Health: Endocrine and Reproductive System

What cancer is the most common cancer among women after lung cancer?

Breast Cancer

Endocrine Glands

Ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

True or False? Females are not encouraged to take prenatal vitamins to provide a balance of nutrients

False. They ARE encouraged to take them

What keeps the female reproductive system healthy?

Good hygiene, breast self-examinations, and abstinence

Fetus

Group of developing cells after eight weeks

What does the Endocrine system do?

It sends and receives chemical messages that control many body functions

Internal reproductive organ cycle

Sperm travels through the vas deferens, the urethra, the seminal vesicles, and the prostate, and the Cowper's glands before they are released from the body

External reproductive organs are... (4)

Testes, Scrotum, Penis, Semen

Process of an egg fertilizing

The fertilization of an egg by a sperm produces a cell called a zygote. When the zygote leaves the fallopian tubes, it enters the uterus and attaches itself to the uterine wall. The fetus remains in the uterus until birth

True or False? As a fetus develops during pregnancy , special care needs to be taken to ensure the fetus and mother remain healthy.

True

True or False? Seeing a doctor regularly throughout the pregnancy will provide a new mother with the care and nutritional advice she needs.

True

True or False? The zygote begins to divide and travels through the fallopian tubes.

True

Embryo

a cluster of cells that develops between the third and eighth week of pregnancy

Premenstrual Syndrome

a disorder caused by hormonal changes

Pancreas

a gland that serves both the digestive and the endocrine systems. Regulates glucose in the blood using glucagon and insulin

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include both physical and mental problems

Uterus

a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ that nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until birth

Vagina

a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

Days 9-20

a new egg cell matures inside the ovary

Fallopian tubes

a pair of tubes with finger-like projections that draw in the ovum

Toxic Shock Syndrome

a rare but serious bacterial infection that affects the immune system and liver. Caused by not changing a tampon while women are on their period

Umbilical cord

a rope-like structure that connects the fetus to the mother's placenta

What is the male reproductive system?

a series of organs involved in producing children

Semen

a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system

Amniotic sac

a thin, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the developing embryo

Penis

a tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body above the testes

What are physical changes in a male body during puberty?

broadening of shoulders, development of muscles and body/facial hair, deepening of voice

What should pregnant females eat?

calcium, protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B complex, folic acid

Cancer

cancer of the cervix, uterus, or ovaries

Testicular Cancer and Prostate Cancer

cancers that males can get

Hormones

chemical substances that help regulate many of your body's functions

Menstrual Cramps

cramps that occur at the beginning of a menstrual period

Second layer of a growing embryo

develops into muscles, bones, blood vessels, and skin

STDs

diseases spread through sexual contact

Eggs

female gametes or ova

Ovaries

female reproductive glands that store the ova. It produces egg cells and female sex hormones

Ovarian Cysts

fluid filled sacs in the ovaries

Third layer of a growing embryo

forms the nervous system, sense organs, and mouth

Smoking can also affect what after a child is born? (3)

growth, mental development, behavior

Gestational hypertension

high blood pressure during pregnancy, may occur after the 20th week of pregnancy

Cesarean delivery

made through an incision in the mother's abdomen

Sperm

male reproductive cells

Days 1-8 of menstruation

menstruation begins as hormone levels fall

labor

muscle contractions of the uterus become regular, stronger, and closer together. Causes the cervix to dilate and widen

Inguinal Hernia

occurs when part of the intestines push through a tear in the abdominal wall

Where are the ovaries located?

on each side of the uterus

delivery

once the cervix is fully dilated, the baby pass through the birth canal and emerges from the mother's body. The baby takes its first breath and cries to clear lungs of amniotic fluid

What can drug use often lead to?

premature birth or a miscarriage

Parathyroid glands

produces a hormone that regulates the body's balance of calcium and phosphorus

Thyroid Glands

produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth

Pituitary Gland

regulates and controls the activities of all the other endocrine glands

Thymus

regulates development of the immune system

Adrenal Glands

regulates the body's salt and water balance and control the body's emergency response. It helps the body deal with stress and respond to emergencies

Sterility

result of too few sperm or ones of poor quality (the inability to reproduce)

Ectopic Pregnancy

results when a zygote implants not in the uterus but in the fallopian tubes, abdomen, ovaries, or cervix

Pineal Glands

secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to affect the onset of puberty, and regulates sleep cycles

Identical Twins

single zygote that splits into 2 embryos. They have identical traits and gender

Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland secretes what hormones?

somatotrophic (growth) hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone

stimulate production of all other sex hormones

Somatotrophic (growth) hormone

stimulates normal body growth and development

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

stimulates the production of hormones in the adrenal glands

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones

zygote

the cell that results from fertilization

Days 22-30

the egg travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus

Testosterone

the male sex hormone

Day 21

the mature egg is released into one of the fallopian tubes

The intermediate (middle) lobe of the pituitary secretes what hormone and what does it control?

the melanocyte-simulating hormone. It controls the darkening of the pigments in the skin

Cervix

the opening to the uterus

Afterbirth

the placenta is still attached to the baby by the umbilical cord. Contractions although weaker, will continue until placenta (now called afterbirth), is pushed from the body

Implantation

the process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall

Ovulation

the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tubes each month

One layer of a growing embryo

the respiratory and digestive systems

Menstruation

the shedding of the uterine lining

Miscarriage

the spontaneous expulsion of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy

Prenatal Care

the steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own health and for the health of her baby

Endometrium

the tissue lining the uterus

Fertilization

the union of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell

What do the organs of the female reproductive system enable them to do?

they enable pregnancy to occur with the first monthly ovulation

Placenta

thick, blood-rich tissue that lines the walls of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo

Fraternal Twins

two eggs are released and fertilized by 2 different sperm. They can be different genders

Testes

two small male reproductive glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm for fertilization

Endometriosis

uterine tissue grows outside the uterus

What does the female reproductive system do?

when it matures at puberty, it enables women to reproduce

Premature birth

at least 3 weeks before the due date

Weeks in the first trimester

0-14

Tips for maintaining reproductive health (males)

1. Bathe regularly 2. Wear protective equipment 3. Practice abstinence 4. Perform regular self-examinations 5. Get regular medical checkups

Tips for maintaining your endocrine health

1. Eat balanced meals to ensure that you get the nutrients you need 2. Use stress-management techniques 3. 8.5 - 9 hours of sleep every night 4. Engage in regular physical activity 5. Have regular medical checkups

The adrenal cortex secretes hormones that do what? (4)

1. Inhibit the amount of sodium excreted in urine and maintain blood volume and pressure 2. Aid in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates 3. Influence the body's response to stress 4. Play a role in both the immune response and sexual function

What are the two main functions of the male reproductive system?

1. produce and store sperm 2. transfer sperm to the female's body during sexual intercourse

Weeks in the second trimester

15-28

How much weight does a woman of healthy weight gain when she's pregnant?

25-35

Weeks in the third trimester

29-Birth(40)

How many immature eggs does a woman have in her ovaries?

400,000

Scrotum

an external skin sac that holds the testes

Vaginitis

infection that causes discharge, odor, pain, itching, or burning

The posterior (rear) lobe of the pituitary gland secretes what hormone and what does it do?

it secretes the antidiuretic hormone that regulates the balance of water in the body and produces oxytocin, which stimulates the smooth muscles in the uterus during pregnancy, causing contractions during the birth of a baby

What are the three steps of childbirth?

labor, delivery, afterbirth

What hazards should a pregnant female avoid?

lead, mercury, smog, radiation

Hypothalamus

links the endocrine system and the nervous system and stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of what?

low-birth-weight