Health Ch 6: Eating disorders and managing weight

Overweight

- a condition in which a person is heavier than the standard weight range for his or her height Being overweight may not pose health risks necessarily; for example, body builders or football players may be overweight because of excess muscle tissue

Fasting

- abstaining from eating at all

Obesity

- refers specifically to having an excess amount of body fat

Liquid Diets

- replaces all food intake with a special liquid formula

Diet Pills

- usually suppresses appetite

Fad Diets

- weight-loss plans that are popular for only a short period of time

HELP FOR EATING DISORDERS

-People suffering from any type of eating disorder need professional medical and psychological help -All eating disorders are serious -If you believe a friend is suffering from an eating disorder tell someone; counselor, parent, school nurse, teacher -Encourage your friend to seek professional help

Body composition

The ratio of body fat to lean body tissue.

Being Underweight is a health Risk as well..

Underweight- a condition in which a person is less than the standard weight range for his or her height Being thin may be normal due to genetics or a fast metabolism but... Other people diet or exercise excessively to stay thin People who are too thin have little stored fat to provide the body with an energy reserve which can lead to fatigue and decreased ability to fight illness Not getting proper nutrients due to little calorie intake

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF BINGE EATING DISORDER

Unhealthful weight gain Health problems: type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke Gallbladder problems, high blood pressure, high cholesterol Increased risk of cancer

FAD dieting

Very hard to stick with Limit certain food intake Fail to provide the body with the nutrients it needs Any weight lost on the fad diet is usually regained shortly after EX: grapefruit diet, ice cream diet, cabbage soup diet

Liquid dieting

Very low calorie diet Usually do not meet the body's energy needs Most often lead to fatigue Due to the potential dangers associated with liquid diets the FDA requires these products to carry warning labels Recommends they are used under close medical supervision Ex: slim-fast

BINGE EATING DISORDER

A disorder characterized by compulsive overeating People consume a large amount of food at one time but do not try to purge This disorder may signal food as a coping mechanism for emotions or depression Treatment: professional counseling and medication at times

WEIGHT- CALORIE CONNECTION

A unbalanced energy equation can cause weight loss/or weight gain... If you burn more calories than you take in you lose weight If you take in more calories that you use you gain weight 3,500 calories= 1 lb

Eating disorders

An extreme, harmful eating behavior that can cause serious illness or even death Exact cause is unknown Mental/emotional factors Poor body image Social/family pressures Perfectionism Control Genetics 90% are females

Body mass index

Body Mass Index=(BMI) = a ratio that allows you to asses your body size in relation to your height and weight When considering your BMI, you need to understand that many different ratios of height to weight can be healthy and teens grow at different rates and different ways. There is no single size, shape, or growth pattern that is "normal" for everyone.

BODY IMAGE: THE WAY YOU SEE YOUR BODY

Body image is affected by many different factors; media images, friends, family, and Body image is tied to perception of weight Individuals healthy weight varies from person to person

Calories

Calories- units used to measure energy -Both the energy in food and the energy your body uses for life processes and physical activity -Maintaining weight is simply a matter of energy balance.....calories in/ calories out

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF BULIMIA

Dehydration Kidney damage Irregular heart beat Destroy tooth enamel Causes tooth decay Damages tissue of stomach, esophagus, and mouth Nutrient deficiencies Treatment: both medication and psychological counseling

Fasting characteristics

Deprives your body of the needed nutrients and energy Without nutrients your body needs it starts to breakdown the protein stored in your muscle tissue for energy Not a good way to lose weight Very ineffective in the long run

BULIMIA NERVOSA

Disorder in which some form of purging or clearing of the digestive tract follows cycles of overeating A person often fasts and then binges After eating the person may vomit or take laxatives to get the food out Symptoms: distorted body image, unnatural interest in food Causes: societal pressures, self-esteem issues, family problems, control issues

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Disorder in which the irrational fear of becoming obese results in severe weight loss from self-imposed starvation Psychological disorder Develops most often in teenage girls and young women Symptoms: extremely low calorie intake, obsession with exercising, emotional problems, unnatural interest in food, distorted body image, denial

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF ANOREXIA

Drastic reduction in body fat, may stop menstration Loss of bone density Low body temperature Low blood pressure Slow metabolism Reduction in organ size Heart problems, irregular heart beat, cardiac arrest, sudden death Treatment: psychological treatment, clinic or hostpital

HEALTHY WEIGHT-LOSS STRATEGIES

Eat 1,700- 1,800 calories daily to meet your needs Eating fewer than 1,400 calories a day may cause you to miss out on essential nutrients Include your favorites in moderation Eat smaller portions of your favorite high calorie foods, and eat them less frequently. Eat a variety of low-calorie, nutrient dense foods These are foods that are high in nutrients as compared with their calorie content Drink plenty of water 8 glasses a day keeps your body functioning at its best.

HEALTHY WEIGHT-GAIN STRATEGIES

Increase your calorie intake Choose foods high in complex carbs. Limit foods high in fat and sugar Eat often and take second helpings Choose more than the minimum number of servings from each food group Eat nutritious snacks Snack 2-3 hours before meals Build Muscle Resistance-training program will help you gain weight by increasing muscle mass

Diet pills

May cause drowsiness, anxiety, racing heart, or other serious side effects May be addictive to some people Some cause the body to lose more water than normal, which can lead to dehydration Not an effective weight loss plan in the long run

Weight cycling

Some plans do help people lose weight quickly, but weight loss is usually from water and not fat Water weight is quickly regained The repeated loss and gain of weight is known as weight cycling Common among people who follow fad diets Slow and steady is the best way to lose weight

HEALTHY WAYS TO MANAGE WEIGHT

Target your appropriate weight Speak with health care professional to determine healthy weight range Set realistic goals Gaining or losing one-half pound to one pound per week is safe Personalize your plan Think about your food preferences and lifestyle while designing your program Put your goal and plan in writing Keep a journal of what and when you are eating Evaluate your progress Track your weight gain/loss

Appropriate weight is influenced by many factors:

gender, age, height, body frame, metabolic rate, and activity level