Health Psychology Chapter 11

Chemotherapy

The use of medicine to treat cancer Destroy cells that have metastasized because it is administered through the blood Used to slow growth and relieve symptoms Nausea, fatigue, hair loss

Immunotherapy

A new form of chemotherapy where medications are used to enhance the immune systems ability to selectively target cancer cells

Post-Traumatic Growth

A renewed focus on relationships benefit finding or thriving

Cancer

A set of diseases in which abnormal body cells multiply and spread in an uncontrolled fashion, forming a tissue mass called a tumor 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S (children 1-14)

Carcinomas

Attack the epithelial cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of the body Includes breast prostate, lung, and skin cancer

Leukemia

Cancers that attack the blood and blood-forming tissues such as bone marrow

Malignant Tumors

Consist of renegade cells that do not respond to the body's regulation of growth and division

Staging Surgery

Determines the extent of disease ex) laparoscopy

Emotion-Focused Coping

Expressing both positive and negative emotions to help adjust to a cancer diagnosis

African Americans

Have the highest overall cancer incidence, primarily because of high rates of lung and prostate cancer

Radiation

High doses of x-rays to cancerous tumors, killing or damaging them so they cannot grow unchecked and spread Most normal cells repair and recover Only affects the tumor and surrounding area More than half patience receive this- primary treatment fatigue, loss of appetite, skin rashes, permanent hair loss, loss of white blood cells

Benign Tumors

Remain localized and do not post a threat to health

Diet

Rivals tobacco as a cause of cancer Causes every one out of three cancer deaths

Laparoscopy

Inserting a tube into the abdomen to examine its contents and remove tissue samples

Cancers caused by smoking

Lung Mouth Stomach Larynx (voice box) Esophagus Pancreas Uterus Cervix Kidney Bladder

20%

Lung cancer patients who previously smoked continue to do so Increases the risk of recurrence

Lymphomas

Lymphatic cancers such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Sarcomas

Malignancies in the bones, muscle, and cartilage

Metastasis

Malignant cells often have the ability to migrate to attack and destroy other tissues

Latinas

More distressed from cancer

African American Women

More likely to struggle with physical functioning and daily activity

Diagnostic Surgery

Obtain tissue samples for lab tests to confirm a diagnosis ex) biopsy

Cognitive Behavioral Interventions

Stress reduction and relaxation Exercise recommended Guided imagery to replace negative scary images Systematic Desensitization and stimulus control for nausea

Environmental and Occupational Hazards

Pesticides Air Pollution UV radiation Asbestos, Chromium, Benzene, Diesel Exhaust, Radon

40%

Teens who try smoking and report regular use due to peer influence and pro-smoking media

Surgery

The oldest form of cancer treatment and generally offer the greatest chance for a cure to most types 60% of patience opt in

Lung Cancer

Type of cancer that is the top killer of both genders

Prostate Cancer

Type of cancer that is the top killer of men Second most likely diagnosed in men Ed, low libido, pain, fatigue, vulnerability/fear with gender roles

Breast Cancer

Type of cancer that is the top killer of women

Immune Surveillance Theory

cancer cells are prevented from spreading and developing into tumors by "natural killer" (NK) cells. However, when the immune system is overwhelmed by the number of cancer cells or weakened by stress, immune surveillance is suppressed and cancer may develop

Childhood adversity

more likely to encounter stressors may disrupt immune functioning

Tobacco

Most preventable cause of death in our society Every one out of 5 deaths from cancer Single most lethal Carcinogen in the U.S

Biphasic Model

Only chronic stressors cause global immunosuppression, while short-term stressors that trigger the fight-or-flight response have either no effect or enhance immunity

Curative Surgery

Removes a tumor when it is localized and there is hope of removing it all together

Preventive Surgery

Removes non-malignant growths or healthy organs in the case of genetic cancers

European Americans

Report more sexual difficulties

Restorative (reconstructive) Surgery

Restores a person's appearance or functionality. ex) breast reconstruction, joint replacements

Emotional Intelligene

The ability to perceive, understand, express, and regulate emotions accurately Associated with less anxiety, depression, and overall distress

Risk Factors that contribute to cancer

Tobacco Use Diet and Alcohol Use Physical Activity Overweight and Obesity Family History Environmental and Occupational Hazards Stress and Immunocompetence Childhood Adversity