Health Psychology- Chapter 17

Bad Healthism

"Medicalization of everyday life"; Mass hysteria or obsession; Reduction in spontaneity; Social control; Social exclusion; Stigma

3 Pillars of Health Promotion

1-Good Governance 2- Healthy Cities 3- Health Literacy

Healthism

Belief system that sees health as the property and responsibility of the individual and ranks the personal pursuit of health above anything else

Social Exclusion

Ignores impact of poverty, oppression, war, violence, luck, historical atrocities, abuse, and the environment

HealthyPeople.gov

A national effort that sets goals and objectives to improve the health and well-being of people in the United States

Community Development Approach

Aim: Addressing socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health

Behavior Change Approach

Aim: Bring about changes in individual behavior through changes in cognitions Assumption 1: Humans are rational decision makers Method: Information about risks and benefits Assumption 2: Patients are empowered to make informed choices

Health Promotion

Any event, process, or activity that facilitates the protection or improvement of the health status of individuals, groups, communities, or populations

Health Models

Assumption: Better behavioral prediction results in a better health promotion Challenge: "Intention-behavior" gap

Critiques of Community Development Approach

Conflict with interest in status quo; "Professionalism creep"; Burn out; Feeling "used or over-researched"; Obscures diversity; Limited measurable outcomes; Cannot conduct RCT

Re-orienting Health Services to Promotion

Connected or interlinked with physical, social, political, and economic environments; Health services fulfill the needs and demands of communities; Holistic approach

Community Action

Empowerment of communities through community participation, involvement, and engagement; Strengthening public participation

Ottawa Charter

Factors of this would be Healthy public policies, Supportive physical environments, Community actions, Personal Skills, and Re-orienting health services to promotion

Personal Skills

Information, education, and enhancement of life skills, Teach people to prepare themselves to cope up with health events

Healthy Public Policies

Legislation, fiscal measures, taxation, and organizational change; Identification and removal of objects

Good Healthism

Open promotion of self-care (nutrition, exercise, yoga) creates shared values that benefit individual communities; Free market healthy lifestyle capitalism breeds "good and responsible citizens" and supports economy

Evaluation of Health Promotion

Outcome: Assessment of changes over time Process: How, why, and for whom the intervention worked

Ottawa Charter Prerequisites for Health

Peace, Shelter, Education, Food, Income, Stable eco-system, Sustainable resources, Social justice, and Equity

Objective of Health Promotion

Prolong life and improve quality of life

Supportive Physical Environments

Protection and maintenance of both natural and built environment; Preservation of natural resources

Social Control

Protects the status quo; leads to victim blaming and privilege; Increases inequalities; Fosters internalized oppression

Re-Aim Framework

Reach: Participants Effectiveness/Efficacy: Impact Adaption: Settings and Staff Implementation: Fidelity Maintenance: Follow-up

Fear Tactics

Risk of harming audiences who did not consent and are unable to withdraw; Moral judgement on behavior; Self-fulfilling prophecy of labelling; Reluctance to seek advice; Fatalism

Critiques of Behavior Change Approach

Unable to target major causes; Top-down incompatible with community norms and/or disempowering; Only applies to cognitively mediated health behavior; Ignores impulse and emotion; Assumes same variables are universally relevant; Outcomes no different from those without theoretical basis