Health Promotion & Disease Prevention

Environmental Assessment

"I PREPARE" Mnemonic for determining current and past environmental exposures (QSEN: Safety) I: Investigate P: Present Work R: Residence E: Environmental Concerns P: Past Work A: Activities R: Referrals and Resources E: Educate

Steps of Data Collection in a Cultural Assessment

**First step of cultural assessment is collection of self-identifying data about the client's specific cultural beliefs, religious preferences, family structure, food patterns and health practices Ask the client if they prefer any prefer any type of alternative or cultural practitioners are required for their care** Second, pose questions that address the client's perceptions of his health needs Finally, identify how cultural affects the effectiveness of interventions

Using an Interpreter

*Should have knowledge of health related terminology* *The use of family members is NOT advisable because clients might need privacy in discussing sensitive matters.* *Family members may lack objectivity in relaying information to the client. Family may not understand terminology* Use caution with gestures it may offend the client Use an electronic interpreter application Telephone based interpreter service Use an agency approved medical interpreter

The nurse is assessing a new client. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the cultural portion of the assessment? A. Food preferences B. Employment status C. History of illnesses D. Sexual orientation

A. Food preferences

A community health nurse is reviewing the levels of disease prevention. Which of the following activities is an example of tertiary prevention? A. Providing treatment for clients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. B. Performing screening for sexually transmitted infections. C. Administering influenza immunizations at a local health fair. D. Testing new nurses for exposure to tuberculosis.

A. Providing treatment for clients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

What is the "A" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

A: Activities

A community health nurse identifies an increase in the occurrence of osteoporosis-related fractures in female clients who are experience menopause. Which of the following primary prevention strategies should the nurse implement? A. Advise the clients to avoid live-virus vaccines. B. Encourage the clients to participate in weight-bearing activities. C. Educate the clients about the importance of avoiding sun exposure. D. Instruct at risk clients to increase their intake of foods high in Vitamin E.

B. Encourage the clients to participate in weight-bearing activities. C. Educate

A nurse is conducting a screening class for hypertension. Which of the following should be the nurse's goal for secondary prevention? A. Prevent the onset of the condition B. Identify the severity of the condition C. Identify the condition early D. Deter condition related complications

C. Identify the condition early

A nurse is assessing a new client at a public health clinic. Which of the following areas should the nurse address as part of the cultural assessment? A. Immunization status B. Sexual activity C. Illness practices D. Food allergies

C. Illness practices

A public health nurse is planning care for four clients. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recognize as tertiary prevention? A. Providing chemoprophylaxis for malaria to a client who is traveling to mosquito-infested countries. B. Performing serological screening for HIV for a client who is pregnant. C. Participating in partner notification for a client who has an STI. D. Administering antibiotics to a client who has AIDS and was diagnosed with pneumonia.

D. Administering antibiotics to a client who has AIDS and was diagnosed with pneumonia.

An occupational health nurse is teaching a group of clients about work environment risks. Which of the following actions is the nurse performing? A. Case management B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Primary prevention

D. Primary prevention

What is the 2nd "E" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

E: Educate

What is the "E" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

E: Environmental Concerns

Major Goals of Healthy People 2030

Eliminate health disparities Increase quality and years of a healthy life

Influencing Factors on Cultural Care

Ethic background Religious preferences Family structure Language and literacy needs Communication needs Education Cultural values - views about illness and treatment Food patterns - Nutrition Health practices Use of folk or spiritual healers and alternative healing techniques

Secondary Prevention

Find it early- Prevent it from getting worse Early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects Screening Procedures (Pap, scoliosis and mammograms)

Secondary Prevention Examples

Hearing Tests Vision Checks BP Checls

What is the "I" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

I: Investigate

Examples of Primary Prevention

Immunizations Driver's safety class Healthy Water quality Health Education Classes Fire Safety Decreasing Sun Exposure Using Seat Belts Using Earplugs and Safety Glasses

Barriers to Health Care

Inadequate health insurance Inability to pay for health care services Language barriers Cultural barriers Lack of health care providers in a community Geographic location Social isolation Lack of communication tools - Internet, Phone Lack of public transportation to health care facilities

Tertiary Prevention

Long-term management & treatment

Tertiary Prevention Examples

Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehabilitation) Nutrition counseling for management of Chron's disease Exercise rehabilitation Care management (chronic illness, mental illness) Physical and occupational therapy Support groups Exercise for a client who has hypertension (individual)

Medicare

Must be 65 years and receiving Social Security or disability benefits for 2 years, have ALS, kidney failure (on dialysis or transplant list)

What is the 2nd "P" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

P: Past Work

What is the "P" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

P: Present Work

Primary

Prevention

Primary Prevention

Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease or injury

Acculturation

Process of merging with or adopting the traits of a different culture. Adapting a new culture requires changes in daily living practices, such as, language, education, work, recreation, social experiences and health care

What is the 2nd "R" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

R: Referrals and Resources

What is the "R" in the I PREPARE pneumonic ?

R: Residence

Secondary

Screening

Healthy People 2030

Serves as a guide to promoting health and preventing disease

Conveying Cultural Sensitivity

Teach staff about cultural awareness

Tertiary

Treatment

You are caring for a 76 year old male living in an elderly apartment building. He has chronic COPD. You are visiting him today to perform a respiratory assessment and teaching regarding a new medication. Considering the "P: Past Work" in the "I PREPARE" mnemonic, what question would be appropriate for the nurse to ask?

Where did you work in the past? Going to be on test but the P: "past work" won't be there