Health Psychology Chapter 11
Chemotherapy
The use of medicine to treat cancer Destroy cells that have metastasized because it is administered through the blood Used to slow growth and relieve symptoms Nausea, fatigue, hair loss
Immunotherapy
A new form of chemotherapy where medications are used to enhance the immune systems ability to selectively target cancer cells
Post-Traumatic Growth
A renewed focus on relationships benefit finding or thriving
Cancer
A set of diseases in which abnormal body cells multiply and spread in an uncontrolled fashion, forming a tissue mass called a tumor 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S (children 1-14)
Carcinomas
Attack the epithelial cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of the body Includes breast prostate, lung, and skin cancer
Leukemia
Cancers that attack the blood and blood-forming tissues such as bone marrow
Malignant Tumors
Consist of renegade cells that do not respond to the body's regulation of growth and division
Staging Surgery
Determines the extent of disease ex) laparoscopy
Emotion-Focused Coping
Expressing both positive and negative emotions to help adjust to a cancer diagnosis
African Americans
Have the highest overall cancer incidence, primarily because of high rates of lung and prostate cancer
Radiation
High doses of x-rays to cancerous tumors, killing or damaging them so they cannot grow unchecked and spread Most normal cells repair and recover Only affects the tumor and surrounding area More than half patience receive this- primary treatment fatigue, loss of appetite, skin rashes, permanent hair loss, loss of white blood cells
Benign Tumors
Remain localized and do not post a threat to health
Diet
Rivals tobacco as a cause of cancer Causes every one out of three cancer deaths
Laparoscopy
Inserting a tube into the abdomen to examine its contents and remove tissue samples
Cancers caused by smoking
Lung Mouth Stomach Larynx (voice box) Esophagus Pancreas Uterus Cervix Kidney Bladder
20%
Lung cancer patients who previously smoked continue to do so Increases the risk of recurrence
Lymphomas
Lymphatic cancers such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Sarcomas
Malignancies in the bones, muscle, and cartilage
Metastasis
Malignant cells often have the ability to migrate to attack and destroy other tissues
Latinas
More distressed from cancer
African American Women
More likely to struggle with physical functioning and daily activity
Diagnostic Surgery
Obtain tissue samples for lab tests to confirm a diagnosis ex) biopsy
Cognitive Behavioral Interventions
Stress reduction and relaxation Exercise recommended Guided imagery to replace negative scary images Systematic Desensitization and stimulus control for nausea
Environmental and Occupational Hazards
Pesticides Air Pollution UV radiation Asbestos, Chromium, Benzene, Diesel Exhaust, Radon
40%
Teens who try smoking and report regular use due to peer influence and pro-smoking media
Surgery
The oldest form of cancer treatment and generally offer the greatest chance for a cure to most types 60% of patience opt in
Lung Cancer
Type of cancer that is the top killer of both genders
Prostate Cancer
Type of cancer that is the top killer of men Second most likely diagnosed in men Ed, low libido, pain, fatigue, vulnerability/fear with gender roles
Breast Cancer
Type of cancer that is the top killer of women
Immune Surveillance Theory
cancer cells are prevented from spreading and developing into tumors by "natural killer" (NK) cells. However, when the immune system is overwhelmed by the number of cancer cells or weakened by stress, immune surveillance is suppressed and cancer may develop
Childhood adversity
more likely to encounter stressors may disrupt immune functioning
Tobacco
Most preventable cause of death in our society Every one out of 5 deaths from cancer Single most lethal Carcinogen in the U.S
Biphasic Model
Only chronic stressors cause global immunosuppression, while short-term stressors that trigger the fight-or-flight response have either no effect or enhance immunity
Curative Surgery
Removes a tumor when it is localized and there is hope of removing it all together
Preventive Surgery
Removes non-malignant growths or healthy organs in the case of genetic cancers
European Americans
Report more sexual difficulties
Restorative (reconstructive) Surgery
Restores a person's appearance or functionality. ex) breast reconstruction, joint replacements
Emotional Intelligene
The ability to perceive, understand, express, and regulate emotions accurately Associated with less anxiety, depression, and overall distress
Risk Factors that contribute to cancer
Tobacco Use Diet and Alcohol Use Physical Activity Overweight and Obesity Family History Environmental and Occupational Hazards Stress and Immunocompetence Childhood Adversity