

the starches and sugars present in food. they are the body's preferred source of energy

what are nutrients?

the substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy

what are calories?

the units of heath that measure the energy used by the body and the energy that foods supply to the body

what does water do?

transports nutrients to and carries waste from cells, lubricates joints, enables you to swallow and digest foods, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste and helps maintain normal body temperature

T or F: Because not all foods offer the same benefits, making healthful food choices is important to your overall level of health.

true

T or F: Food is sometimes used to meet emotional needs.

true

T or F: Most nutritionists recommend eating only moderate amounts of fat--no more than 20 to 30 percent of your daily calorie intake

true

T or F: a healthful eating plan an include sensible snacks.

true

T or F: eating breakfast may help you maintain a healthy weight and improve mental and physical performance

true

T or F: no single food provides al the nutrients your body needs

true

T or F: the best way to protect yourself is to become knowledgeable about the causes of such illnesses and ways to keep food sage

true

what are the foundations of a healthful eating plan?

variety, moderation, and balance

what does a healthful and balanced eating plan prevent?

weight gain, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and life-threatening conditions such as heart disease and stroke, certain cancers, and osteoporosis

what happens in your body when you're hungry?

when your stomach is empty, its walls contract, stimulating nerve endings. the nerves signal your brain that your body needs food